25:["$","title",null,{"children":"Si c’était à refaire… Quel premier langage de programmation en 2025 ? | Basile Marchand | Observable"}] 4b:T584,Ce notebook propose une analyse d’un [sondage publié sur LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/posts/basilemarchand_en-jonglant-r%C3%A9guli%C3%A8rement-entre-plusieurs-activity-7346062807659933698-2HI9?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop&rcm=ACoAAAw8sz8BqFUaNtSPX1xWAKLuX0oMtAwpkEs), visant à faire émerger quelques tendances sur le choix du premier langage de programmation en 2025. Le sondage s’est déroulé sur deux semaines, fin juin 2025. Pour enrichir l’analyse, j’ai ajouté manuellement quelques métadonnées sur chaque répondant, à partir des informations publiques de leur profil LinkedIn : - **Niveau d’expérience** : Student, Junior (<3 ans), Intermediate (entre 3 et 10 ans), Senior (>10 ans). Les doctorants ont été classés comme *Junior*. - **Domaine d’usage principal** : - `Simu` (simulation numérique), - `Teach` (enseignement), - `Data` (analyse, traitement de données), - `Info` (programmation générale : web, embarqué, etc.) - **Contexte professionnel** : - `Academic`, - `Indus`, - `AcaDus` (pour les profils hybrides type ONERA ou CEA – difficile à trancher 😊) ⚠️ Ces informations ont été renseignées à la main et sont donc approximatives. À prendre avec des pincettes… comme tout le reste de ce document d’ailleurs ! > Ce dépouillement est avant tout un prétexte pour s’amuser avec Observable 😊 4c:Tc92,makeChart1 = (data, divid) => { // set the dimensions and margins of the graph const width = 450, height = 0.7*width, margin = 60; // The radius of the pieplot is half the width or half the height (smallest one). I subtract a bit of margin. const radius = Math.min(width, height) / 2 - margin // append the svg object to the div called 'my_dataviz' d3.selectAll(divid + "> *").remove(); const svg = d3.select(divid) .append("svg") .attr("width", width) .attr("height", height) .append("g") .attr("transform", `translate(${width/2},${height/2})`); const datakeys = Object.keys(data); // set the color scale const color = d3.scaleOrdinal() .domain(datakeys) .range(d3.schemeDark2); // Compute the position of each group on the pie: const pie = d3.pie() .padAngle(0.024) .sort(null) // Do not sort group by size .value(d => d[1]) const data_ready = pie(Object.entries(data)) // The arc generator const arc = d3.arc() .innerRadius(radius * 0.4) // This is the size of the donut hole .outerRadius(radius * 0.6) // The arc generator const innerArc = d3.arc() .innerRadius(radius * 0.6) // This is the size of the donut hole .outerRadius(radius * 0.6) // Another arc that won't be drawn. Just for labels positioning const outerArc = d3.arc() .innerRadius(radius * 0.6+10) .outerRadius(radius * 0.6+10) // Build the pie chart: Basically, each part of the pie is a path that we build using the arc function. svg .selectAll('allSlices') .data(data_ready) .join('path') .attr('d', arc) .attr('fill', d => color(d.data[1])) .attr("stroke", "white") .style("stroke-width", "2px") .style("opacity", 0.7) // Add the polylines between chart and labels: svg .selectAll('allPolylines') .data(data_ready) .join('polyline') .attr("stroke", d => color(d.data[1])) .style("fill", "none") .attr("stroke-width", 1) .attr('points', function(d) { const posA = innerArc.centroid(d) // line insertion in the slice const posB = outerArc.centroid(d) // line break: we use the other arc generator that has been built only for that const posC = outerArc.centroid(d); // Label position = almost the same as posB const midangle = d.startAngle + (d.endAngle - d.startAngle) / 2 // we need the angle to see if the X position will be at the extreme right or extreme left posC[0] = radius * 0.95 * (midangle < Math.PI ? 1 : -1); // multiply by 1 or -1 to put it on the right or on the left return [posA, posB, posC] }) // Add the polylines between chart and labels: svg .selectAll('allLabels') .data(data_ready) .join('text') .text(d => `${d.data[0]} (${d.data[1]})`) .attr('transform', function(d) { const pos = outerArc.centroid(d); const midangle = d.startAngle + (d.endAngle - d.startAngle) / 2 pos[0] = (radius * 0.95 + 4) * (midangle < Math.PI ? 