2e:null 2f:["$","title",null,{"children":"Map of cumulative carbon dioxide emissions over the course of a year | Climate Lab | Observable"}] 34:T424,legend = () => { return html`

CO2 emitted by:

Fossil fuels

Fire

Plants

Oceans

` }35:T4c6,data = ({ "January": await FileAttachment("GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20210101_0000z.csv").csv({ typed: true }), "February": await FileAttachment("GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20210201_0000z.csv").csv({ typed: true }), "March": await FileAttachment("GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20210301_0000z.csv").csv({ typed: true }), "April": await FileAttachment("GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20210401_0000z.csv").csv({ typed: true }), "May": await FileAttachment("GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20210501_0000z.csv").csv({ typed: true }), "June": await FileAttachment("GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20210601_0000z.csv").csv({ typed: true }), "July": await FileAttachment("GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20210701_0000z.csv").csv({ typed: true }), "August": await FileAttachment("GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20210801_0000z.csv").csv({ typed: true }), "September": await FileAttachment("GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20210901_0000z.csv").csv({ typed: true }), "October": await FileAttachment("GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20211001_0000z.csv").csv({ typed: true }), "November": await FileAttachment("GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20211101_0000z.csv").csv({ typed: true }), "December": await FileAttachment("GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20211201_0000z.csv").csv({ typed: true }) })[month]36:[{"id":"653c73213c28367119e580bfdebc687c3909b99aeaf48f61e5076fe8153bb8a5c47647ccb7c387931982478aabd8c8d2759eecbdf762deac801fff5e63070719","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/653c73213c28367119e580bfdebc687c3909b99aeaf48f61e5076fe8153bb8a5c47647ccb7c387931982478aabd8c8d2759eecbdf762deac801fff5e63070719","name":"ne_110m_land.json","type":"application/json","lastModified":1706663126111.222,"size":58965},{"id":"720bf9da3abbf8e64cabec7522bf770e9fed24b205416b57900957d48fe6ec1614c3bf1fe0cfc78baa494000eb52f270f800eea12f0634ca4aa1da2982d2d102","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/720bf9da3abbf8e64cabec7522bf770e9fed24b205416b57900957d48fe6ec1614c3bf1fe0cfc78baa494000eb52f270f800eea12f0634ca4aa1da2982d2d102","name":"GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20210201_0000z.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1706667351450.352,"size":14664043},{"id":"a648a326aac901430a190e00ea8248c5bcae84fd186654f8358f19b89472b1164506cbda61cc720e761327a621ff6946e0a5cc2efc7ac9c95de7614b25a5cce4","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/a648a326aac901430a190e00ea8248c5bcae84fd186654f8358f19b89472b1164506cbda61cc720e761327a621ff6946e0a5cc2efc7ac9c95de7614b25a5cce4","name":"GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20210101_0000z.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1706667325828.753,"size":14654976},{"id":"8ef8f22a3ae886c696e0127b75a76219505143ac7606d47e82d4061fe9b9f4ac897c993fd634d0a093bcc929f0320ab7f053108d0d8f72b0afa3474c6ab58ecf","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/8ef8f22a3ae886c696e0127b75a76219505143ac7606d47e82d4061fe9b9f4ac897c993fd634d0a093bcc929f0320ab7f053108d0d8f72b0afa3474c6ab58ecf","name":"GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20210301_0000z.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1706667381844.875,"size":14652837},{"id":"0d2e076b63ec7a7c2a4ec00f91b53b00ff0e7e62cab8f0587a25369b7792a4fc364c24ac77a77b8b2c06967d0e3af51c20ec623655d7d68bada5e56b63a63883","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/0d2e076b63ec7a7c2a4ec00f91b53b00ff0e7e62cab8f0587a25369b7792a4fc364c24ac77a77b8b2c06967d0e3af51c20ec623655d7d68bada5e56b63a63883","name":"GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20210401_0000z.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1706667406137.258,"size":14628208},{"id":"73e3422eade0cc51e243630a0545d4c12fe7e8223fafd56d36c6811685cc536c0d814f316dfe73100783f609e5ac93d61cc37428d2ae826c5862ab699c771e7a","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/73e3422eade0cc51e243630a0545d4c12fe7e8223fafd56d36c6811685cc536c0d814f316dfe73100783f609e5ac93d61cc37428d2ae826c5862ab699c771e7a","name":"GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20210501_0000z.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1706667437272.345,"size":14622244},{"id":"fb8fbef0b3b7d9e401b84e3ef4971f5cb2e5976a77338f3c00c0be1574917738cb9ba9a651278964c839747b04273e985d7ab2eb9f2b69aca211280694c76eed","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/fb8fbef0b3b7d9e401b84e3ef4971f5cb2e5976a77338f3c00c0be1574917738cb9ba9a651278964c839747b04273e985d7ab2eb9f2b69aca211280694c76eed","name":"GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20210601_0000z.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1706667454349.619,"size":14664291},{"id":"7e773ceaf2a914a237fc7f333d2c4deaf1f21e4e37f029807213f2d63909467efe27305993579f133b0f32b12ebd88b38d3590b93c92dba7c843f809cb1dc6a1","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/7e773ceaf2a914a237fc7f333d2c4deaf1f21e4e37f029807213f2d63909467efe27305993579f133b0f32b12ebd88b38d3590b93c92dba7c843f809cb1dc6a1","name":"GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20210701_0000z.