41:null 42:["$","title",null,{"children":"Rap Over Time - A Textual Data Analysis | Columbia Data Viz Sp21 | Observable"}] 48:T257a,timeline = { const width = 900; const height = 2050; const font = "Futura" const svg = d3.select(DOM.svg(width,height)); var lastYear = '1969'; var arr = []; var eras = ["Foundation", "Golden", "Millenial", "Zoomer"]; const chartBackground = svg.append("rect") .attr("id", "chart-background") .attr("fill", "#edf3fa") // fallback for CSS .attr("x", 0) .attr("y", 0) .attr("width", width) .attr("height", height); svg.append('text') .attr("x", width/8) .attr("y", 70) .text("Hip-Hop in the United States") .attr("font-family", font) .style("font-size", "30px") .attr("font-weight", "bold"); svg.append('text') .attr("x", width/8) .attr("y", 105) .text("A Brief Timeline") .attr("font-family", font) .style("fill", "gray") .style("font-size", "22px"); svg.append('line') .attr("x1", width/4) .attr("y1", 167) .attr("x2", width/4) .attr("y2", height - 142) .attr("stroke-width", ".3px") .style("stroke", "#828a94"); for (var i = 0; i lastYear) { svg.append("text") .attr("x", width/4 - 50) .attr("y", 193+(20*i)) .text(csv[i]["Date"]) .attr("font-family", font) .style("font-size", "12px"); lastYear = csv[i]["Date"]; if (lastYear == "1978" || lastYear == "1989" || lastYear == "1999" || lastYear == "2013" || lastYear == "2020"){ arr.push(193+(20*i)) } } svg.append("text") .attr("x", width/4 + 20) .attr("y", 193+(20*i)) .attr("class", "hover") .attr("id", "event".concat(String(i))) .text(csv[i]["Event"]) .attr("font-family", font) .style("font-size", "9px"); } arr.push(height-142); for (var i = 0; i<4; i++) { svg.append("line") .attr("x1", (5/6)*width) .attr("y1", arr[i]) .attr("x2", (5/6)*width) .attr("y2", arr[i+1] - 10) .attr("id", "eraLine".concat(String(i))) .style("stroke", "#446285"); svg.append("text") .attr("x", (5/6)*width + 5) .attr("y", arr[i] + 14) .style("stroke", colors_final[i]) .attr("font-size", "14px") .attr("font-weight", "bold") .attr("font-family", font) .attr("class", "era".concat(String(i))) .text(eras[i]); for(var j = 0; j<10; j++) { if (i == 0) { svg.append("text") .attr("x", (5/6)*width + 5) .attr("y", arr[i] + 28 + 12*j) .attr("font-size", "10px") .attr("font-family", font) .attr("class", "era".concat(String(i))) .text(foundation[j]); } else if (i == 1) { svg.append("text") .attr("x", (5/6)*width + 5) .attr("y", arr[i] + 28 + 12*j) .attr("font-family", font) .attr("font-size", "10px") .attr("class", "era".concat(String(i))) .text(golden[j]); } else if (i == 2) { svg.append("text") .attr("x", (5/6)*width + 5) .attr("y", arr[i] + 28 + 12*j) .attr("font-family", font) .attr("font-size", "10px") .attr("class", "era".concat(String(i))) .text(millenial[j]); } else if (i == 3) { svg.append("text") .attr("x", (5/6)*width + 5) .attr("y", arr[i] + 28 + 12*j) .attr("font-family", font) .attr("font-size", "10px") .attr("class", "era".concat(String(i))) .text(zoomer[j]); } } } var indexx; svg.selectAll('.hover') .on("mouseover", function(d) { d3.select(this) .attr("fill", "gray"); if ((this.id).includes("event")) { d3.select("#".concat((this.id).replace("event", "circle"))) .attr("fill", "gray"); console.log("ok") indexx = parseInt(this.id.replace("event", '')) } else { d3.select("#".concat((this.id).replace("circle", "event"))) .attr("fill", "gray"); console.log("yippie") indexx = parseInt(this.id.replace("circle", '')) } if (csv[indexx]["Date"] <= "1988" && csv[indexx]["Date"] >= "1979" ){ d3.selectAll(".era0") .attr("fill", colors_final[0]); d3.select("#eraLine0") .style("stroke", "lavender"); } else if (csv[indexx]["Date"] <= "1998" && csv[indexx]["Date"] >= "1989" ){ d3.selectAll(".era1") .attr("fill", colors_final[1]); d3.select("#eraLine1") .style("stroke", "lavender"); } else if (csv[indexx]["Date"] <= "2012" && csv[indexx]["Date"] >= "1999" ){ d3.selectAll(".era2") .attr("fill", colors_final[2]); d3.select("#eraLine2") .style("stroke", "lavender"); } else if (csv[indexx]["Date"] >= "2013"){ d3.selectAll(".era3") .attr("fill", colors_final[3]); d3.select("#eraLine3") .style("stroke", "lavender"); } var xpos = parseFloat(d3.select(this).attr("x")) ; var ypos = parseFloat(d3.select(this).attr("y")); // Create the tooltip label as an SVG group `tgrp` with a text and a rect inside var tgrp = svg.append("g") .attr("id", "tooltip") .attr("transform", (d, i) => `translate(${xpos},${ypos})`); tgrp.append("rect") // .attr("width", "160px") // .attr("height", "22px") // .attr("fill", "#f7f7f7") // tgrp.append("text") // .attr("x", 5) // .attr("y", 14) // .attr("text-anchor", "left") // .attr("font-family", "Times") // .attr("font-weight", "bold") // .attr("font-size", "11px") // .attr("fill", "black") // .text(function() { // // if (csv[indexx]["Date"] <= "1988" && csv[indexx]["Date"] >= "1979" ){ // // return "Foundation" // // } // // else if (csv[indexx]["Date"] <= "1998" && csv[indexx]["Date"] >= "1989" ){ // // return "Golden" // // } // // else if (csv[indexx]["Date"] <= "2012" && csv[indexx]["Date"] >= "1999" ){ // // return "Millenial" // // } // // else if (csv[indexx]["Date"] >= "2013"){ // // return "Zoomer" // // } // return csv[indexx]["Event Description"] //}) }) .on("mouseout", function(d) { d3.select("#tooltip").remove(); d3.select(this) // see note above .transition().duration(1);// try changing these if ((this.id).includes("event")) { d3.select("#".concat((this.id).replace("event", "circle"))) .attr("fill", "#446285"); console.log("ok") d3.select(this) .attr("fill", "black"); } else if ((this.id).includes("circle")) { d3.select("#".concat((this.id).replace("circle", "event"))) .attr("fill", "black"); console.log("ok") d3.select(this) .attr("fill", "#446285"); } if (csv[indexx]["Date"] <= "1988" && csv[indexx]["Date"] >= "1979" ){ d3.selectAll(".era0") .attr("fill", "black"); d3.select("#eraLine0") .style("stroke", "#446285"); } else if (csv[indexx]["Date"] <= "1998" && csv[indexx]["Date"] >= "1989" ){ d3.selectAll(".era1") .attr("fill", "black"); d3.select("#eraLine1") .style("stroke", "#446285"); } else if (csv[indexx]["Date"] <= "2012" && csv[indexx]["Date"] >= "1999" ){ d3.selectAll(".era2") .attr("fill", "black"); d3.select("#eraLine2") .style("stroke", "#446285"); } else if (csv[indexx]["Date"] >= "2013"){ d3.selectAll(".era3") .attr("fill", "black"); d3.select("#eraLine3") .style("stroke", "#446285"); } // svg.selectAll('rect').remove(); // .attr("fill", function(d) { // if (+d.percent_change >= 0) { // if (checkbox_states.includes(d.Jurisdiction_2020)) { // if (checkbox_color == 1) { // return d.party; // } // else {return "#6ab89b" }// green // } // else { // //return "#ccebdb" // light green // return "#ededed" // } // } else { // if (checkbox_states.includes(d.Jurisdiction_2020)){ // if (checkbox_color == 1) { // return d.party; // } // else {return "#fc8181"} // red // } // else { // //return "#fadcdc" // light red // return "#ededed" // } // } }) return svg.node(); }49:T1029,zoom = { const x = d3.scaleLinear().rangeRound([0, width_zoomable]); const y = d3.scaleLinear().rangeRound([0, height_zoomable]); const svg = d3.create("svg") .attr("viewBox", [0.5, -30.5, width_zoomable, height_zoomable + 30]) // .style("font-weight", "bold") .style("font", "22px Futura"); let group = svg.append("g") .call(render, treemap_zoomable(top_400_by_era_json)); function render(group, root) { const node = group .selectAll("g") .data(root.children.concat(root)) .join("g"); node.filter(d => d === root ? d.parent : d.children) .attr("cursor", "pointer") .on("click", (event, d) => d === root ? zoomout(root) : zoomin(d)); node.append("title") .text(d => `${name(d)}\n${format(d.value)}`); // console.log(root.children.concat(root)); node.append("rect") .attr("id", d => (d.leafUid = DOM.uid("leaf")).id) // .attr("fill", d => d === root ? "white" : d.children ? "#f7edbc" : "#f7edbc") .attr("fill", d => { if (d === root) {return "white"} if (d.children == null) { if (d.data.era == "foundation") {return colors_final[0]} else if (d.data.era == "golden") {return colors_final[1]} else if (d.data.era == "millenial") {return colors_final[2]} else if (d.data.era == "zoomer") {return colors_final[3]} } else { if (d.children[0].data.era == "foundation") {return colors_final[0]} else if (d.children[0].data.era == "golden") {return colors_final[1]} else if (d.children[0].data.era == "millenial") {return colors_final[2]} else if (d.children[0].data.era == "zoomer") {return colors_final[3]} } }) .attr("stroke", "#fff"); node.append("clipPath") .attr("id", d => (d.clipUid = DOM.uid("clip")).id) .append("use") .attr("xlink:href", d => d.leafUid.href); node.append("text") .attr("clip-path", d => d.clipUid) .attr("font-weight", d => d === root ? "bold" : null) .selectAll("tspan") .data(d => (d === root ? name(d) : d.data.name).split(/(?=[A-Z][^A-Z])/g).concat(format(d.value))) //g=25360, mil=21811, z=21311, f=20854 .join("tspan") .attr("x", 3) .attr("y", (d, i, nodes) => `${(i === nodes.length - 1) * 0.3 + 1.1 + i * 0.9}em`) .attr("fill-opacity", (d, i, nodes) => i === nodes.length - 1 ? 0.7 : null) .attr("font-weight", (d, i, nodes) => i === nodes.length - 1 ? "normal" : null) .text(d => d); group.call(position, root); } function position(group, root) { group.selectAll("g") .attr("transform", d => d === root ? `translate(0,-30)` : `translate(${x(d.x0)},${y(d.y0)})`) .select("rect") .attr("width", d => d === root ? width : x(d.x1) - x(d.x0)) .attr("height", d => d === root ? 30 : y(d.y1) - y(d.y0)); } // When zooming in, draw the new nodes on top, and fade them in. function zoomin(d) { const group0 = group.attr("pointer-events", "none"); const group1 = group = svg.append("g").call(render, d); x.domain([d.x0, d.x1]); y.domain([d.y0, d.y1]); svg.transition() .duration(750) .call(t => group0.transition(t).remove() .call(position, d.parent)) .call(t => group1.transition(t) .attrTween("opacity", () => d3.interpolate(0, 1)) .call(position, d)); } // When zooming out, draw the old nodes on top, and fade them out. function zoomout(d) { const group0 = group.attr("pointer-events", "none"); const group1 = group = svg.insert("g", "*").call(render, d.parent); x.domain([d.parent.x0, d.parent.x1]); y.domain([d.parent.y0, d.parent.y1]); svg.transition() .duration(750) .call(t => group0.transition(t).remove() .attrTween("opacity", () => d3.interpolate(1, 0)) .call(position, d)) .call(t => group1.transition(t) .call(position, d.parent)); } return svg.node(); }4a:T6b7,{ const root = treemap(search_word_data); const svg = d3.create("svg") .attr("viewBox", [0, 0, width_searchable, height_searchable]) .style("font", "12px Futura"); const leaf = svg.selectAll("g") .data(root.leaves()) .join("g") .attr("transform", d => `translate(${d.x0},${d.y0})`) console.log(root.leaves()) leaf.append("title") // .text(d => `${d.ancestors().reverse().map(d => d.data.word).join("/")}\n${format(+d.data.count)}`); .text(d => `${d.parent.data.word.concat(", "+d.data.era).concat(", "+format(+d.data.count))}`); leaf.append("rect") .attr("id", d => (d.leafUid = DOM.uid("leaf")).id) // .attr("fill", d => { while (d.depth > 1) d = d.parent; return color_searchable(d.data.word); }) .attr("fill", d => {if (d.data.era == "foundation") {return colors_final[0];} else if (d.data.era == "golden") {return colors_final[1];} else if (d.data.era == "millenial") {return colors_final[2];} else {return colors_final[3]; }}) .attr("fill-opacity", 0.6) .attr("width", d => d.x1 - d.x0) .attr("height", d => d.y1 - d.y0); leaf.append("clipPath") .attr("id", d => (d.clipUid = DOM.uid("clip")).id) .append("use") .attr("xlink:href", d => d.leafUid.href); leaf.append("text") .attr("clip-path", d => d.clipUid) .selectAll("tspan") .data(d => d.parent.data.word.split(/(?=[A-Z][^A-Z])/g).concat(d.data.era).concat(format(+d.data.count))) .join("tspan") .attr("x", 3) .attr("y", (d, i, nodes) => `${(i === nodes.length - 1) * 0.3 + 1.1 + i * 0.9}em`) .attr("fill-opacity", (d, i, nodes) => i === nodes.length - 1 ? 