1 : -1); return `translate(${pos})`; }) .style('text-anchor', function(d) { const midangle = d.startAngle + (d.endAngle - d.startAngle) / 2 return (midangle < Math.PI ? 'start' : 'end') }) .style("alignment-baseline", "middle") .style("fill", d => color(d.data[1])); }4d:Tc7d,makeSankeyGraph = (data)=>{ // 2. Définition des dimensions du graphique const width = 700; const height = 400; // 3. Configuration du layout Sankey // On utilise maintenant d3.sankey() directement const sankey = d3.sankey() .nodeId(d => d.name) .nodeAlign(d3.sankeyLeft) .nodeWidth(15) .nodePadding(10) .extent([[1, 5], [width - 1, height - 5]]); // On applique le layout à nos données (la cellule "sankeyData" reste inchangée) const {nodes, links} = sankey({ nodes: data.nodes.map(d => Object.assign({}, d)), links: data.links.map(d => Object.assign({}, d)) }); // 4. Création du conteneur SVG const svg = d3.create("svg") .attr("viewBox", [0, 0, width, height]); const color = d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemeCategory10); // 5. Ajout des noeuds (les "rectangles") const node = svg.append("g") .attr("stroke", "#000") .selectAll("rect") .data(nodes) .join("rect") .attr("x", d => d.x0) .attr("y", d => d.y0) .attr("height", d => d.y1 - d.y0) .attr("width", d => d.x1 - d.x0) .attr("fill", d => color(d.name)); node.append("title") .text(d => `${d.name}\n${d.value}`); // 6. Ajout des liens (les "flux") const link = svg.append("g") .attr("fill", "none") .attr("stroke-opacity", 0.5) .selectAll("g") .data(links) .join("g") .style("mix-blend-mode", "multiply"); // Mouseover effects link .on("mouseover", function ({ target }) { link.attr("opacity", 0.1); d3.select(this).attr("opacity", 1); }) .on("mouseout", () => link.attr("opacity", 1)); node .on("mouseover", function (event, d) { link.attr("opacity", 0.1) .filter((l) => { return l.source.index === d || l.target.index === d }) .attr("opacity", 1); node.attr("opacity", 0.4); d3.select(this).attr("opacity", 1); }) .on("mouseout", () => node.attr("opacity", 1)); const gradient = link.append("linearGradient") .attr("id", d => (d.uid = DOM.uid("link")).id) .attr("gradientUnits", "userSpaceOnUse") .attr("x1", d => d.source.x1) .attr("x2", d => d.target.x0); gradient.append("stop") .attr("offset", "0%") .attr("stop-color", d => color(d.source.name)); gradient.append("stop") .attr("offset", "100%") .attr("stop-color", d => color(d.target.name)); link.append("path") .attr("d", d3.sankeyLinkHorizontal()) .attr("stroke", (d) => d.uid) .attr("stroke-width", d => Math.max(1, d.width)) .append("title") // Tooltip qui affiche la valeur au survol .text(d => `${d.source.name} → ${d.target.name}\n${d.value}`); // 7. Ajout des labels pour les noeuds svg.append("g") .attr("font-family", "sans-serif") .attr("font-size", 10) .selectAll("text") .data(nodes) .join("text") .attr("x", d => d.x0 < width / 2 ? d.x1 + 6 : d.x0 - 6) .attr("y", d => (d.y1 + d.y0) / 2) .attr("dy", "0.35em") .attr("text-anchor", d => d.x0 < width / 2 ? "start" : "end") .text(d => d.name); return svg.node(); }4e:[{"id":"56d6f02249cc2eaed688efdc7196b387c85a6344f940f9ae6021c2d41a4ed894a755df6c92f268a40df3dc22d40ae996e049179a06878991b8f6386427d0fc72","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/56d6f02249cc2eaed688efdc7196b387c85a6344f940f9ae6021c2d41a4ed894a755df6c92f268a40df3dc22d40ae996e049179a06878991b8f6386427d0fc72","name":"data_survey_linkedin@4.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1753287043086.995,"size":2996}] 47:{"id":"3ccd5115abb72e8c","slug":"survey","title":"Si c’était à refaire… Quel premier langage de programmation en 2025 ?","thumbnail":"4e1ad7d3a56425ca7c3979cf14f30fef224865452f92afa44a38d3bb3303e91a","access_level":"public","create_time":"$D2025-07-22T17:16:59.982Z","update_time":"$D2025-07-24T20:04:54.328Z","view_time":null,"first_public_time":"$D2025-07-24T19:51:37.101Z","has_unpublished_edits":null,"fork":false,"stars":0,"starred":false,"owner":{"type":"team","id":"991baefabb94340f","login":"basilemarchand","name":"Basile Marchand","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/9278f2e6dc694d848584df01cad065305351bb697fddcc337965997b8ae57000","tier":"starter_2024","bio":"Research