2c:null 2d:["$","title",null,{"children":"Data on Religious Persecution in Russia Since February 2022 | Daniil Beilinson | Observable"}] 32:T5cb,**On February 24, 2022, Russia launched a full-scale war against Ukraine.** Immediately afterward, the Russian authorities initiated a sweeping wave of political repression against dissenters within the country. Three years after the invasion began, this wave has not subsided; on the contrary, the authorities continue to expand their repressive arsenal, tightening control over those who dare to think differently. **How much of this repression targets religious organizations and their representatives?** This question guided us in preparing the seminar "Authoritarianism and Threats to Freedom of Conscience: The Case of Russia Since February 2022", which took place at the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences (EHESS) in Paris on March 28, 2025. Religious persecution in Russia follows its own internal logic, often unrelated to military events. However, the overall intensification of repression inevitably affects religious persecution as well. This document does not provide a definitive answer to the question posed but aims to offer additional context on religious persecution in contemporary Russia based on available data. It also seeks to highlight the most relevant [sources of information and data](#cell-265) on this issue. This document also seeks to remain relevant. Due to the nature of technology of computational notebooks, the data analysis of criminal cases and undesirable organisations updated automatically while you are loading the page.33:T43d,{ const subjectMap = { "Extremism cases": "1) Extremism", "Terrorism cases": "2) Terrorism" } const getTag = tag => Object.keys(organisations).includes(tag) ? tag : "Other" const data = criminalCasesData.reduce((acc, item) => { let included = false item.persecution_case_group_subject_en?.forEach(subject => { const subjectName = subjectMap[subject] if (subjectName) { acc.push(Object.assign({}, item, { subject: subjectName, tag: getTag(item.persecution_tags_en?.[0]) })) included = true } }) if (!included) acc.push(Object.assign({}, item, { subject: "3) Other charges", tag: getTag(item.persecution_tags_en?.[0]) })) return acc }, []).filter(i => new Date(i.persecution_started).getFullYear() > 2011) return renderYearBarChart(data, [], "persecution_started", `Criminal charges in connection to different religious movements per year. Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`, "Year", "Number of cases", {fill: "subject", color: { range: ["#fed9a6","#e5d8bd","#f2f2f2"], legend: true }}) }34:T4e3,{ const data = criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_case_group_subject_en?.includes("Extremism cases")) .reduce((acc, item) => { item.persecution_articles_criminal_code_number?.forEach(article => { acc.push(Object.assign({}, item, { article: `${codexIndex[article]} (${article})` })) }) return acc }, []) return Plot.plot({ caption: `The most common charges used in criminal cases involving charges of extremism in connection with religious movements (note that defendant can be charged under several offences). Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`, marginLeft: 250, marginRight: 60, height: 300, width: 800, y: { label: "Articles" }, x: { label: "Number of cases" }, marks: [ Plot.barX(data, Plot.groupY( { x: "count", filter: d => d.length> 10 }, { y: "article", fill: "#dfe0e080", sort: { y: "x", reverse: true } } )), Plot.axisY({textAnchor: "end", lineWidth: 20, fill: "black", dx: -5}), Plot.text(data, Plot.groupY( { x: "count", text: d => d.length }, { y: "article", textAnchor: "begin", dx: 15, fill: "black" } )) ] }) }35:T4e3,{ const data = criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_case_group_subject_en?.includes("Terrorism cases")) .reduce((acc, item) => { item.persecution_articles_criminal_code_number?.forEach(article => { acc.push(Object.assign({}, item, { article: `${codexIndex[article]} (${article})` })) }) return acc }, []) return Plot.plot({ caption: `The most common charges used in criminal cases involving charges of terrorism in connection with religious movements (note that defendant can be charged under several offences). Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`, marginLeft: 250, marginRight: 60, height: 300, width: 800, y: { label: "Articles" }, x: { label: "Number of cases" }, marks: [ Plot.barX(data, Plot.groupY( { x: "count", filter: d => d.length> 10 }, { y: "article", fill: "#dfe0e080", sort: { y: "x", reverse: true } } )), Plot.axisY({textAnchor: "end", lineWidth: 20, fill: "black", dx: -5}), Plot.text(data, Plot.groupY( { x: "count", text: d => d.length }, { y: "article", textAnchor: "begin", dx: 15, fill: "black" } )) ] }) }36:T5f3,Plot.plot({ color: { range: ["#dfe0e080", "#ff6f37"] }, caption: `Number of administrative cases in connection with undesirable organisations (cases connected to religious organisation between 2022 and 2024 are highlighted with orange colour). Dotted line is marking number of published decisions by the courts. Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`, y: { grid: true, label: "Number of cases" }, x: { label: "Year" }, marks: [ Plot.rectY(admCasesTotalData.filter(i => i.article.includes('20.33')), {y: "total", x: "date", interval: 'year', fill: "#dfe0e080"}), Plot.text(admCasesTotalData.filter(i => i.article.includes('20.33')), {y: "total", x: "date", text: "total", interval: 'year', textAnchor: "end", dx: 40, dy: -10, fill: "black" }), Plot.rectY(admCasesData.filter(i => i.codex_articles.includes('20.33') && i.date > new Date('2022-01-01')), Plot.binX({y: "count"}, {x: "date", interval: 'year', fill: "#ff6f37"})), Plot.text(admCasesData.filter(i => i.codex_articles.includes('20.33') && i.date > new Date('2022-01-01')), Plot.binX( { y: "count", text: d => `${d.length} ${d.length > 1 ? 