0.7 : null) .text(d => d); return svg.node(); }4b:T1b66,chart = { const svg = d3.create("svg") .attr("viewBox", [-widthChord / 2, -1400 / 2, widthChord, 1400]); var foundation_color = "#FF595E" //red var golden_color = "#FFCA3A" //yellow var millenial_color = "#8AC926" //green var zoomer_color = "#1982C4" //blue const colors1 = [foundation_color, golden_color, millenial_color, zoomer_color] const dict_words = { "Weed" : Object.assign([ [0, .007, .007, .007], [.039, 0, .039, .039], [.020, .020, 0, .020], [.006, .006, .006, 0] ], { names: ["Foundation", "Golden", "Millenial", "Zoomer"], colors: colors1 }), "Love": Object.assign([ [0, .008, .008, .008], [.012, 0, .012, .012], [.026, .026, 0, .026], [.035, .035, .035, 0] ], { names: ["Foundation", "Golden", "Millenial", "Zoomer"], colors: colors1 }), "Sex": Object.assign([ [0, .001, .001, .001], [.002, 0, .002, .002], [.001, .001, 0, .001], [.002, .002, .002, 0] ], { names: ["Foundation", "Golden", "Millenial", "Zoomer"], colors: colors1 }), "Kill": Object.assign([ [0, .081, .081, .081], [.077, 0, .077, .077], [.115, .115, 0, .115], [.144, .144, .144, 0] ], { names: ["Foundation", "Golden", "Millenial", "Zoomer"], colors: colors1 }), "Woman": Object.assign([ [0, .167, .167, .167], [.083, 0, .083, .083], [.122, .122, 0, .122], [.105, .105, .105, 0] ], { names: ["Foundation", "Golden", "Millenial", "Zoomer"], colors: colors1 }), "Money": Object.assign([ [0, .034, .034, .034], [.090, 0, .090, .090], [.055, .055, 0, .055], [.064, .064, .064, 0] ], { names: ["Foundation", "Golden", "Millenial", "Zoomer"], colors: colors1 }), "Power": Object.assign([ [0, .006, .006, .006], [.005, 0, .005, .005], [.010, .010, 0, .010], [.002, .002, .002, 0] ], { names: ["Foundation", "Golden", "Millenial", "Zoomer"], colors: colors1 }), "Family": Object.assign([ [0, .033, .033, .033], [.130, 0, .130, .130], [.052, .052, 0, .052], [.115, .115, .115, 0] ], { names: ["Foundation", "Golden", "Millenial", "Zoomer"], colors: colors1 }), "Nation": Object.assign([ [0, .026, .026, .026], [.106, 0, .106, .106], [.032, .032, 0, .032], [.034, .034, .034, 0] ], { names: ["Foundation", "Golden", "Millenial", "Zoomer"], colors: colors1 }), "God": Object.assign([ [0, .004, .004, .004], [.024, 0, .024, .024], [.029, .029, 0, .029], [.012, .012, .012, 0] ], { names: ["Foundation", "Golden", "Millenial", "Zoomer"], colors: colors1 }), "Gangsta": Object.assign([ [0, .016, .016, .016], [.062, 0, .062, .062], [.016, .016, 0, .016], [.005, .005, .005, 0] ], { names: ["Foundation", "Golden", "Millenial", "Zoomer"], colors: colors1 }) }; // console.log(data) // const chords = chord(data); // const group = svg.append("g") // .attr("font-size", 10) // .attr("font-family", "Futura") // .selectAll("g") // .data(chords.groups) // .join("g"); // group.append("path") // .attr("fill", d => color(names[d.index])) // .attr("d", arc); // group.append("title") // .text(d => `${names[d.index]} // ${formatValue(d.value)}`); // const groupTick = group.append("g") // .selectAll("g") // .data(ticks) // .join("g") // .attr("transform", d => `rotate(${d.angle * 180 / Math.PI - 90}) translate(${outerRadius},0)`); // // groupTick.append("line") // // .attr("stroke", "currentColor") // // .attr("x2", 6); // groupTick.append("text") // .attr("x", 8) // .attr("dy", "0.35em") // .attr("font-size", "20px") // .attr("transform", d => d.angle > Math.PI ? "rotate(180) translate(-16)" : null) // .attr("text-anchor", d => d.angle > Math.PI ? "end" : null) // .text(d => ''); // group.select("text") // .attr("font-weight", "bold") // .attr("font-size", "20px") // .text(function(d) { // return this.getAttribute("text-anchor") === "end" // ? `↑ ${names[d.index]}` // : `${names[d.index]} ↓`; // }); // svg.append("g") // .attr("fill-opacity", 0.8) // .selectAll("path") // .data(chords) // .join("path") // .style("mix-blend-mode", "multiply") // .attr("fill", d => color(names[d.source.index])) // .attr("d", ribbon) // .append("title") // .text(d => `${formatValue(d.source.value)} ${names[d.target.index]} → ${names[d.source.index]}${d.source.index === d.target.index ? "" : `\n${formatValue(d.target.value)} ${names[d.source.index]} → ${names[d.target.index]}`}`); svg.node().update = () => { // const Love = Object.assign([ // [0, 8, 8, 8], // [12, 0, 12, 12], // [26, 26, 0, 26], // [35, 35, 35, 0] // ], { // names: ["Foundation", "Golden", "Millenial", "Zoomer"], // colors: ["red", "orange", "green", "blue"] // }) svg.selectAll("*").remove(); console.log(words); // console.log(dict_words["Weed"]()); var object = dict_words[words]; // console.log(object); //console.log(object); const chords1 = chord(object); svg.append('text') .attr("x", -650) .attr("y", -450) .attr("font-size", 60) .attr("font-family", "Futura") .text(words); const group = svg.append("g") .attr("font-size", 10) .attr("font-family", "Futura") .selectAll("g") .data(chords1.groups) .join("g"); console.log(chords1.groups) group.append("path") .attr("fill", d => colors1[d.index]) .attr("d", arc); group.append("title") .text(d => `${names[d.index]} ${formatValue(d.value)}`); const groupTick = group.append("g") .selectAll("g") .data(ticks) .join("g") .attr("transform", d => `rotate(${d.angle * 180 / Math.PI - 90}) translate(${outerRadius},0)`); // groupTick.append("line") // .attr("stroke", "currentColor") // .attr("x2", 6); groupTick.append("text") .attr("x", 8) .attr("dy", "0.35em") .attr("font-size", "30px") .attr("transform", d => d.angle > Math.PI ? "rotate(180) translate(-16)" : null) .attr("text-anchor", d => d.angle > Math.PI ? "end" : null) .text(d => ''); group.select("text") .attr("font-weight", "bold") .attr("font-size", "30px") .text(function(d) { return this.getAttribute("text-anchor") === "end" ? `↑ ${names[d.index]}` : `${names[d.index]} ↓`; }); console.log(chords1) svg.append("g") .attr("fill-opacity", 1.8) .selectAll("path") .data(chords1) .join("path") .style("mix-blend-mode", "multiply") .attr("fill", d => colors1[d.source.index]) .attr("d", ribbon) .append("title") .text(d => `${formatValue(d.source.value)} ${names[d.target.index]} → ${names[d.source.index]}${d.source.index === d.target.index ? "" : `\n${formatValue(d.target.value)} ${names[d.source.index]} → ${names[d.target.index]}`}`); } return svg.node(); }4c:T59cc,md ` # References: - https://pudding.cool/projects/vocabulary/index.html - https://observablehq.com/@d3/zoomable-treemap - https://observablehq.com/@d3/treemap - https://observablehq.com/@d3/stratify-treemap - https://observablehq.com/@didoesdigital/2020-timeline * [Rap : the lyrics](https://clio.columbia.edu/catalog/1168000?counter=5) (entire book) * [Contextualizing Hip Hop Sonic Cool Pose in Late Twentieth– and Twenty–first–century Rap Music](https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8G15ZDK) * [Geography of American rap: rap diffusion and rap centers](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/44202499?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents) * [Rap and Race: It's Got a Nice Beat, but What about the Message?](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/3180978?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A0ac78b0543154330b0be50af714af014&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents) * [Changing Images of Violence in Rap Music Lyrics: 1979-1997](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/40542235?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3Ad0390c69b5bc3ba7dba77921a97b06b6&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents) * ["One Day It'll All Make Sense": Hip-Hop and Rap Resources for Music Librarians](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/30163606?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3Aa1c8bb84392d977309d48b6bc9ab843f&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents) * [Social Context and Musical Content of Rap Music, 1979-1995](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/3844424?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3Abf11a5ef9afed6afde43955a19d01ab3&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents) * [The Relationship between African Self-Consciousness, Cultural Misorientation, Hypermasculinity, and Rap Music Preference](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/41819100?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3Af61513f606398efa58b7a284cf4e72db&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents) * [https://www.rapanalysis.com](https://www.rapanalysis.com) * ["Never Shoulda Been Let out the Penitentiary": Gangsta Rap and the Struggle over Racial Identity](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/1354612?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJyZXZpZXciLCJzZWFyY2hfY2hhcHRlciIsImNvbnRyaWJ1dGVkX3RleHQiLCJyZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnQiLCJzZWFyY2hfYXJ0aWNsZSIsIm1wX3Jlc2VhcmNoX3JlcG9ydF9wYXJ0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjoyLCJzdGFydHMiOnsiSlNUT1JCYXNpYyI6MjV9fQ%253D%253D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A6fdc26892988c66b9046e85ce7683c86&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents) * [Women of Color in Hip Hop: The Pornographic Gaze](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/41658866?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJyZXZpZXciLCJzZWFyY2hfY2hhcHRlciIsImNvbnRyaWJ1dGVkX3RleHQiLCJyZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnQiLCJzZWFyY2hfYXJ0aWNsZSIsIm1wX3Jlc2VhcmNoX3JlcG9ydF9wYXJ0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjoyLCJzdGFydHMiOnsiSlNUT1JCYXNpYyI6MjV9fQ%253D%253D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A29e3a2734814d7e8bb6ffaac78f0a60e&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents) * [Religion and Rap Music: An Analysis of Black Church Usag](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/20447501?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJyZXZpZXciLCJzZWFyY2hfY2hhcHRlciIsImNvbnRyaWJ1dGVkX3RleHQiLCJyZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnQiLCJzZWFyY2hfYXJ0aWNsZSIsIm1wX3Jlc2VhcmNoX3JlcG9ydF9wYXJ0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjoyLCJzdGFydHMiOnsiSlNUT1JCYXNpYyI6MjV9fQ%253D%253D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3Ab20479f93541af9e3e28ad43599ac29d#metadata_info_tab_contents) * [2 “Go back the other way, we’ll stop and eat at Dick’s”: SEATTLE HIP HOP IN THE 1980S](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/j.ctv1931hnr.8?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJyZXZpZXciLCJzZWFyY2hfY2hhcHRlciIsImNvbnRyaWJ1dGVkX3RleHQiLCJyZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnQiLCJzZWFyY2hfYXJ0aWNsZSIsIm1wX3Jlc2VhcmNoX3JlcG9ydF9wYXJ0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjoyLCJzdGFydHMiOnsiSlNUT1JCYXNpYyI6MjV9fQ%253D%253D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3Ad2a900716a826f293495bf0bf7530afa&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents) * [Chapter 4: RAP, RACE, AND RESISTANCE](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/42979207?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJtcF9yZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnRfcGFydCIsInJldmlldyIsInNlYXJjaF9hcnRpY2xlIiwic2VhcmNoX2NoYXB0ZXIiLCJjb250cmlidXRlZF90ZXh0IiwicmVzZWFyY2hfcmVwb3J0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjozLCJzdGFydHMiOnsiSlNUT1JCYXNpYyI6NTB9fQ%253D%253D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A16f193f209cd21e3a1404dc6b0f2fc85&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents) * [Rap's Unruly Body: The Postmodern Performance of Black Male Identity on the American Stage](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/4488512?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJtcF9yZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnRfcGFydCIsInJldmlldyIsInNlYXJjaF9hcnRpY2xlIiwic2VhcmNoX2NoYXB0ZXIiLCJjb250cmlidXRlZF90ZXh0IiwicmVzZWFyY2hfcmVwb3J0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjozLCJzdGFydHMiOnsiSlNUT1JCYXNpYyI6NTB9fQ%253D%253D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A368e67fc6be00eb33ec1a2ae8e26bddc&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents) * [3 “We got the talent, microphones, turntables, and crates”: SEATTLE HIP HOP IN THE 1990](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/j.ctv1931hnr.9?