2f:null 30:["$","title",null,{"children":"Nature Based Solutions Health Benefits Explorer | Nature Based Solutions & Health | Observable"}] 35:T1b51,dashboard = { const data = [ { hazard: "Extreme Heat", gi_type: "Urban Tree Canopy", pathway: "Heat Exposure Reduction", health_outcome: "Reduced heat-related illness", evidence_level: "Strong", valuation_status: "TBD", sources: [ { citation: "U.S. EPA (2021) Climate Change and Social Vulnerability in the US", url: "https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2021-09/climate-vulnerability_september-2021_508.pdf" }, { citation: "CDC Heat & Health Tracker", url: "https://ephtracking.cdc.gov" } ] }, { hazard: "Extreme Heat", gi_type: "Urban Tree Canopy", pathway: "Heat Exposure Reduction", health_outcome: "Reduced heat-related mortality", evidence_level: "Strong", valuation_status: "TBD", sources: [ { citation: "U.S. EPA (2021) Climate Change and Social Vulnerability in the US", url: "https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2021-09/climate-vulnerability_september-2021_508.pdf" } ] }, { hazard: "Extreme Heat", gi_type: "Green Roof", pathway: "Indoor Temperature Reduction", health_outcome: "Reduced heat stress", evidence_level: "Moderate", valuation_status: "TBD", sources: [ { citation: "U.S. EPA (2021) Climate Change and Social Vulnerability in the US", url: "https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2021-09/climate-vulnerability_september-2021_508.pdf" } ] }, { hazard: "Flooding", gi_type: "Wetland Restoration", pathway: "Flood Attenuation", health_outcome: "Reduced injury risk", evidence_level: "Moderate", valuation_status: "TBD", sources: [ { citation: "U.S. EPA (2021) Climate Change and Social Vulnerability in the US", url: "https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2021-09/climate-vulnerability_september-2021_508.pdf" } ] }, { hazard: "Air Quality", gi_type: "Urban Tree Canopy", pathway: "Pollution Reduction", health_outcome: "Reduced asthma exacerbations", evidence_level: "Mixed", valuation_status: "TBD", sources: [ { citation: "U.S. EPA (2021) Climate Change and Social Vulnerability in the US", url: "https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2021-09/climate-vulnerability_september-2021_508.pdf" } ] }, { hazard: "Mental Health", gi_type: "Parks and Greenways", pathway: "Access to Nature", health_outcome: "Reduced stress", evidence_level: "Strong", valuation_status: "TBD", sources: [ { citation: "WHO (2017) Urban Green Space Interventions and Health", url: "https://iris.who.int/server/api/core/bitstreams/9c952dde-1249-4a94-ae39-4e594c76e2bf/content" } ] } ]; const container = html`

Nature Based Solutions Health Benefits Explorer

Diane M.L. Mas, Ph.D., REHS/RS

This tool maps climate hazards → nature based solution → health pathways → health outcomes.

Note: Monetary valuation is not yet implemented. Views expressed here are my own and do not represent the views of my employer.

Important Notice

This tool is under active development and is intended for exploratory use only. It illustrates potential relationships between climate hazards, green infrastructure or nature-based solutions, and associated health outcomes based on available evidence. The content is not exhaustive and does not represent definitive or universally applicable findings. Evidence classifications are generalized and do not reflect formal systematic reviews. Monetary valuation components are not yet implemented and, when added, will rely on assumptions and context-specific inputs. This tool should not be used as a substitute for professional judgment or as the sole basis for policy, investment, or design decisions.

Select a resilience issue

Select a nature based solution

`; const hazardSelect = container.querySelector("#hazardSelect"); const giSelect = container.querySelector("#giSelect"); const results = container.querySelector("#results"); const unique = arr => [...new Set(arr)].sort(); function populateHazards() { hazardSelect.innerHTML = unique(data.map(d => d.hazard)) .map(h => ``) .join(""); } function populateGI() { const selectedHazard = hazardSelect.value; const hazardData = data.filter(d => d.hazard === selectedHazard); giSelect.innerHTML = unique(hazardData.map(d => d.gi_type)) .map(gi => ``) .join(""); } function render() { const selectedHazard = hazardSelect.value; const selectedGI = giSelect.value; const giData = data.filter( d => d.hazard === selectedHazard && d.gi_type === selectedGI ); const pathways = {}; giData.forEach(row => { if (!pathways[row.pathway]) pathways[row.pathway] = []; pathways[row.pathway].push(row); }); results.innerHTML = `

Summary

Hazard: ${selectedHazard}
Solution: ${selectedGI}
Pathways: ${Object.keys(pathways).length}
Outcomes: ${giData.length}

Health Pathways and Outcomes

${Object.entries(pathways).map(([pathway, rows]) => `

${pathway}

${row.health_outcome}
Evidence: ${row.evidence_level}
Value: ${row.valuation_status}
Sources
- ${src.citation}