'cases' : 'case'}`, fontSize: d => "12" }, { x: "date", interval: 'year', textAnchor: "middle", dy: -10, fill: "black" } )), Plot.line(admCasesTotalData.filter(i => i.article.includes('20.33')), {y: "published", x: "date", dx: 33, interval: 'year', stroke: "#777", curve: "catmull-rom", strokeDasharray: "5"}), Plot.ruleY([0]) ] })37:T48b,{ const data = admCasesData.filter(i => i.codex_articles.includes('5.26') && i.date > new Date('2022-01-01')) const articles = { "5.26 ч.5 КОАП": "Missionary activity in violation of the requirements of the legislation on freedom of conscience committed by a foreign citizen or stateless person", "5.26 ч.4 КОАП": "Conducting missionary activities in violation of the requirements of the legislation on freedom of conscience", "5.26 ч.3 КОАП": "Carrying out activities by a religious organisation without indicating its official full name", "5.26 ч.2 КОАП": "Intentional public desecration of religious or devotional literature or objects", "5.26 ч.1 КОАП": "Obstruction of the right to freedom of conscience and freedom of religion" } return renderBarChart(data, d => articles[d["codex_articles"]], `Distribution of administrative offences in connection with allegations of violation of legislation on freedom of conscience, freedom of religion and religious associations since 2022. Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`, "Number of administrative cases", "Type of offence", 300, 600) }38:T401,Plot.plot({ color: { range: ["#1f78b4", "#a6cee3", "#dfe0e080"], legend: true }, caption: `Number of administrative cases in connection with allegations of violation of legislation on freedom of conscience, freedom of religion and religious associations. Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`, y: { grid: true, label: "Number of cases" }, x: { label: "Year" }, marks: [ Plot.rectY(admCasesData.filter(i => i.codex_articles.includes('5.26') && i.date > new Date('2022-01-01')).map(i => Object.assign(i, { category: i.category ? i.category : 'Unknown' })), Plot.binX({y: "count"}, {x: "date", interval: 'year', fill: "category"})), Plot.text(admCasesData.filter(i => i.codex_articles.includes('5.26') && i.date > new Date('2022-01-01')), Plot.binX( { y: "count", text: d => `${d.length} ${d.length > 1 ? 'cases' : 'case'}`, fontSize: d => "12" }, { x: "date", interval: 'year', textAnchor: "middle", dy: -10, fill: "black" } )), Plot.ruleY([0]) ] })39:T453,Plot.plot({ color: { range: ["#dfe0e080", "#ff6f37"] }, caption: `Number of administrative cases in connection with discrediting the Russian army in 2022-2024 (cases with published rulings highlighte with orange). Data: OVD-Info. 2025-03-22.`, y: { grid: true, label: "Number of cases" }, x: { label: "Year" }, marks: [ Plot.rectY(admCasesTotalData.filter(i => i.article.includes('20.3.3')), {y: "total", x: "date", interval: 'year', fill: "#dfe0e080"}), Plot.text(admCasesTotalData.filter(i => i.article.includes('20.3.3')), {y: "total", x: "date", text: "total", interval: 'year', textAnchor: "middle", dx: 100, dy: -10, fontSize: d => "12", fill: "black" }), Plot.rectY(admCasesTotalData.filter(i => i.article.includes('20.3.3')), {y: "published", x: "date", interval: 'year', fill: "#ff6f37"}), Plot.text(admCasesTotalData.filter(i => i.article.includes('20.3.3')), {y: "published", text: d => `${d.published} cases`, fontSize: d => "12", x: "date", interval: 'year', textAnchor: "middle", dx: 100, dy: 10, fill: "white" } ), Plot.ruleY([0]) ] })3a:T9a4,Sources of data and information on religion-related persecution can be divided into four types. 1. **Data published by judicial authorities.** The Judicial Department of the Supreme Court of Russia [publishes statistics](https://cdep.ru/?id=79) on cases submitted to courts and verdicts issued. These data are available on the Judicial Department’s website. Accessing them from outside Russia sometimes requires a VPN with a Russian server or specialized projects that provide this data (e.g., the [Dostoevsky project](https://observablehq.com/d/030bc95836f2eb30)). District courts are also required to publish information about cases on their websites. Unfortunately, this data is not always available, especially for cases related to extremist or terrorist charges. However, some data can still be accessed. Collecting information from thousands of district court websites presents technical challenges, but as of spring 2025, it remains possible. If you need such data for research, you can [contact](mailti:data@ovdinfo.org) the data department of OVD-Info to request it. 2. **Projects specializing in religious and political persecution.** _The SOVA Center_ monitors religious persecution and the misuse of anti-extremism laws. Their findings are [published](https://www.sova-center.ru/en/religion/) in daily news reports and annual reports. The project _Support for Political Prisoners. Memorial_ [publishes](https://memopzk.org/list-persecuted/spisok-politzaklyuchyonnyh-presleduemyh-za-religiyu/) lists of political prisoners persecuted for their religion, including detailed case summaries. _The human rights media project OVD-Info_ monitors political persecution, publishing [news updates](https://ovd.info/express-news) and [reports](https://ovd.info/en/reports). Additionally, as noted above, it collects and publishes various datasets (see the [section below](#cell-789)). 3. **Websites of religious movements.** Some religious groups facing systematic persecution publish related information. For example, _Jehovah’s Witnesses_ regularly [report](https://www.jw.org/ru/%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8/) on criminal cases against their followers. 4. **Thematic communities.** Communities such as _[Peace to All](https://www.mir-vsem.info)_, _[Christians Against War](https://shaltnotkill.info)_, and _[Achilla](https://ahilla.ru)_ focus on anti-war activities and report on the persecution of Christians related to these efforts.3b:T672,{ const FOCCases = criminalCasesFreedomOfConscience.data.filter(c => c.persecution_started && new Date(c.persecution_started).getFullYear() > 2011 && new Date(c.persecution_started).getFullYear() < new Date().getFullYear()).map(c => Object.assign(c, {date: new Date(c.persecution_started)})) const FOCCasesIdx = FOCCases.map(c => c.aid) const otherCases = criminalCasesAll.data.filter(c => FOCCasesIdx.indexOf(c.aid) === -1 && c.persecution_started && new Date(c.persecution_started).getFullYear() > 2011 && new Date(c.persecution_started).getFullYear() < new Date().getFullYear()).map(c => Object.assign(c, {date: new Date(c.persecution_started)})) return Plot.plot({ color: { range: ["#dfe0e080", "#ff6f37"] }, caption: `Number of criminal cases with violation of freedom of conscience (orange) vs number of other politically motivated cases (gray). Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`, y: { grid: true, label: "Number of cases" }, x: { label: "Year" }, marks: [ Plot.areaY(otherCases, Plot.binX({y: "count"}, {x: 'date', interval: 'year', fill: "#dfe0e080", curve: "catmull-rom", strokeDasharray: "5"})), Plot.rectY(FOCCases, Plot.binX({y: "count"}, {x: 'date', interval: 'year', fill: "#ff6f37"})), Plot.text(FOCCases, Plot.binX( { y: "count", text: d => d.length }, { x: 'date', interval: 'year', textAnchor: "middle", dy: -10, fill: "black" } )), Plot.line(otherCases, Plot.binX({y: "count"}, {x: 'date', interval: 'year', stroke: "#777", curve: "catmull-rom", strokeDasharray: "5"})), Plot.ruleY([0]) ] }) }3c:T5f5,entitiesData = entitiesRawData.map(item => ({ name: item.Name, included: new Date(item['Date of inclusion']), status: item['Status'].replaceAll("\"",""), isUndesirable: item['Status'].replaceAll("\"","") === "Undesirable organization", isForeignAgent: item['Status'].replaceAll("\"","") !== "Undesirable organization", isReligious: item['Field of activity'] === "Religious organizations", type: item['Natural person or legal entity'] === 'Natural person' ? 'Person' : 'Organisation', area: item['Field of activity'], gender: item['Natural person or legal entity'] === 'Natural person' ? item['Пол'] === 'М' ? 'male' : 'female' : '', category: item['Natural person or legal entity'] === 'Natural person' ? item['Пол'] === 'М' ? 'male person' : 'female person' : 'organisation', reason: item['Reason for inclusion'], age: item['Возраст на момент внесения'], ageGroup: item['Age group at the moment of inclusion'], isAntiwar: item["\"Антивоенное\""], isClosed: item['Closed'], isExcluded: item['Excluded from register'], excluded: new Date(item['МЮ: Дата принятия решения об исключении']), underPersecution: item['Наличие уголовного преследования'], persecutionStarted: item['Дата начала преследования'], articles: item['Article of Criminal Code'], region: item['Region (by tax number)'], regionISO: item['Region ISO (by tax number)'] }))3d:T942,organisations = ({ "New Generation": "Neo-Pentecostal Christian Congregation founded in Latvia by Alexei Ledyaev. Prohibited in Russia as an undesirable organisation in 2021.", "Jehovah's Witnesses": "An international religious organisation originated in 1870 in the USA. Prohibited in Russia as extremist organisation in 2017.", "Hizb ut-Tahrir": "An international pan-Islamist and Islamic fundamentalist political organization whose stated aim is the re-establishment of the Islamic caliphate to unite the Muslim community (called ummah) and implement sharia globally. Prohibited in Russia as terroris organisation in 2003.", "At-Takfir wal-Hijrah": "A radical Islamist group Jama'at al-Muslimin founded by Shukri Mustafa which emerged in Egypt in the 1960s as an offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood. Prohibited in Russia as extremist organisation in 2010.", "Falun Gong": "A new religious movement founded by Li Hongzhi in China in the early 1990s. Prohibited in Russia as undesirable organisation in 2020.", "Revival Church": "Christian religious association organised by Vladimir Muntean in 1997 in Dnepropetrovsk. Prohibited in Russia as undesirable organisation in 2022.", "AllatRa": "A new religious movement founded in Ukraine in 2011. Prohibited in Russia as undesirable organisation in 2023.", "Nurcists": "An Islamist movement that was founded in Turkey in the early 20th century and based on the writings of Said Nursi. Nurcular prohibited in Russia as extremist organisation in 2008.", "Tablighi Jamaat": "An international Islamic religious movement established in 1926 by Muhammad Ilyas Kandhlawi in the Mewat region of British India. Prohibited in Russia as extremist organisation in 2009.", "Scientologists": "A new religious movement of the Gnostic type founded in the early 1950s in the USA. Prohibited in Russia as undesirable organisation in 2021.", "faisrahmanists": "Islamic community founded in late 1990 in Tatarstan by Faizrahman Sattarov. Prohibited in Russia as extremist organisation in 2013.", "Alla ayat": "A religious doctrine founded in the late 1980s in Kazakhstan by Farhat Abdullaev. Prohibited in Russia as extremist organisation in 2013.", "TCCN Covenant of Churches": "A new religious movement founded in 2006 in the USA by Andrei Shapovalov. Prohibited in Russia as undesirable organisation in 2023." })3e:[{"id":"1a9151e69809a9098319a1b2f8d0991c4d60d68a353fc7055e16525b95a563e78419bd5a28dc9222cca0b75692886acb16b07fb27716c8115607e63c91edbb77","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/1a9151e69809a9098319a1b2f8d0991c4d60d68a353fc7055e16525b95a563e78419bd5a28dc9222cca0b75692886acb16b07fb27716c8115607e63c91edbb77","name":"criminal-code.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1742472537849.671,"size":213084},{"id":"00873ee0b0ed454b356108c57bbf700cd5bf773580b301478d13e67c15c02a0c3f6fe29d41dcd0778433788b1a7bd54f473da5e3a0f0939c3f52d29c6ed407ec","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/00873ee0b0ed454b356108c57bbf700cd5bf773580b301478d13e67c15c02a0c3f6fe29d41dcd0778433788b1a7bd54f473da5e3a0f0939c3f52d29c6ed407ec","name":"extrajudicial-persecutions.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1742489110142.264,"size":9785},{"id":"e99c7778ae1bc37f65f07bdb32f5d80949be325e4fbb106cf86fbadada2c3a77ed0c94906e1bbe8038c9856be07894acf6da80c4b72341c3ad798c6e92298c23","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/e99c7778ae1bc37f65f07bdb32f5d80949be325e4fbb106cf86fbadada2c3a77ed0c94906e1bbe8038c9856be07894acf6da80c4b72341c3ad798c6e92298c23","name":"russia-and-annexed-regions-compressed__.json","type":"application/json","lastModified":1742567704251.335,"size":80742}] 30:{"id":"61c64590f0474f3f","slug":"data-on-religious-persecution-in-russia","title":"Data on Religious Persecution in Russia Since February 2022","thumbnail":"94eb8a7d1a5dda53f73ccc776a0c086ae34a06cdc82b106d0e5aaf625ce1dcb6","access_level":"public","create_time":"$D2025-03-13T11:27:51.858Z","update_time":"$D2025-07-04T12:48:27.234Z","view_time":null,"first_public_time":"$D2025-03-22T16:46:03.905Z","has_unpublished_edits":null,"fork":false,"stars":1,"starred":false,"owner":{"type":"team","id":"9b6646ec24dff9ba","login":"d-beilinson","name":"Daniil Beilinson","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/2d93226084d84c384a572996c4ef629251636290e2358a9491c05b7a329cc05b","tier":"starter_2024"},"version":1379,"publish_version":null,"role":null,"authored":false,"authors":[{"type":"individual","id":"ebe552f4a6dc3f7f","login":"daniil-beilinson","name":"Daniil Beilinson","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/b2df9a708eacdc151433d21ffde2c2a5a7e14023c8175bb08d2f4f6aceb3b7ce","tier":null}],"members":[{"type":"individual","id":"ebe552f4a6dc3f7f","login":"daniil-beilinson","name":"Daniil