Engineer","followed_by_you":false,"follows_you":false},"version":341,"publish_version":null,"role":null,"authored":false,"authors":[{"type":"individual","id":"dd59712658a741b8","login":"basilemarchand","name":"Basile Marchand","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/9278f2e6dc694d848584df01cad065305351bb697fddcc337965997b8ae57000","tier":null,"bio":"Senior scientific computing and HPC engineer (Phd)","followed_by_you":false,"follows_you":false}],"members":[{"type":"individual","id":"dd59712658a741b8","login":"basilemarchand","name":"Basile Marchand","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/9278f2e6dc694d848584df01cad065305351bb697fddcc337965997b8ae57000","tier":null,"role":"editor"},{"type":"team","id":"991baefabb94340f","login":"basilemarchand","name":"Basile Marchand","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/9278f2e6dc694d848584df01cad065305351bb697fddcc337965997b8ae57000","tier":"starter_2024","role":"viewer"}],"comments":[],"custom_thumbnail":false,"trashed":false,"lapsed":null,"subscribed":null,"forks":0,"collection":null,"type":"notebook","body":{"titling":"auto","title":"Si c’était à refaire… Quel premier langage de programmation en 2025 ?","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"# Si c’était à refaire… Quel premier langage de programmation en 2025 ?","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":253,"value":"Plot.plot({\n axis: null,\n label: null,\n height: 360,\n marginTop: 20,\n marginBottom: 100,\n title: \"Si c’était à refaire… Quel premier langage de programmation en 2025 ?\",\n subtitle: \"101 répondants\",\n marks: [\n Plot.axisFx({lineWidth: 10, anchor: \"bottom\", dy: 20}),\n Plot.waffleY({length: 1}, {y: 101, fillOpacity: 0.4, rx: \"100%\"}),\n \n //Plot.waffleY(survey, {y: \"size\", rx: \"100%\", fill: \"grey\", fillOpacity: 0.4,}),\n Plot.waffleY(survey, {fx: \"question\", y: \"yes\", rx: \"100%\", fill: \"orange\"}),\n Plot.text(survey, {fx: \"question\", text: (d) => (d.yes / d.size).toLocaleString(\"en-US\", {style: \"percent\"}), frameAnchor: \"bottom\", lineAnchor: \"top\", dy: 6, fill: \"orange\", fontSize: 24, fontWeight: \"bold\"}),\n ]\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":45,"value":"$4b","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":78,"value":"Pour commencer voici les données brutes, anonymisées évidemment, au total il y a eu 101 votes. ","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":61,"value":"data_survey_linkedin3 = await FileAttachment(\"data_survey_linkedin@4.csv\").csv({typed: \"auto\"})","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"data_survey_linkedin3","database":"$undefined"},{"id":80,"value":"Rentrons dans le vif du sujet — et pour cela, rien de tel que de jolis donuts 🍩 (hmm… des donuts 🤤).\nOn observe une victoire écrasante — mais pas trop — de Python comme premier langage. À l'inverse, JavaScript est largement boudé, ce qui m’étonne un peu. Personnellement, je trouve que JS est un bon compromis : depuis l’essor de Node.js, on peut faire beaucoup de choses hors du web, et le langage est plutôt agréable.\n\nCela dit, ce désintérêt pour JS s’explique probablement par le profil des répondants : la majorité sont des ingénieurs travaillant dans le domaine du calcul scientifique ou des éléments finis, plutôt que du développement web frontend.\nConcernant la répartition par niveau d’expérience, elle semble assez équilibrée : entre les jeunes (Student), les moyens jeunes (Junior + Intermediate), et les vieux (Senior), tout le monde est représenté 😄.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":19,"value":"

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":119,"value":"## Un peu plus dans le détail","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":121,"value":"Les donuts, c’est sympa… mais allons un peu plus loin et essayons de creuser davantage les données. \nCommençons par examiner, **pour chaque langage**, la distribution des votes en fonction du **niveau d’expérience** des répondants.\n\n> Au passage, vous pouvez admirer en action la magnifique librairie `Plot` d’Observable. \n> Elle a le bon goût d’être **à la fois simple à utiliser** et **capable de produire des visualisations de grande qualité** (avis personnel mais assumé 😄).