`).join("")} `; } function update() { populateGI(); render(); } populateHazards(); populateGI(); render(); hazardSelect.addEventListener("change", update); giSelect.addEventListener("change", render); return container; }36:T14c0,{ const references = { EPA2021: { citation: "U.S. EPA (2021) Climate Change and Health Assessment", url: "https://www.epa.gov" }, CDCHeatHealth: { citation: "CDC Heat & Health Tracker", url: "https://ephtracking.cdc.gov" }, WHOGreenSpace: { citation: "WHO (2017) Urban Green Space and Health", url: "https://www.who.int" } }; const data = [ { hazard: "Extreme Heat", gi_type: "Urban Tree Canopy", pathway: "Heat Exposure Reduction", health_outcome: "Reduced heat-related illness", evidence_level: "Strong", source_ids: ["EPA2021", "CDCHeatHealth"], valuation_status: "TBD" }, { hazard: "Extreme Heat", gi_type: "Urban Tree Canopy", pathway: "Heat Exposure Reduction", health_outcome: "Reduced heat-related mortality", evidence_level: "Strong", source_ids: ["EPA2021"], valuation_status: "TBD" }, { hazard: "Extreme Heat", gi_type: "Green Roof", pathway: "Indoor Temperature Reduction", health_outcome: "Reduced heat stress", evidence_level: "Moderate", source_ids: ["EPA2021"], valuation_status: "TBD" }, { hazard: "Flooding", gi_type: "Wetland Restoration", pathway: "Flood Attenuation", health_outcome: "Reduced injury risk", evidence_level: "Moderate", source_ids: ["EPA2021"], valuation_status: "TBD" }, { hazard: "Air Quality", gi_type: "Urban Tree Canopy", pathway: "Pollution Reduction", health_outcome: "Reduced asthma exacerbations", evidence_level: "Mixed", source_ids: ["EPA2021"], valuation_status: "TBD" }, { hazard: "Mental Health", gi_type: "Parks and Greenways", pathway: "Access to Nature", health_outcome: "Reduced stress", evidence_level: "Strong", source_ids: ["WHOGreenSpace"], valuation_status: "TBD" } ]; const container = html`

Green Infrastructure Health Benefits Explorer

This draft tool maps climate/resilience issues → green infrastructure → health pathways → health outcomes.

Note: Monetary valuation is not yet implemented. This prototype establishes the structure for future benefit-cost analysis.

Select a resilience issue

Select a green infrastructure solution

`; const hazardSelect = container.querySelector("#hazardSelect"); const giSelect = container.querySelector("#giSelect"); const results = container.querySelector("#results"); for (const hazard of Array.from(new Set(data.map(d => d.hazard))).sort()) { hazardSelect.appendChild(new Option(hazard, hazard)); } function render() { const selectedHazard = hazardSelect.value; const hazardData = data.filter(d => d.hazard === selectedHazard); giSelect.innerHTML = ""; for (const gi of Array.from(new Set(hazardData.map(d => d.gi_type))).sort()) { giSelect.appendChild(new Option(gi, gi)); } const selectedGI = giSelect.value; const giData = hazardData.filter(d => d.gi_type === selectedGI); const pathwayGroups = Array.from( giData.reduce((map, row) => { if (!map.has(row.pathway)) map.set(row.pathway, []); map.get(row.pathway).push(row); return map; }, new Map()) ); results.innerHTML = `

Summary

Hazard: ${selectedHazard}
Solution: ${selectedGI}
Pathways: ${new Set(giData.map(d => d.pathway)).size}
Outcomes: ${giData.length}

Health Pathways and Outcomes

${pathwayGroups.map(([pathway, rows]) => `

${pathway}

${row.health_outcome}
Evidence: ${row.evidence_level}
Value: ${row.valuation_status}
Sources
- ${references[id]?.url ? `${references[id].citation}` : references[id]?.citation || id}

`).join("")} `; } hazardSelect.addEventListener("change", render); giSelect.addEventListener("change", render); render(); return container; }37:[] 33:{"id":"99fe2a54aa236fb6","slug":"nature-based-solutions-health-benefits-explorer","title":"Nature Based Solutions Health Benefits Explorer","thumbnail":"1d7eb4fe65482ba78c4dd122d87a8bf8fa36e296d9c74d37283c847b0da427b2","access_level":"unlisted","create_time":"$D2026-04-24T20:15:24.680Z","update_time":"$D2026-05-12T03:40:27.731Z","view_time":null,"first_public_time":null,"has_unpublished_edits":null,"fork":false,"stars":0,"starred":false,"owner":{"type":"team","id":"ce4188c58be483b1","login":"nature-based-solutions-health","name":"Nature Based Solutions & Health","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/21505cbef8497c907cc9121de326c589f8c558ca65439c31f50f0b02a3e1858c","tier":"starter_2024"},"version":29,"publish_version":null,"role":null,"authored":false,"authors":[{"type":"individual","id":"5567036537491bc9","login":"diane-mas-phd","name":"Diane.Mas.PhD","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/a2c196773ca8f93b1aac5c5102690d2d8aae8ceb7b95e321dcb0d5e5ca989b22","tier":null}],"members":[{"type":"individual","id":"5567036537491bc9","login":"diane-mas-phd","name":"Diane.Mas.PhD","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/a2c196773ca8f93b1aac5c5102690d2d8aae8ceb7b95e321dcb0d5e5ca989b22","tier":null,"role":"editor"},{"type":"team","id":"ce4188c58be483b1","login":"nature-based-solutions-health","name":"Nature Based Solutions & Health","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/21505cbef8497c907cc9121de326c589f8c558ca65439c31f50f0b02a3e1858c","tier":"starter_2024","role":"editor"}],"comments":[],"custom_thumbnail":true,"trashed":false,"lapsed":null,"subscribed":null,"forks":0,"collection":null,"type":"notebook","body":{"title":"Nature Based Solutions Health Benefits Explorer","cells":[{"id":15,"value":"$35","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":0,"value":"$36","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"}],"files":"$W37","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}} 34:"$33:body"