Beilinson","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/b2df9a708eacdc151433d21ffde2c2a5a7e14023c8175bb08d2f4f6aceb3b7ce","tier":null,"role":"editor"},{"type":"team","id":"9b6646ec24dff9ba","login":"d-beilinson","name":"Daniil Beilinson","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/2d93226084d84c384a572996c4ef629251636290e2358a9491c05b7a329cc05b","tier":"starter_2024","role":"viewer"}],"comments":[],"custom_thumbnail":false,"trashed":false,"lapsed":null,"subscribed":null,"forks":1,"collection":null,"type":"notebook","body":{"titling":"auto","title":"Data on Religious Persecution in Russia Since February 2022","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"# Data on Religious Persecution in Russia Since February 2022","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":777,"value":"note(md`This computational notebook prepared as the additional material for the [seminar](https://enseignements.ehess.fr/2024-2025/ue/730) \"Authoritarianism and threats to freedom of conscience: the case of Russia since February 2022\" held at EHESS in March 2025. The notebook explores multiple datasets available at [the end of the document](#cell-789).`)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":15,"value":"toc()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":5,"value":"$32","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":812,"value":"# General analysis of criminal persecutions associated with religious movements","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":817,"value":"To understand how criminal persecutions of members of religious movements are structured, we will use data from the OVD-Info project’s database on criminal political persecutions. This database includes information on persecutions related to religious movements. It is important no note that the database does not include all the criminal cases related to religious movements, but those considered _political_ (you can read more about the methodology [here](https://ovd.info/en/methodology_of_the_datadet_of_politically_motivated_criminal_prosecutions)). It contains data on persecutions linked to the religious organizations listed below. \n\n${Object.keys(organisations).map((org) => md`\n **${org}.** ${organisations[org]}\n`)}\n\nThe following analysis will focus specifically on these organizations, as well as on cases initiated against religious figures.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":422,"value":"In general, as shown in the graph below, it can be said that the criminal cases initiated in the context of these organizations are related to the reasons for their prohibition. Primarily, these are accusations of [extremist](#cell-26) and [terrorist-related](#cell-38) crimes or activities associated with [undesirable organizations](#cell-9).","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":462,"value":"{\n const subjectMap = {\n \"Extremism cases\": \"1) Extremism\",\n \"Terrorism cases\": \"2) Terrorism\"\n }\n const getTag = tag => Object.keys(organisations).includes(tag) ? tag : \"Other\"\n const data = criminalCasesData.reduce((acc, item) => {\n let included = false\n item.persecution_case_group_subject_en?.forEach(subject => {\n const subjectName = subjectMap[subject]\n if (subjectName) {\n acc.push(Object.assign({}, item, { subject: subjectName, tag: getTag(item.persecution_tags_en?.[0]) }))\n included = true\n }\n })\n if (!included) acc.push(Object.assign({}, item, { subject: \"3) Other charges\", tag: getTag(item.persecution_tags_en?.[0]) }))\n return acc\n }, [])\n return renderBarColorChart(data, \"tag\", \"subject\", `Criminal charges in connection to different religious movements. Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`, \"Number of criminal cases\", \"Religious movement\", { range: [\"#fed9a6\",\"#e5d8bd\",\"#f2f2f2\"], legend: true })\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":834,"value":"Below is the complete list of charges used in these criminal cases. The actions attributed to the defendant by the authorities may be classified under multiple articles of the Criminal Code simultaneously.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":680,"value":"\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n ${Object.values(criminalCasesData.reduce((acc, item) => {\n item.persecution_articles_criminal_code_number?.forEach(article => {\n if (!acc[article]) acc[article] = {\n total: 0,\n label: `${codexIndex[article]} (${article})`\n }\n acc[article].total++\n })\n return acc\n }, {})).sort((a,b) => b.total - a.total).filter(r => r.total > 0).map(article => htl.html`\n \n \n \n `)}\n \n

Article	Total cases	In % of cases
${article.label}	${article.total}	${(article.total/criminalCasesData.length).toLocaleString('en-US', { maximumFractionDigits: 1, style: 'percent' })}

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":842,"value":"As shown in figure below, these criminal persecutions have been observed throughout the entire period covered by the dataset, starting from 2012. Since 2022, the authorities have increasingly used charges related to undesirable organizations. However, the share of these charges remains low compared to the use of charges related to extremism and terrorism.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":486,"value":"$33","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":852,"value":"{\n const data = criminalCasesData.reduce((acc, item) => {\n item.persecution_region_en?.forEach(region => {\n if (!acc[region]) acc[region] = {\n total: 0,\n name: region\n }\n acc[region].total++\n })\n return acc\n }, {})\n const regions = Object.values(data).sort((b, a) => a.total - b.total)\n const regionsWithoutPersecutions = Object.values(regionsIsoNameIndex).filter(region => regions.map(r => r.name).filter(i => i === region).length === 0)\n\n return md`Geographically, these persecutions are distributed across all regions of Russia, except for ${regionsWithoutPersecutions. join(\", \")}. The 10 leading regions by the number of cases are: ${regions.slice(0, 10).map(i => `${i.name} (${i.total} cases)`).join(\", \")}.`\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":540,"value":"{\n const getStatsForRegion = iso => criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_region_iso?.includes(iso)).length\n return renderMap(getStatsForRegion, `Distribution of criminal cases by region (including occupied territory of Crimea). Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":26,"value":"# Cases involving charges of extremism","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":913,"value":"The most common accusations of extremism are related to the organization of the activities of an extremist organization. As shown in the graph below, sometimes these charges are accompanied by other offenses related to terrorism, incitement of hatred, or violent seizure of power.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":611,"value":"$34","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":922,"value":"Most of the people accused of extremism belong to the Jehovah's Witnesses. After the Russian authorities declared the main organization of this movement extremist in 2017, at least __${[... new Set(criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_case_group_subject_en?.includes(\"Extremism cases\") && item.persecution_tags_en?.includes(\"Jehovah's Witnesses\")).map(i => i.person_id))].length} individuals__ have been persecuted under criminal law. And yet, as the graph below shows, similar accusations appear in the context of other movements as well, albeit on a smaller scale.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":414,"value":"{\n const data = criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_case_group_subject_en?.includes(\"Extremism cases\"))\n return renderBarChart(data, d => d[\"persecution_tags_en\"]?.[0], `Criminal cases involving charges of extremism in connection with religious movements. Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`, \"Number of criminal cases\", \"Religious movement\", 180)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":937,"value":"The majority of these people are men between the ages of 31 and 50.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":553,"value":"{\n const data = criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_case_group_subject_en?.includes(\"Extremism cases\") && item.gender_en !== 'unknown')\n return renderDistributionGraph(data, \"gender_en\", `Gender distribution in criminal cases involving charges of extremism in connection with religious movements. Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":568,"value":"{\n const data = criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_case_group_subject_en?.includes(\"Extremism cases\") && item.age_group_persecution_began_en)\n return renderDistributionGraph(data, \"age_group\",`Age distribution in criminal cases involving charges of extremism in connection with religious movements. Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":940,"value":"{\n const data = criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_case_group_subject_en?.includes(\"Extremism cases\")).reduce((acc, item) => {\n item.persecution_region_en?.forEach(region => {\n if (!acc[region]) acc[region] = {\n total: 0,\n name: region\n }\n acc[region].total++\n })\n return acc\n }, {})\n const regions = Object.values(data).sort((b, a) => a.total - b.total)\n const regionsWithoutPersecutions = Object.values(regionsIsoNameIndex).filter(region => regions.map(r => r.name).filter(i => i === region).length === 0)\n\n return md`Geographically, these persecutions are distributed across all regions of Russia, except for ${regionsWithoutPersecutions. join(\", \")}. The 10 leading regions by the number of cases are: ${regions.slice(0, 10).map(i => `${i.name} (${i.total} cases)`).join(\", \")}.`\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":636,"value":"{\n const getStatsForRegion = iso => criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_case_group_subject_en?.includes(\"Extremism cases\") && item.persecution_region_iso?.includes(iso)).length\n return renderMap(getStatsForRegion, `Distribution of criminal cases involving charges of extremism in connection with religious movements by region (including occupied territory of Crimea). Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":957,"value":"As the figure below shows, the majority of people end up being deprived of their liberty as punishment.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":593,"value":"{\n const data = criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_case_group_subject_en?.includes(\"Extremism cases\"))\n .reduce((acc, item) => {\n (item.verdict_group_en && item.verdict_group_en[0] ? item.verdict_group_en.join(\",\").replace(\"Labour (correctional,compulsory,obligatory)\",\"Labour (correctional; compulsory; obligatory)\").split(\",\") : [\"Not given\"]).forEach(verdict => {\n acc.push(Object.assign({}, item, { verdict }))\n })\n return acc\n }, [])\n return renderBarChart(data, \"verdict\", `Number of verdicts involving the use of specific punishments in criminal cases involving charges of extremism in connection with religious movements (note that verdict can include different type of punishments). Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`, \"Number of verdicts\", \"Punishment\", 200)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1296,"value":"{\n const data = criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_case_group_subject_en?.includes(\"Extremism cases\") && item.term_group)\n return renderBarChart(data, \"term_group\", `Distribution of prison term categories in cases involving extremism charges against members of religious movements. Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`, \"Number of verdicts\", \"Sentence\", 100)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":38,"value":"# Cases involving charges of terrorism","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":960,"value":"Terrorism cases are related to the pan-Islamist political party Hizb ut-Tahrir. As the figures below show, the accused are usually men between the ages of 31 and 50.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":434,"value":"{\n const data = criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_case_group_subject_en?.includes(\"Terrorism cases\"))\n return renderBarChart(data, d => d[\"persecution_tags_en\"]?.[0], `Criminal cases on terrorism in connection with religious movements. Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`, \"Number of criminal cases\", \"Religious movement\")\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":665,"value":"{\n const data = criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_case_group_subject_en?.includes(\"Terrorism cases\") && item.gender_en !== 'unknown')\n return renderDistributionGraph(data, \"gender_en\", `Gender distribution in criminal cases involving charges of terrorism in connection with religious movements. Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":669,"value":"{\n const data = criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_case_group_subject_en?.includes(\"Terrorism cases\") && item.age_group_persecution_began_en)\n return renderDistributionGraph(data, \"age_group\", `Age distribution in criminal cases involving charges of terrorism in connection with religious movements. Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":963,"value":"The charges usually involve organising and participating in the activities of a terrorist organisation or forcible seizure of power. As mentioned above, sometimes these individuals are accused of organisation of the activities of an extremist organisation. Due to the severity of the charges, most of them are sentenced to long terms of imprisonment.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":675,"value":"$35","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":672,"value":"{\n const data = criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_case_group_subject_en?.includes(\"Terrorism cases\"))\n .reduce((acc, item) => {\n item.verdict_group_en?.forEach(verdict => {\n acc.push(Object.assign({}, item, { verdict }))\n })\n return acc\n }, [])\n return renderBarChart(data, \"verdict\", `Number of verdicts involving the use of specific punishments in criminal cases involving charges of terrorism in connection with religious movements (note that verdict can include different type of punishments). Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`, \"Number of verdicts\", \"Punishment\", 200)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1271,"value":"{\n const data = criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_case_group_subject_en?.includes(\"Terrorism cases\") && item.term_group)\n return renderBarChart(data, \"term_group\", `Distribution of prison term categories in cases involving terrorism charges against members of religious movements. Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`, \"Number of verdicts\", \"Sentence\", 100)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":965,"value":"{\n const data = criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_case_group_subject_en?.includes(\"Terrorism cases\")).reduce((acc, item) => {\n item.persecution_region_en?.forEach(region => {\n if (!acc[region]) acc[region] = {\n total: 0,\n name: region\n }\n acc[region].total++\n })\n return acc\n }, {})\n const regions = Object.values(data).sort((b, a) => a.total - b.total)\n const regionsWithoutPersecutions = Object.values(regionsIsoNameIndex).filter(region => regions.map(r => r.name).filter(i => i === region).length === 0)\n\n return md`Geographically, these persecutions are concentrated in specific regions: ${regions.map(i => `${i.name} (${i.total} cases)`).join(\", \")}.`\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":438,"value":"{\n const getStatsForRegion = iso => criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_case_group_subject_en?.includes(\"Terrorism cases\") && item.persecution_region_iso?.includes(iso)).length\n return renderMap(getStatsForRegion, `Distribution of criminal cases involving charges of terrorism in connection with religious movements by region (including occupied territory of Crimea). Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":9,"value":"# Undesirable organisations","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":889,"value":"{\n const data1 = entitiesData.filter(i => i.isUndesirable)\n const data2 = entitiesData.filter(i => i.isUndesirable && i.isReligious)\n return renderYearBarChart(data1, data2, \"included\", `Number of undesirable organisations per year (religious movements are highlighted with orange colour). Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`, \"Year\", \"Number of organisations\", {shift: -10})\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":126,"value":"A different situation occurs with religious movements whose activities have been deemed undesirable by the Russian authorities. As of today, a total of **${entitiesData.filter(i => i.isUndesirable && i.isReligious).length} religious organisations** have been listed in the register of undesirable organisations, which is **${(entitiesData.filter(i => i.isUndesirable && i.isReligious).length/entitiesData.filter(i => i.isUndesirable).length).toLocaleString(\"en-US\", {style: \"percent\"})}** of the total number of organisations on the register.\n\nThe graph above shows how many religious organisations (highlighted with orange) were listed on the register in each year compared to the total number of organisations (highlighted with gray).","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":131,"value":"## Chronology","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":133,"value":"Below you will find a list of specific religious organisations with the date of publication of the decision and the reason for inclusion in the register of undesirable organisation as indicated by the state authorities.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":88,"value":"$${entitiesData.filter(i => i.isUndesirable && i.isReligious).map(org => md`\n **${org.included.getDate()}/${org.included.getMonth()}/${org.included.getFullYear()} ${org.name}** \n _${org.reason}_\n`)}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":151,"value":"## Administrative persecutions","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":171,"value":"Legislation on undesirable organizations allows for the prosecution of individuals for both administrative offenses and criminal charges. For unknown reasons, statistics on the consideration of related administrative cases by the courts are unavailable.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":974,"value":"At the same time, data on these offenses are available on court websites. By analyzing this data, we can estimate the approximate total number of cases. Examining specific court rulings sometimes allows us to determine which undesirable organization the administrative proceedings were related to. Unfortunately, courts do not always publish these rulings.\n\nThe graph below shows the total number of cases, the number of cases where a connection to a specific religious movement can be established based on rulings, and the number of published rulings (represented by the dotted line).","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":175,"value":"$36","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":979,"value":"So, which religious cases do these proceedings pertain to? As of spring 2025, we see that the majority of them are related to the **\"New Generation\" church**.