\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":65,"value":"Plot.plot({\n width: 1000,\n x: {label: \"Niveau\"},\n y: {label: \"Nombre\", grid: true},\n color: {scheme: \"spectral\", legend: true},\n marks: [\n Plot.barY(data, Plot.groupX({y: \"count\"}, {\n x: \"Level\",\n fill: \"Level\",\n fx: \"Langage\",\n tip: true,\n sort: {fx: \"-y\"}\n })),\n Plot.ruleY([0])\n ]\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":186,"value":"Ce graphique met en lumière un point assez clair : **le choix de Python est fortement porté par les étudiants**. \nC’est plutôt logique : pour beaucoup, c’est **LE** langage enseigné à l’école, et celui dont on entend le plus parler en début de parcours.\n\nCe qui m’étonne davantage, c’est la répartition des votes pour **Rust**. On pourrait s’attendre à ce que ce langage, porté par une hype réelle ces dernières années, attire les plus jeunes. Et pourtant, seuls des profils **intermédiaires et seniors** l’ont choisi. \nJe m’attendais à plus de curiosité pour la nouveauté chez les étudiants.\n\n---\n\nOn peut aussi inverser la lecture : \n**pour chaque niveau d’expérience**, quelle est la répartition des langages choisis ?\n\nLà encore, Python domine largement chez les étudiants. \nMais plus on monte en expérience, plus **l’écart entre Python et C** tend à se réduire, notamment chez les profils **junior et intermédiaire**. Cela peut refléter une plus grande diversité de parcours et d’usages avec l’expérience.\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":124,"value":"Plot.plot({\n width: 1000,\n x: {label: \"Langage\"},\n y: {label: \"Nombre\", grid: true},\n color: {scheme: \"spectral\", legend: true},\n marks: [\n Plot.barY(data, Plot.groupX({y: \"count\"}, {\n x: \"Langage\",\n fill: \"Langage\",\n fx: \"Level\",\n tip: true,\n sort: {fx: \"-y\"}\n })),\n Plot.ruleY([0])\n ]\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":320,"value":"## 🔀 Explorer les flux","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":301,"value":"\nPour finir, voici une nouvelle visualisation des mêmes données, sous une forme un peu moins conventionnelle : \nun **diagramme de Sankey** — pour les curieux, [Wikipedia](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagramme_de_Sankey) est votre ami.\n\nCette fois-ci, ce n’est **pas `Plot`** qui est utilisé, mais directement la librairie **`d3`**, la référence ultime pour les visualisations interactives en JavaScript. \n> La courbe d’apprentissage est un peu plus raide que pour `Plot`, mais elle permet des rendus vraiment puissants et personnalisés.\n\nIci, vous pouvez explorer les flux entre :\n- **Niveau d’expérience** → **Langage choisi** → **Contexte professionnel**\n\nEt surtout, profitez de l’interactivité ! \n👉 Cliquez sur un langage pour mettre en évidence les flux entrants et sortants correspondants.\n\n> Petit coup de cœur personnel pour cette vue : c’est une belle synthèse visuelle et ça donne une impression assez claire de la dynamique entre profils, choix de langage et secteurs 🤯 ","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":146,"value":"makeSankeyGraph(sankeyData)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":303,"value":"Et juste pour le plaisir de la comparaison, voici à nouveau le diagramme de Sankey, \nmais cette fois en filtrant les données pour retirer les étudiants des réponses.\nL’idée ici n’est pas de tirer une conclusion formelle, mais simplement de voir à quoi ressemblerait la dynamique des choix si l’on ne considérait que les profils plus expérimentés.\nSpoiler : l’écart Python / C devient un peu plus serré 😉","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":213,"value":"makeSankeyGraph(dataNoStudentSankey)","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":322,"value":"## Conclusion \n\nEn résumé, ce sondage ne prétend pas à l’exhaustivité, mais il illustre quelques tendances intéressantes dans mon réseau :\nPython reste ultra-dominant, les étudiants l’adorent, C résiste bien chez les profils expérimentés, et Rust intrigue… mais pas encore les plus jeunes.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":58,"value":"## Annexes (les trucs à ne pas regarder 😉)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":305,"value":"Ici, on retrouve tous les bouts de code un peu \"sales\", qu’on n’a pas forcément envie de mettre en avant… \nMais si vous êtes curieux et que vous voulez comprendre **comment fonctionne `d3`**, c’est ici que ça se passe !