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJtcF9yZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnRfcGFydCIsInJldmlldyIsInNlYXJjaF9hcnRpY2xlIiwic2VhcmNoX2NoYXB0ZXIiLCJjb250cmlidXRlZF90ZXh0IiwicmVzZWFyY2hfcmVwb3J0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjozLCJzdGFydHMiOnsiSlNUT1JCYXNpYyI6NTB9fQ%253D%253D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A5880ce653f6ff747fda7c5c7c2c7583b&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents) * [The Fine Art of Rap](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/469207?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJyZXZpZXciLCJzZWFyY2hfY2hhcHRlciIsImNvbnRyaWJ1dGVkX3RleHQiLCJyZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnQiLCJzZWFyY2hfYXJ0aWNsZSIsIm1wX3Jlc2VhcmNoX3JlcG9ydF9wYXJ0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjo0LCJzdGFydHMiOnsiSlNUT1JCYXNpYyI6NzV9fQ%253D%253D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3Ade368af2d90e0f2f2816589dd0a30aa6) * [Understanding Rap as Rhetorical Folk-Poetry](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/44029853?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJyZXZpZXciLCJzZWFyY2hfY2hhcHRlciIsImNvbnRyaWJ1dGVkX3RleHQiLCJyZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnQiLCJzZWFyY2hfYXJ0aWNsZSIsIm1wX3Jlc2VhcmNoX3JlcG9ydF9wYXJ0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjo0LCJzdGFydHMiOnsiSlNUT1JCYXNpYyI6NzV9fQ%253D%253D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3Ade368af2d90e0f2f2816589dd0a30aa6) * [The Rap on Chicano and Black Masculinity: A Content Analysis of Gender Images in Rap Lyrics](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/23884882?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJyZXZpZXciLCJzZWFyY2hfY2hhcHRlciIsImNvbnRyaWJ1dGVkX3RleHQiLCJyZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnQiLCJzZWFyY2hfYXJ0aWNsZSIsIm1wX3Jlc2VhcmNoX3JlcG9ydF9wYXJ0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjo0LCJzdGFydHMiOnsiSlNUT1JCYXNpYyI6NzV9fQ%253D%253D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3Ade368af2d90e0f2f2816589dd0a30aa6) * [The Words Have Changed But the Ideology Remains the Same: Misogynistic Lyrics in Rap Music](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/40034353?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJyZXZpZXciLCJzZWFyY2hfY2hhcHRlciIsImNvbnRyaWJ1dGVkX3RleHQiLCJyZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnQiLCJzZWFyY2hfYXJ0aWNsZSIsIm1wX3Jlc2VhcmNoX3JlcG9ydF9wYXJ0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjo1LCJzdGFydHMiOnsiSlNUT1JCYXNpYyI6MTAwfX0%253D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A2d79f11f4cabf0079b5d3e004da6dd30) * [Black Nationalism and Rap Music](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/2784825?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJyZXZpZXciLCJzZWFyY2hfY2hhcHRlciIsImNvbnRyaWJ1dGVkX3RleHQiLCJyZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnQiLCJzZWFyY2hfYXJ0aWNsZSIsIm1wX3Jlc2VhcmNoX3JlcG9ydF9wYXJ0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjo1LCJzdGFydHMiOnsiSlNUT1JCYXNpYyI6MTAwfX0%253D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A2d79f11f4cabf0079b5d3e004da6dd30) * [CONTEMPORARY URRAN MUSIC: Controversial Messages in Hip-Hop and Rap Lyrics](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/42577630?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJyZXZpZXciLCJzZWFyY2hfY2hhcHRlciIsImNvbnRyaWJ1dGVkX3RleHQiLCJyZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnQiLCJzZWFyY2hfYXJ0aWNsZSIsIm1wX3Jlc2VhcmNoX3JlcG9ydF9wYXJ0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjo1LCJzdGFydHMiOnsiSlNUT1JCYXNpYyI6MTAwfX0%253D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A2d79f11f4cabf0079b5d3e004da6dd30) * [AMERICAN STUDIES 111: HIP-HOP CULTURE COMING SOON TO A CLASSROOM NEAR YOU?](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/41054014?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJyZXZpZXciLCJzZWFyY2hfY2hhcHRlciIsImNvbnRyaWJ1dGVkX3RleHQiLCJyZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnQiLCJzZWFyY2hfYXJ0aWNsZSIsIm1wX3Jlc2VhcmNoX3JlcG9ydF9wYXJ0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjo1LCJzdGFydHMiOnsiSlNUT1JCYXNpYyI6MTAwfX0%253D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A2d79f11f4cabf0079b5d3e004da6dd30) * [Introduction: "Reading" Hip-Hop Discourse in the Twenty-First Century](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/23783597?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJtcF9yZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnRfcGFydCIsInJldmlldyIsInNlYXJjaF9hcnRpY2xlIiwic2VhcmNoX2NoYXB0ZXIiLCJjb250cmlidXRlZF90ZXh0IiwicmVzZWFyY2hfcmVwb3J0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjo2LCJzdGFydHMiOnsiSlNUT1JCYXNpYyI6MTI1fX0%253D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A924c1a128221ff55a727be67fa769272) * [Beyond Keeping It Real: OutKast, the Funk Connection, and Afrofuturism](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/24589277?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJtcF9yZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnRfcGFydCIsInJldmlldyIsInNlYXJjaF9hcnRpY2xlIiwic2VhcmNoX2NoYXB0ZXIiLCJjb250cmlidXRlZF90ZXh0IiwicmVzZWFyY2hfcmVwb3J0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjo2LCJzdGFydHMiOnsiSlNUT1JCYXNpYyI6MTI1fX0%253D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A924c1a128221ff55a727be67fa769272) * [Deeper than Rap: Expanding Conceptions of Hip-hop Culture and Pedagogy in the English Language Arts Classroom](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/44821266?