2c:null 2d:["$","title",null,{"children":"ᨒ Matterhorn: 3D Contour Map | Christophe Yamahata | Observable"}] 32:T91a,Matterhorn = { const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true }); const controls = new THREE.OrbitControls(camera, renderer.domElement); // Configure controls based on user preferences if (!unlockRotation) { const lockFactor = 1.069; controls.minPolarAngle = lockFactor * Math.PI / 2; controls.maxPolarAngle = lockFactor * Math.PI / 2; } controls.enableZoom = unlockZoom; controls.enablePan = false; let gltfModel; const loadModel = async () => { // Remove existing model if loaded if (gltfModel) { scene.remove(gltfModel); } const zipUrl = await FileAttachment("Matterhorn.zip").url(); const response = await fetch(zipUrl); const blob = await response.blob(); const zip = await jszip.loadAsync(blob); // Load the zip file using JSZip const glbFile = zip.file("Matterhorn.glb"); const glbData = await glbFile.async("blob"); const glbUrl = URL.createObjectURL(glbData); const loader = new THREE.GLTFLoader(); loader.load(glbUrl, (gltf) => { gltfModel = gltf.scene; // Set initial transformation properties const scale = 0.0595; gltfModel.scale.set(scale, scale, scale); gltfModel.rotation.set(Math.PI / 2, 0.999 * Math.PI, 0); gltfModel.position.set(-0.015, 0.08, -0.44); // Set material properties gltfModel.traverse((child) => { if (child.isMesh && child.material) { child.material.transparent = true; child.material.opacity = modelOpacity.value; } }); scene.add(gltfModel); renderer.render(scene, camera); }); }; loadModel(); // Update model opacity on input change modelOpacity.addEventListener('input', () => { if (gltfModel) { gltfModel.traverse((child) => { if (child.isMesh && child.material) { child.material.opacity = modelOpacity.value; } }); renderer.render(scene, camera); } }); controls.addEventListener("change", () => { renderer.render(scene, camera); }); // Cleanup on cell invalidation invalidation.then(() => { controls.dispose(); renderer.dispose(); }); renderer.setSize(width, height); renderer.setPixelRatio(devicePixelRatio); 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This 3D view highlights its East and North faces as seen from the Zermatt region.\n\nThe model is based on Swisstopo’s Digital Height Model DHM25, with a 25-meter grid resolution.\n
➤ Explore this notebook for a detailed contour map of the Matterhorn.\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":248,"value":"$32","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1413,"value":"viewof backgroundColor = Inputs.color({label: \"Background color\", value: \"#eceef4\"})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1436,"value":"viewof colorStyle = Inputs.select(colorSchemes, {\n label: \"Select a color style\",\n format: d => d.name,\n value: colorSchemes.find(p => p.name === \"PuOr\")\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":911,"value":"viewof interval = Inputs.range([0.5, 20], {value: 1, step: 0.5, label: html`Contour intervals
(in meters)`})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1487,"value":"modelOpacity = Inputs.range([0, 1], {value: 0.1, step: 0.1, label: html`3D scan
model opacity`})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":877,"value":"viewof unlockZoom = Inputs.toggle({\n label: htl.html`Unlock the zoom`,\n value: true\n});","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":873,"value":"viewof unlockRotation = Inputs.toggle({\n label: htl.html`Unlock all rotations`,\n value: false\n});","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":921,"value":"---","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":583,"value":"## 1. Data File\n*To download the data, check the* ᥫ *file pane*.\n\nThe map utilizes data from an ASCII file (see `dataFile`) organized in XYZ format:\n* **X** and **Y** represent coordinates in the Swiss coordinate system.\n* **Z** indicates the elevation at each specific (X, Y) coordinate, measured in meters.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":318,"value":"dataFile = FileAttachment(\"DHM_xyz_Matterhorn.txt\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":320,"value":"parsedData = (await dataFile.text()).trim().split(\"\\n\").slice(1).map(line => {\n const [x, y, z] = line.split(/\\s+/).map(Number);\n return { x, y, z };\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":929,"value":"The *x* and *y* coordinates will be omitted. We reorganize the *z* data into an 80 × 80 grid (`rawData2DGrid`), covering an area of 2 km by 2 km with a 25-meter grid resolution (`gridResolutionMeters`):","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":323,"value":"rawData2DGrid = {\n const grid = {};\n \n // Traverse the dataset and populate the grid\n parsedData.forEach(({ x, y, z }) => {\n if (!grid[x]) grid[x] = {};\n grid[x][y] = z;\n });\n\n // Convert the grid object to a 2D array\n const rows = Object.keys(grid).map(x => {\n const row = Object.keys(grid[x]).map(y => grid[x][y]);\n return row;\n });\n\n\n return rows; \n \n};","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":452,"value":"gridResolutionMeters = 25 // 25-m grid","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":945,"value":"To simplify data manipulation, we will use the `rawData` object, which organizes the grid dimensions and *z* data values:","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":588,"value":"flatData = parsedData.map(d => d.z);","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":29,"value":"rawData = Object({\n \"gridWidth\": rawData2DGrid.flat().length / rawData2DGrid.length,\n \"gridHeight\": rawData2DGrid.length,\n \"data\": flatData,\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":50,"value":"## 2. Contours, Colors and Scaling\nSince we are working with data organized in a regular grid of values, we can utilize `d3.contours()` to compute contour lines. The `d3.contours()` function efficiently generates contours from a 2D array of values and creates paths for visualization. The *thresholds* option allows us to specify a range of contour values.\n