\n\n> Petite remarque au passage : vous avez peut-être remarqué qu’on **définit ici des éléments utilisés dans des cellules précédentes**. \n> Et oui, Observable propose un **système de gestion de dépendances entre cellules très élégant**, \n> ce qui permet de construire un notebook **non linéaire** : on peut afficher les résultats en haut, et reléguer tout le code technique en bas du document.\n\nUne approche top quand on veut allier **exploration interactive** et **présentation propre** ✨\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":13,"value":"data = FileAttachment(\"data_survey_linkedin@4.csv\").csv({typed: true})\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":255,"value":"// Aggregate data for waffle plot \nsurvey = {\n\n let nb_python = 0;\n let nb_old = 0; \n let nb_indus =0;\n for(const row of data){\n if(row.Langage === \"Python\"){\n nb_python+=1;\n }\n if(row.JobContext === \"Indus\" || row.JobContext === \"AcaDus\"){\n nb_indus+=1;\n }\n if( row.Level===\"Senior\" || row.Level===\"Intermediate\"){\n nb_old += 1;\n }\n }\n\n const res = [{\"question\": \"des personnes choisiraient Python pour tout recommencer\", \"yes\": nb_python, \"size\": 101},\n {\"question\": \"des personnes ayant répondu travaillent dans un contexte industriel\", \"yes\": nb_indus, \"size\":101},\n {\"question\": \"des personnes ont plus de 3 ans d'expérience\", \"yes\": nb_old, \"size\":101}]\n\n return res;\n }","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":15,"value":"$4c","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":24,"value":"langageCounts = data.reduce((acc, d) => {\n acc[d.Langage] = (acc[d.Langage] || 0) + 1;\n return acc;\n}, {});\n","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":94,"value":"levelCounts = data.reduce((acc, d) => {\n acc[d.Level] = (acc[d.Level] || 0) + 1;\n return acc;\n}, {});","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":22,"value":"makeChart1(langageCounts, \"#dataviz1\")","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":98,"value":"makeChart1(levelCounts, \"#dataviz2\")","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":194,"value":"dataAggregateIndus = data.map((d) => {\n if( d.JobContext === \"AcaDus\"){\n d.JobContext = \"Indus\";\n }\n return d;\n })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":224,"value":"**Load d3 modules**","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":149,"value":"d3 = require(\"d3@5\", \"d3-sankey@0.12\")","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":203,"value":"makeSankeyData = (data, columns)=>{\n\n const links = new Map();\n const nodeNames = new Set();\n\n for (const row of data) {\n for (let i = 0; i < columns.length - 1; i++) {\n const source = row[columns[i]];\n const target = row[columns[i + 1]];\n\n // On s'assure que tous les noms de nœuds sont uniques\n nodeNames.add(source);\n nodeNames.add(target);\n\n // On compte les liens\n const key = JSON.stringify([source, target]);\n links.set(key, (links.get(key) || 0) + 1);\n }\n }\n\n // On crée la liste des nœuds\n const nodes = Array.from(nodeNames).map(name => ({ name }));\n\n // On crée la liste des liens EN GARDANT LES NOMS (la correction est ici)\n const linkArray = Array.from(links, ([key, value]) => {\n const [source, target] = JSON.parse(key);\n return {\n source, // On utilise le nom directement\n target, // On utilise le nom directement\n value\n };\n });\n\n return { nodes, links: linkArray };\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":210,"value":"$4d","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":126,"value":"sankeyData = makeSankeyData(dataAggregateIndus, [\"Level\", \"Langage\", \"JobContext\"])","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":201,"value":"dataNoStudent = data.filter((d)=>d.Level !== \"Student\");","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":206,"value":"dataNoStudentSankey = makeSankeyData(dataNoStudent, [\"Level\", \"Langage\", \"JobContext\"])","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"}],"files":"$W4e","stdlib":"1"}} 24:null