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJtcF9yZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnRfcGFydCIsInJldmlldyIsInNlYXJjaF9hcnRpY2xlIiwic2VhcmNoX2NoYXB0ZXIiLCJjb250cmlidXRlZF90ZXh0IiwicmVzZWFyY2hfcmVwb3J0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjo3LCJzdGFydHMiOnsiSlNUT1JCYXNpYyI6MTUwfX0%253D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3Abfc979df2d7d2c1c2c10e5801f2ea76f) * [Jay Z's American 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Future](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/20063997?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJyZXZpZXciLCJzZWFyY2hfY2hhcHRlciIsImNvbnRyaWJ1dGVkX3RleHQiLCJyZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnQiLCJzZWFyY2hfYXJ0aWNsZSIsIm1wX3Jlc2VhcmNoX3JlcG9ydF9wYXJ0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjo4LCJzdGFydHMiOnsiSlNUT1JCYXNpYyI6MTc1fX0%253D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A62c012db2a942d0650aef5e99816afcb) * [Shake It, Baby, Shake It: Consumption and the New Gender Relation in Hip-Hop](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/10.1525/sop.2011.54.1.15?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJyZXZpZXciLCJzZWFyY2hfY2hhcHRlciIsImNvbnRyaWJ1dGVkX3RleHQiLCJyZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnQiLCJzZWFyY2hfYXJ0aWNsZSIsIm1wX3Jlc2VhcmNoX3JlcG9ydF9wYXJ0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjo4LCJzdGFydHMiOnsiSlNUT1JCYXNpYyI6MTc1fX0%253D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A62c012db2a942d0650aef5e99816afcb) * [5 Roads to Zion: Hip Hop’s Search for the City Yet to Come](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1w8h1sj.8?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJyZXZpZXciLCJzZWFyY2hfY2hhcHRlciIsImNvbnRyaWJ1dGVkX3RleHQiLCJyZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnQiLCJzZWFyY2hfYXJ0aWNsZSIsIm1wX3Jlc2VhcmNoX3JlcG9ydF9wYXJ0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjo4LCJzdGFydHMiOnsiSlNUT1JCYXNpYyI6MTc1fX0%253D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A62c012db2a942d0650aef5e99816afcb) * [Gangstas, Thugs, and Hustlas: Identity and the Code of the Street in Rap 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Music](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/40033689?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJtcF9yZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnRfcGFydCIsInJldmlldyIsInNlYXJjaF9hcnRpY2xlIiwic2VhcmNoX2NoYXB0ZXIiLCJjb250cmlidXRlZF90ZXh0IiwicmVzZWFyY2hfcmVwb3J0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjo5LCJzdGFydHMiOnsiSlNUT1JCYXNpYyI6MjAwfX0%253D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A23d3dabb1d2f45166d0dd713e7769a8f) * [Rhythm: Talking That Talk](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/10.5149/9781469658803_major.25?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJtcF9yZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnRfcGFydCIsInJldmlldyIsInNlYXJjaF9hcnRpY2xlIiwic2VhcmNoX2NoYXB0ZXIiLCJjb250cmlidXRlZF90ZXh0IiwicmVzZWFyY2hfcmVwb3J0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjo5LCJzdGFydHMiOnsiSlNUT1JCYXNpYyI6MjAwfX0%253D&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A23d3dabb1d2f45166d0dd713e7769a8f) * [The Aesthetics of Rap](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/3042309?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJyZXZpZXciLCJzZWFyY2hfY2hhcHRlciIsImNvbnRyaWJ1dGVkX3RleHQiLCJyZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnQiLCJzZWFyY2hfYXJ0aWNsZSIsIm1wX3Jlc2VhcmNoX3JlcG9ydF9wYXJ0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjoxMCwic3RhcnRzIjp7IkpTVE9SQmFzaWMiOjIyNX19&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3Ade97c0a6474cae63d4d1f377cb8dfaa7) * [Good kid, m.A.A.d city: Kendrick Lamar's Autoethnographic Method](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/10.5325/jspecphil.32.3.0488?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJyZXZpZXciLCJzZWFyY2hfY2hhcHRlciIsImNvbnRyaWJ1dGVkX3RleHQiLCJyZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnQiLCJzZWFyY2hfYXJ0aWNsZSIsIm1wX3Jlc2VhcmNoX3JlcG9ydF9wYXJ0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjoxMCwic3RhcnRzIjp7IkpTVE9SQmFzaWMiOjIyNX19&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3Ade97c0a6474cae63d4d1f377cb8dfaa7) * [CONCLUSION: “Back when Empire Way became MLK”](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/j.ctv1931hnr.13?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJyZXZpZXciLCJzZWFyY2hfY2hhcHRlciIsImNvbnRyaWJ1dGVkX3RleHQiLCJyZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnQiLCJzZWFyY2hfYXJ0aWNsZSIsIm1wX3Jlc2VhcmNoX3JlcG9ydF9wYXJ0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjoxMCwic3RhcnRzIjp7IkpTVE9SQmFzaWMiOjIyNX19&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3Ade97c0a6474cae63d4d1f377cb8dfaa7) * ["Elevate My Mind": Identities for Women in Hip Hop Love Songs](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/23610154?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJtcF9yZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnRfcGFydCIsInJldmlldyIsInNlYXJjaF9hcnRpY2xlIiwic2VhcmNoX2NoYXB0ZXIiLCJjb250cmlidXRlZF90ZXh0IiwicmVzZWFyY2hfcmVwb3J0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjoxMSwic3RhcnRzIjp7IkpTVE9SQmFzaWMiOjI1MH19&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3Aea135a35938e3cc645542cf24f51e0db) * [SIX For the Texas Bama Femme: A Black Queer Femme-inist Reading of Beyoncé’s “Sorry”](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/j.ctv1b742hs.9?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJtcF9yZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnRfcGFydCIsInJldmlldyIsInNlYXJjaF9hcnRpY2xlIiwic2VhcmNoX2NoYXB0ZXIiLCJjb250cmlidXRlZF90ZXh0IiwicmVzZWFyY2hfcmVwb3J0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjoxMSwic3RhcnRzIjp7IkpTVE9SQmFzaWMiOjI1MH19&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3Aea135a35938e3cc645542cf24f51e0db) * [A "Man's Woman"? Contradictory Messages in the Songs of Female Rappers, 1992-2000](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/40282596?