➤ Refer to this notebook for details about the procedure.\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":57,"value":"// Min/max elevation\nelevationRange = d3.extent(rawData.data)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":92,"value":"// Thresholds for contour\nthresholds = d3.range(Math.floor(elevationRange[0]/interval)*interval, elevationRange[1] + interval, interval)\n .map(value => parseFloat(value.toFixed(1))); // Format each number to one decimal place","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":53,"value":"contours = d3.contours()\n .size([rawData.gridWidth, rawData.gridHeight])\n .thresholds(thresholds)\n (rawData.data);","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":620,"value":"interpolateTerrain = {\n const i0 = d3.interpolateHsvLong(d3.hsv(120, 1, 0.65), d3.hsv(60, 1, 0.90));\n const i1 = d3.interpolateHsvLong(d3.hsv(60, 1, 0.90), d3.hsv(0, 0, 0.95));\n return t => t < 0.5 ? i0(t * 2) : i1((t - 0.5) * 2);\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1438,"value":"colorSchemes = [\n {name: \"Cividis\", value: d3.interpolateCividis}, \n {name: \"Viridis\", value: d3.interpolateViridis},\n {name: \"Inferno\", value: d3.interpolateInferno},\n {name: \"Magma\", value: d3.interpolateMagma}, \n {name: \"Plasma\", value: d3.interpolatePlasma}, \n {name: \"Green / Yellow / Pink\", value: interpolateTerrain},\n {name: \"BrBg\", value: d3.interpolateBrBG}, \n {name: \"PuOr\", value: d3.interpolatePuOr}, \n {name: \"RdYlBu\", value: d3.interpolateRdYlBu},\n]","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":116,"value":"// Color scale with elevation normalization\ncolor = d3.scaleSequential(colorStyle.value).domain(d3.extent(rawData.data)).nice()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":192,"value":"## 3. Three.js\nAs illustrated in this Observable collection, *Threes.js* is an excellent JavaScript library for embedding 3D models within notebooks.\n
➤ 3D model of the Matterhorn downloaded from Sketchfab (Ricardo Garnica).\n
➤ Some of the code provided below is sourced from the forked notebook titled “Contoured mountainious terrain 3D”.\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":602,"value":"width = 900","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":210,"value":"height = 600","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":212,"value":"function createLine(points, color) {\n const geometry = new THREE.BufferGeometry().setFromPoints(points);\n const material = new THREE.LineBasicMaterial({color: color, blending: THREE.MultiplyBlending});\n return new THREE.Line(geometry, material);\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":143,"value":"// https://observablehq.com/@sw1227/contoured-mountainious-terrai-3d\n// Scale function for coordinates in contour\n// (Without scaling, coordinates correspond to index)\nfunction scaleContour(contours, scale) {\n return contours.map(({type, value, coordinates}) => (\n {type, value, coordinates: coordinates.map(rings => (\n rings.map(points => (\n points.map(([x, y]) => ([\n x*scale, y*scale\n ]))\n ))\n ))}\n ));\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":278,"value":"// Scale xy cooridinates to [0, 1]\nscaledContours = scaleContour(contours, 1/rawData.gridWidth)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":242,"value":"// With `heightScale`, we ensure that the 3D model maintains uniform scaling.\n// grid: 80 x 80 / 25-m grid size <=> 2000 m x 2000 m \n// elevRange[1]-elevRange[0] = 1505.798 m\nheightScale = d => (d-elevationRange[0]) / (gridResolutionMeters * rawData.gridWidth)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":283,"value":"// 3D lineString meshes of contours\ncontourLineStrings = { \n const lines = [];\n scaledContours.forEach(polygon => {\n const lineColor = color(polygon.value);\n\n polygon.coordinates.forEach(rings => {\n rings.forEach(points => {\n const points3 = points.map(([x, y]) => new THREE.Vector3(y - 0.5, x - 0.5, heightScale(polygon.value) - 0.5));\n \n // Use the createLine function to generate a line mesh\n lines.push(createLine(points3, lineColor));\n });\n });\n });\n return lines;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":208,"value":"camera = {\n const fov = 5;\n const aspect = width / height;\n const near = 0.01;\n const far = 10000;\n const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(fov, aspect, near, far);\n camera.position.set(7, 6, -1);\n camera.up.set(0, 0, 1);\n camera.lookAt(scene.position);\n return camera;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":195,"value":"scene = {\n const scene = new THREE.Scene();\n scene.background = new THREE.Color(backgroundColor);\n \n contourLineStrings.forEach(l => scene.add(l));\n return scene;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":16,"value":"---\n## Libraries","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":12,"value":"d3 = require(\"d3@5\", \"d3-hsv@0.1.0/build/d3-hsv.min.js\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":204,"value":"THREE = {\n // import threejs\n const three = await require(\"three@0.139.2\");\n window.THREE = three;\n\n // import plugins\n await require(\"three@0.139.2/examples/js/controls/OrbitControls.js\").catch((e) => { console.warn(e) });\n await require(\"three@0.139.2/examples/js/loaders/GLTFLoader\").catch((e) => { console.warn(e) });\n\n console.log(three);\n return three;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1494,"value":"// jszip = require(\"https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jszip/3.10.1/jszip.min.js\");\njszip = require( await FileAttachment(\"jszip.min.js\").url())","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"}],"files":"$W33","stdlib":"1"}} 31:"$30:body"