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1706667471532.184,"size":14668182},{"id":"cbd8a8be07e509fdfea52953c02ba1a7f6bfb824b622666d41fd6e839215cb094a3f31e9fc5d6b6054eefeb979b5236b827270ab139ad36a250f379a70b7e52c","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/cbd8a8be07e509fdfea52953c02ba1a7f6bfb824b622666d41fd6e839215cb094a3f31e9fc5d6b6054eefeb979b5236b827270ab139ad36a250f379a70b7e52c","name":"GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20210801_0000z.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1706667495461.956,"size":14672563},{"id":"ba8949241574532f0f7fac2ab014f2d1bf88ec91f89f2f80784b90d9c6435c0d13e436879bf6815cd985f742761c978ecc7217a40509a4d6ef9f6ad9a98d9f9a","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/ba8949241574532f0f7fac2ab014f2d1bf88ec91f89f2f80784b90d9c6435c0d13e436879bf6815cd985f742761c978ecc7217a40509a4d6ef9f6ad9a98d9f9a","name":"GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20211001_0000z.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1706667535759.45,"size":14651451},{"id":"4a057f2abc04e9dd033d0c1410be86a731a2a74a0591154f928832b924b2b9177f6cee2c7d2d80f33d4d97a9d857d5b853dd4b940ff638b7dd7c9615e62c8b21","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/4a057f2abc04e9dd033d0c1410be86a731a2a74a0591154f928832b924b2b9177f6cee2c7d2d80f33d4d97a9d857d5b853dd4b940ff638b7dd7c9615e62c8b21","name":"GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20210901_0000z.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1706667515305.748,"size":14692744},{"id":"833b21fa300fd1568d180aa20c7d9674e5d73652cf20708e06cbe81ee6441c5e43c1729d33d6957711abf402ae402cfb69c337745923e6ffd2d7871d0faeea99","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/833b21fa300fd1568d180aa20c7d9674e5d73652cf20708e06cbe81ee6441c5e43c1729d33d6957711abf402ae402cfb69c337745923e6ffd2d7871d0faeea99","name":"GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20211101_0000z.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1706667570304.332,"size":14683540},{"id":"0a55dc95d37e7d5ba6de6df800a5322faf95e743cf4cf700a23d4e655fc07488c42cba1699da5524ef0835bb105f7b800328d8d6f1f74e7fd88c74981462cbbb","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/0a55dc95d37e7d5ba6de6df800a5322faf95e743cf4cf700a23d4e655fc07488c42cba1699da5524ef0835bb105f7b800328d8d6f1f74e7fd88c74981462cbbb","name":"GEOS_CO2.tagged_co2_cl.20211201_0000z.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1706667589920.642,"size":14654767}] 32:{"id":"efd7f3103e0bc1bf","slug":"map-of-cumulative-carbon-dioxide-emissions-over-the-course","title":"Map of cumulative carbon dioxide emissions over the course of a year","thumbnail":"bde1c982d19214c5c726ca4cba131e483bb889df1a34ddc08383061ed353177c","access_level":"public","create_time":"$D2024-01-31T01:05:26.111Z","update_time":"$D2024-03-23T00:49:13.796Z","view_time":null,"first_public_time":"$D2024-02-01T12:09:31.696Z","has_unpublished_edits":null,"fork":true,"stars":1,"starred":false,"owner":{"type":"team","id":"650e68a1afc4786b","login":"climatelab","name":"Climate Lab","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/b06f29c9ebba5f82bb96583af4e514bf21938607389bae332427fac99185246f","tier":"starter_2024"},"version":1239,"publish_version":null,"role":null,"authored":false,"authors":[{"type":"individual","id":"61e2153e05789733","login":"harrystevens","name":"Harry Stevens","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/bc9bae4b7e30062b343ae978a13454e29cd3f2daf3a800d0024043686ddf094b","tier":null}],"members":[{"type":"team","id":"650e68a1afc4786b","login":"climatelab","name":"Climate Lab","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/b06f29c9ebba5f82bb96583af4e514bf21938607389bae332427fac99185246f","tier":"starter_2024","role":"editor"}],"comments":[],"custom_thumbnail":false,"trashed":false,"lapsed":null,"subscribed":null,"forks":2,"collection":null,"type":"notebook","body":{"title":"Map of cumulative carbon dioxide emissions over the course of a year","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"# Map of cumulative carbon dioxide emissions over the course of a year\n\nThis notebook shows how to make a map of tagged carbon dioxide emissions, using [data from NASA](https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/gmaoftp/lott/svs/tagged_co2/). This technique was used to make the spinning globe seen in the article “[Watch the Earth breathe for one year. This is why the world is warming.](https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/interactive/2024/carbon-dioxide-emissions-source-earth/)”, published in The Washington Post on Feb. 1, 2024. I created an image for every 3 hours over the course of the year and stitched them together into a video using [ffmpeg](https://ffmpeg.org/). Then I wrapped the equirectangular map around a WebGL globe using [this technique from Jeremy Ashkenas](https://observablehq.com/@jashkenas/watch-the-smoke-from-australias-bushfires-swirl-across-the).\n\nBelow, I've added a dropdown menu to let you see what the map looks like on the first day of each month of the year.