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJtcF9yZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnRfcGFydCIsInJldmlldyIsInNlYXJjaF9hcnRpY2xlIiwic2VhcmNoX2NoYXB0ZXIiLCJjb250cmlidXRlZF90ZXh0IiwicmVzZWFyY2hfcmVwb3J0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjoxMiwic3RhcnRzIjp7IkpTVE9SQmFzaWMiOjI3NX19&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A4d64c0b3cabfaecdd2f8335c05e201d9) * [Challenging the Contradictions of Chicanismo in Chicano Rap Music and Male Culture](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/41675103?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJtcF9yZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnRfcGFydCIsInJldmlldyIsInNlYXJjaF9hcnRpY2xlIiwic2VhcmNoX2NoYXB0ZXIiLCJjb250cmlidXRlZF90ZXh0IiwicmVzZWFyY2hfcmVwb3J0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjoxMiwic3RhcnRzIjp7IkpTVE9SQmFzaWMiOjI3NX19&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A4d64c0b3cabfaecdd2f8335c05e201d9) * [Hip Hop in the United](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/refuseserq.55.3.215?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJtcF9yZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnRfcGFydCIsInJldmlldyIsInNlYXJjaF9hcnRpY2xlIiwic2VhcmNoX2NoYXB0ZXIiLCJjb250cmlidXRlZF90ZXh0IiwicmVzZWFyY2hfcmVwb3J0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjoxMiwic3RhcnRzIjp7IkpTVE9SQmFzaWMiOjI3NX19&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A4d64c0b3cabfaecdd2f8335c05e201d9) * [“Fight the Power”: Hip Hop and Civil Unrest in Spike Lee's Do the Right Thing](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/10.2979/blackcamera.8.2.11?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJtcF9yZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnRfcGFydCIsInJldmlldyIsInNlYXJjaF9hcnRpY2xlIiwic2VhcmNoX2NoYXB0ZXIiLCJjb250cmlidXRlZF90ZXh0IiwicmVzZWFyY2hfcmVwb3J0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjoxMiwic3RhcnRzIjp7IkpTVE9SQmFzaWMiOjI3NX19&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A4d64c0b3cabfaecdd2f8335c05e201d9) * [Tupac in their Veins: Hip-Hop Alteño and the Semiotics of Urban Indigeneity](https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/stable/43855361?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=rap&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Drap%26filter%3D%26groupefq%3DWyJtcF9yZXNlYXJjaF9yZXBvcnRfcGFydCIsInJldmlldyIsInNlYXJjaF9hcnRpY2xlIiwic2VhcmNoX2NoYXB0ZXIiLCJjb250cmlidXRlZF90ZXh0IiwicmVzZWFyY2hfcmVwb3J0Il0%253D%26pagemark%3DeyJwYWdlIjoxMiwic3RhcnRzIjp7IkpTVE9SQmFzaWMiOjI3NX19&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A4d64c0b3cabfaecdd2f8335c05e201d9) * [Hip Hop History: From Streets to the Mainstream](https://iconcollective.edu/hip-hop-history/) * [The History of Hip-Hop: 1925 to Now](https://www.liveabout.com/history-of-hip-hop-1925-to-now-2857353) 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46:{"id":"7473a3b95e69609e","slug":"rap-over-time-april-12","title":"Rap Over Time - A Textual Data Analysis","thumbnail":"3ab713b12d752e9fd74c8d66ab6d3e2c2f317e6c98ce349705e3cdf801de78e6","access_level":"public","create_time":"$D2021-04-06T20:08:41.631Z","update_time":"$D2021-04-19T18:35:07.612Z","view_time":null,"first_public_time":"$D2021-04-13T03:44:17.347Z","has_unpublished_edits":null,"fork":false,"stars":5,"starred":false,"owner":{"type":"team","id":"bd55f8cdcb03c6ac","login":"columbiaviz-s21","name":"Columbia Data Viz Sp21","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/d7aca17844c982135939acf7860ef7195e5f7a382fd8f1db267359800ab85fbc","tier":"starter_2024","bio":"Columbia University Computer Science W4995 Intro. to Data Visualization","following":false},"version":1921,"publish_version":1921,"role":null,"authored":false,"authors":[{"type":"individual","id":"9c5336d1ee75767b","login":"dreamshappen","name":"Matthew Robert Ottomano 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of the linguistic elements of rap over time. This tool is exploratory in nature, but we encourage you to scroll through our timelines and descriptions to be able to better contextualize your exploration. `","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1907,"value":"md `Learn more about our project: [Final Documentation](https://rennahweng.medium.com/rap-over-time-a-textual-data-analysis-14363c4d9c5c)`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1568,"value":"md `*To understand the historical context of Hip Hop in the United States better, feel free to move your mouse across the timeline visualization!*\n\n*Throughout the visualization, we use the following eras to breakdown our data:*\n\\nWe adopted these eras from V.L Collins Jr. who defines them in his book,* RAP: A Juxtaposition of the Eras.*\n- Foundation (1978-1988) 🔴\n- Golden (1988-1998) 🟡\n- Millenial (1998-2012) 🟢\n- Zoomer (2012-present) 🔵`\n\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":180,"value":"$48","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1584,"value":"md `Rap has been used as a platform for artists to express emotions and ideas (Adams, Fuller, 939). Though the eras that are used throughout this project are characterized by different moments in the rap industry and musical evolutions, Tricia Rose describes Hip Hop as a persistent cultural form in the following way: `","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1574,"value":"md `*\"Hip Hop is a cultural form that attempts to negotiate the experiences\n of marginalization, brutality, truncated opportunity, and oppression\n within the cultural imperatives of African American and Caribbean\n history, identity, and community\"* -Tricia Rose, *Black Noise: Rap Music and Black Culture in Contemporary America* (1994)`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1590,"value":"md `As we explore the different eras, it is important to contextualize the patterns in diction and semantics.`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1626,"value":"md `## 🔴 Foundation Era (1978-1988)`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1555,"value":"md `Hip-Hop emerged in the 1970's in the Bronx, NY as an art movement and sub-culture. The Last Poets, a collective rising from the Civil Rights and Black nationalist movements are credited as the first group to combine \"self-consious poetry and music\" (Henderson, 310). \n\\n At the time, NYC was suffering from an economic collapse and white flight from the city to the suburbs was rampant, further segregating the city and perpetuating economic disparities (PQ).\n\\n The Hip-Hop scene primarily developed at block parties in newly abandoned buildings, debuting DJ's with a growing repotiore of techniques (i.e. scratching, the clock method) and MC's (or rappers) laying the gronudnwork for future artists. The other two pillars of hip-hop (coined by Zulu Nation and Afrika Bambaata) were grafitti and breakdancing (PQ). Though themes differed across artists, this earliest era of rap is known to be more \"socially consious and more politically Afro-centric\" (Kubrin, 361). `","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1559,"value":"image1 = FileAttachment(\"Kool-Herc-Party-at-1520-Sedgwick-Avenue-652x382-2x.jpeg\").image()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1579,"value":"md `Poster for \"Back to School Jam\", a block party that is credited as one of the pioneering events of the Hip-Hop Movement.\n\\n*Source: https://iconcollective.edu/hip-hop-history/*`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1632,"value":"md `## 🟡 Golden Era (1988-1998)`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1645,"value":"md `The Golden era of rap is aptly named as it represented the beginning of commercial success across the rap industry. As record labels like Def Jam Recordinigs began signing more rap artists, hip hop developed from a primarily underground sub-culture to a mainstream music genre. This era also marked the emergence of \"Gangsta Rap\", a departure towards more explicity violent and sexual lyrics. Some artists in the Golden era dicuss themes of police brutality, drug abuse, and give rise to \"culturral adaptations\" to \"structural conditions in inner-city communities\" (Kubrin, 361). `","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1639,"value":"md `## 🟢 Millenial Era (1998-2012)`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1660,"value":"md `The Millenial era sees many similar themes carry over from the Golden era, but there is an increase in capital interest in the industry and a development of musical techniques. Artist Kanye West introduced the use of 'sampling' and collaborated with other artists that defyed lines or type. With the introduction of YouTube in 2004, rap and music videos became even more accessible to the wider population. Also in this era, Reggaeton, a form of Latin American dance music that mixes hip-hop, reggae and dancehall with Latin rhythms and Spanish raps becomes popular worldwide. `","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1642,"value":"md `## 🔵 Zoomer Era (2012-present)`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1665,"value":"md `The Zoomer era of rap constitutes modern-day rap. The current era of rap deals less with socially concious messages and more with creating universal songs that can resonate with many people. This era concentrates on how the typical person will react rather than concentrating on a single theme. Social media and the internet has had a huge influence on the direction of mainstream rap. Platforms like soundcloud allow an artist to advertise themselves rather than look for a record label like previously done. This has birthed a new sense of individulaity among artists. With this individuality, artists are now beginning to drift away from Gangsta rap and moving into devleoping their individual selves. Even as sex permeates the industry, artists are starting to show softer sides to these relationships.`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1737,"value":"md `---`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1918,"value":"md `-------------------------- 📊 Visualization starts here! Enjoy! --------------------------`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":231,"value":"md `# Zoom by Era (Top 100 Words Per Era)`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1367,"value":"md `**🖱️ Click an Era!**\n\nWhen you click on an era, the visualization will expand and zoom in on the distribution of the top 100 words in the selected era, with the number under each word representing the quantity if the word usage. \n\n🖱️ **Click on the top left \"All\" text to return to the macro-view**.\n`\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1199,"value":"$49","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":251,"value":"md `---`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1508,"value":"md `# Searchable Treemap by Word (All Words Across Eras)`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1301,"value":"md `**Instructions:**\n\n**🔍 Try to search a word and see if it's in the rap lyrics in any eras!** \n- ✔️ If the search word exists in the dataset, it will display the distribution of that word's usage across eras in micro view. Eras are color-coded:\n - foundation = 🟥\n - golden = 🟨\n - millenial = 🟩\n - zoomer = 🟦\n- ❌ If the search word does NOT exist in our dataset, it will show the macro view. \n- 😊 In macro view, only the top 120 words are presented for user-friendly visualization purposes.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1379,"value":"viewof treemap_type = {\n const options = [\n {name: \"d3.treemapSquarify\", value: d3.treemapSquarify, selected: true},\n {name: \"d3.treemapBinary\", value: d3.treemapBinary},\n // {name: \"d3.treemapDice\", value: d3.treemapDice},\n // {name: \"d3.treemapSlice\", value: d3.treemapSlice},\n {name: \"d3.treemapSliceDice\", value: d3.treemapSliceDice}\n ];\n const form = html`