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1161,"value":"viewof month = Inputs.select([\"January\", \"February\", \"March\", \"April\", \"May\", \"June\", \"July\", \"August\", \"September\", \"October\", \"November\", \"December\"], { label: \"Select month:\" })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1194,"value":"legend()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1181,"value":"map()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1234,"value":"toc({\n heading: \"Jump to:\",\n selector: \"h2\"\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1179,"value":"## Graphics","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1191,"value":"$34","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":464,"value":"map = () => {\n const context = DOM.context2d(width, height);\n\n context.fillStyle = background;\n context.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);\n\n data\n .forEach((d, i) => {\n const [px, py] = projection([d.longitude, d.latitude]);\n const c = color(d);\n context.fillStyle = c;\n const w = cellwidth * 2;\n const h = cellheight * 2;\n context.fillRect(px - w / 2, py - h / 2, w, h);\n if (d.longitude === lonMax) {\n context.fillStyle = c;\n context.fillRect(px, py, w, h);\n }\n });\n\n context.lineWidth = 1;\n path.context(context)\n context.strokeStyle = \"#9f9f9f\";\n context.beginPath(), path(land), context.stroke();\n return context.canvas;\n}","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":17,"value":"## Geo","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":46,"value":"land = topojson.feature(ne_110m_land, ne_110m_land.objects.ne_110m_land)","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":44,"value":"ne_110m_land = FileAttachment(\"ne_110m_land.json\").json()","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":31,"value":"projection = d3.geoEquirectangular()\n .fitSize([width, height], { type: \"Sphere\" })","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":69,"value":"path = d3.geoPath(projection)","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":15,"value":"## Color","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":610,"value":"scale = d3.scaleLinear().domain(domain)","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1214,"value":"background = \"#0b2034\"","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":556,"value":"colors = ({\n \"FF\": \"#ede46c\",\n \"BB\": \"#ee242a\",\n \"NEE\": \"#68c6ba\",\n \"OCN\": \"#707cc2\"\n})","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":456,"value":"colorString = colorObject => `rgba(${colorObject.r}, ${colorObject.g}, ${colorObject.b}, ${colorObject.a})`","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":423,"value":"colorObject = color => {\n const c = d3.color(color);\n return {\n r: isNaN(c.r) ? 0 : c.r,\n g: isNaN(c.g) ? 0 : c.g,\n b: isNaN(c.b) ? 0 : c.b,\n a: c.opacity\n }\n}","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":612,"value":"makeColor = (value, color) => {\n const c = d3.rgb(color)\n c.opacity = scale(value)\n return colorObject(c)\n}","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":413,"value":"color = d => { \n const cBB = makeColor(d.bb, colors.BB);\n const cFF = makeColor(d.ff, colors.FF);\n const cNEE = makeColor(d.nee, colors.NEE);\n const cOCN = makeColor(d.ocn, colors.OCN);\n\n const C = [cBB, cFF, cNEE, cOCN]; // array of colors\n let blendedColor = C[0]; // start with the first color \n \n for (let i = 1; i < C.length; i++) {\n blendedColor = colorBlend[mixBlendMode](blendedColor, C[i]);\n }\n\n return colorString(blendedColor);\n}","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":317,"value":"mixBlendMode = \"multiply\"","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":533,"value":"domain = [0, 0.000019]","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":33,"value":"## Dimensions","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":35,"value":"aspect = 0.5","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":37,"value":"height = width * aspect","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":891,"value":"cellwidth = width / X.length","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":855,"value":"cellheight = height / Y.length","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":13,"value":"## Data","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":5,"value":"$35","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1070,"value":"lonMax = d3.max(data, d => d.longitude)","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":27,"value":"Y = d3.groups(data, d => d.latitude).map(d => d[0])","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":76,"value":"X = d3.groups(data, d => d.longitude).map(d => d[0])","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":102,"value":"## Imports","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":140,"value":"colorBlend = require(\"color-blend@4\")","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1197,"value":"import { franklinLight } from \"@climatelab/fonts\"","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1232,"value":"import { toc } from \"@climatelab/toc\"","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"}],"files":"$W36","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}} 33:"$32:body"