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":269,"value":"{\n const data = admCasesData.filter(i => i.codex_articles.includes('20.33'))\n return renderBarChart(data, \"liability_subject\", `Participation in the activities of an “undesirable” religious movement indicated in the court rulings in the administrative cases. Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`, \"Number of administrative cases\", \"Religious movement\")\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":157,"value":"{\n const data = admCasesData.filter(item => item.codex_articles?.includes('20.33')).reduce((acc, item) => {\n if (!acc[item.region_en]) acc[item.region_en] = {\n total: 0,\n name: item.region_en\n }\n acc[item.region_en].total++\n return acc\n }, {})\n const regions = Object.values(data).sort((b, a) => a.total - b.total)\n const regionsWithoutPersecutions = Object.values(regionsIsoNameIndex).filter(region => regions.map(r => r.name).filter(i => i === region).length === 0)\n\n return md`Geographically, most of these persecutions are concentrated in specific regions: ${regions.filter(i => i.total > 5).map(i => `${i.name} (${i.total} cases)`).join(\", \")}.`\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":259,"value":"{\n const getStatsForRegion = iso => admCasesData.filter(i => i.codex_articles.includes('20.33') && i.region_iso === iso).length\n return renderMap(getStatsForRegion, `Distribution of administrative cases in relation to undesirable religious organisations by region (including occupied territory of Crimea). Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":139,"value":"## Criminal Persecutions","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":331,"value":"There are ${criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_articles_criminal_code_number?.includes('284.1')).length} cases connected to undesirable religious organisations. Most of them appeared after beginning of 2022. As the graph below shows, in recent years, these cases have made up the majority of the total number of cases related to the activities of undesirable organizations.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":325,"value":"{\n const data1 = criminalCasesDataUndesirable.data\n const data2 = criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_articles_criminal_code_number?.includes('284.1'))\n return renderYearBarChart(data1, data2, \"persecution_started\", `Number of criminal cases in connection with undesirable organisations. Cases connected to religious movements are highlighted with orange colour. Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`, \"Year\", \"Number of cases\", {shift: 10, textColor: \"white\"})\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1013,"value":"The figure below shows which organizations these criminal cases were initiated in connection with.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":357,"value":"{\n const data = criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_articles_criminal_code_number?.includes('284.1') && !item.persecution_tags_en?.includes(\"Open Russia\"))\n return renderBarChart(data, d => d[\"persecution_tags_en\"]?.[0], `Participation in the activities of an “undesirable” religious movement indicated in the criminal allegations. Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`, \"Number of criminal cases\", \"Religious movement\", 180)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1015,"value":"The charges themselves are of three categories: organising activities, providing or raising funds and participating in the activities of undesirable organisations. The following graph shows how these charges are shared between the religious movements.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":370,"value":"{\n const parts = {\n \"Part 1\": \"Participating in activities\",\n \"Part 2\": \"Providing or raising funds\",\n \"Part 3\": \"Organising activities\"\n }\n const data = criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_articles_criminal_code_number?.includes('284.1') && item.persecution_articles_criminal_code_en[0].includes('Part') && !item.persecution_tags_en?.includes(\"Open Russia\")).map(item => Object.assign(item, {\n accusations: parts[item.persecution_articles_criminal_code_en[0].split(\",\")[0]]\n }))\n return renderBarColorChart(data, \"accusations\", d => d[\"persecution_tags_en\"]?.[0], `Charges of involvement in undesirable religious organisations. Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`, \"Number of criminal cases\", \"Charges\")\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1018,"value":"{\n const data = criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_articles_criminal_code_number?.includes('284.1')).reduce((acc, item) => {\n item.persecution_region_en?.forEach(region => {\n if (!acc[region]) acc[region] = {\n total: 0,\n name: region\n }\n acc[region].total++\n })\n return acc\n }, {})\n const regions = Object.values(data).sort((b, a) => a.total - b.total)\n const regionsWithoutPersecutions = Object.values(regionsIsoNameIndex).filter(region => regions.map(r => r.name).filter(i => i === region).length === 0)\n\n return md`As the map belows shows, these criminal cases are concentrated in specific regions: ${regions.map(i => `${i.name} (${i.total} cases)`).join(\", \")}.`\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":391,"value":"{\n const getStatsForRegion = iso => criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_articles_criminal_code_number?.includes('284.1') && item.persecution_region_iso?.includes(iso)).length\n return renderMap(getStatsForRegion, `Distribution of criminal cases in relation to undesirable religious organisations by region (including occupied territory of Crimea). Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1033,"value":"# Cases of insulting the feelings of the believers","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1069,"value":"In this section, you can find key data related to __${criminalCasesReligiousInsulting.data.length} criminal persecutions__ for offending the feelings of believers. The number of such cases has increased significantly since the beginning of 2021.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1047,"value":"{\n const data1 = criminalCasesReligiousInsulting.data\n const data2 = []\n return renderYearBarChart(data1, data2, \"persecution_started\", `Number of criminal cases for insulting the feelings of the believers. Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`, \"Year\", \"Number of cases\", {shift: 10, textColor: \"white\"})\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1052,"value":"{\n const data = criminalCasesReligiousInsulting.data.filter(item => item.gender_en !== 'unknown')\n return renderDistributionGraph(data, \"gender_en\", `Gender distribution in criminal cases for insulting the feelings of the believers. Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1062,"value":"{\n const data = criminalCasesDataReligiousFigures.data.filter(item => item.age_group_persecution_began_en).map(i => Object.assign(i, {age_group: ageMap[i.age_group_persecution_began_en ]}))\n return renderDistributionGraph(data, \"age_group\", `Age distribution in criminal cases for insulting the feelings of the believers. Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1081,"value":"{\n const data = criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_articles_criminal_code_number?.includes('284.1')).reduce((acc, item) => {\n item.persecution_region_en?.forEach(region => {\n if (!acc[region]) acc[region] = {\n total: 0,\n name: region\n }\n acc[region].total++\n })\n return acc\n }, {})\n const regions = Object.values(data).sort((b, a) => a.total - b.total)\n const regionsWithoutPersecutions = Object.values(regionsIsoNameIndex).filter(region => regions.map(r => r.name).filter(i => i === region).length === 0)\n\n return md`10 regions with the highest number of criminal cases: ${regions.map(i => `${i.name} (${i.total} cases)`).slice(0, 10).join(\", \")}.`\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1056,"value":"{\n const getStatsForRegion = iso => criminalCasesReligiousInsulting.data.filter(item => item.persecution_region_iso?.includes(iso)).length\n return renderMap(getStatsForRegion, `Distribution of criminal cases for insulting the religious feelings of the believers by region (including occupied territory of Crimea). Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1084,"value":"As the graph below shows, these charges usually result in actual prison sentences.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1078,"value":"{\n const data = criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_case_group_subject_en?.includes(\"Terrorism cases\"))\n .reduce((acc, item) => {\n item.verdict_group_en?.forEach(verdict => {\n acc.push(Object.assign({}, item, { verdict }))\n })\n return acc\n }, [])\n return renderBarChart(data, \"verdict\", `Number of verdicts involving the use of specific punishments in criminal cases for insulting the feelings of the believers (note that verdict can include different type of punishments). Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`, \"Number of verdicts\", \"Punishment\", 200)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1040,"value":"# Allegations of violation of legislation on freedom of conscience, freedom of religion and religious associations","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1100,"value":"Since the beginning of 2022, courts have considered at least **${admCasesData.filter(i => i.codex_articles.includes('5.26') && i.date > new Date('2022-01-01')).length} administrative cases** related to offenses covered by the article on allegations of violation of legislation on freedom of conscience, freedom of religion, and religious associations.\n\nThese offenses are divided into the following five categories.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1106,"value":"$37","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1115,"value":"From the reasoning part of the decision, it is sometimes possible to directly determine which religion is being referred to. In other cases, the decisions are excessively censored, making it impossible to understand what exactly happened.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1087,"value":"$38","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1130,"value":"{\n const data = admCasesData.filter(item => item.codex_articles?.includes('5.26')).reduce((acc, item) => {\n if (!acc[item.region_en]) acc[item.region_en] = {\n total: 0,\n name: item.region_en\n }\n acc[item.region_en].total++\n return acc\n }, {})\n const regions = Object.values(data).sort((b, a) => a.total - b.total)\n const regionsWithoutPersecutions = Object.values(regionsIsoNameIndex).filter(region => regions.map(r => r.name).filter(i => i === region).length === 0)\n\n return md`These administrative cases are distributed across a large number of regions. The highest number of cases is recorded in the following regions: ${regions.filter(i => i.total > 5).map(i => `${i.name} (${i.total} cases)`).join(\", \")}.`\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1119,"value":"{\n const getStatsForRegion = iso => admCasesData.filter(i => i.codex_articles.includes('5.26') && i.region_iso === iso).length\n return renderMap(getStatsForRegion, `Distribution of administrative cases in connection with allegations of violation of legislation on freedom of conscience, freedom of religion and religious associations by region (since 2022, including occupied territory of Crimea). Data: OVD-Info. ${new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0]}.`)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":149,"value":"# Persecution for anti-war stance ","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1025,"value":"After the start of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, prosecutions related to people's anti-war stance also began to emerge. Identifying cases specifically linked to the religious beliefs of the accused is extremely difficult. Judicial censorship prevents distinguishing administrative cases involving clergy from the overall flow of cases. As the graph below shows, administrative court rulings related to accusations of discrediting the Russian army were published in **${(admCasesTotalData.filter(i => i.article.includes('20.3.3')).reduce((acc, i) => acc + i.published, 0)/admCasesTotalData.filter(i => i.article.includes('20.3.3')).reduce((acc, i) => acc + i.total, 0)).toLocaleString(\"en-US\", {style: \"percent\"})} cases** in 2022-2024.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1142,"value":"$39","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1138,"value":"However, these rulings are so heavily censored that it is rarely possible to determine whom they concern. Several rulings, where it was possible to identify that the cases involve representatives of the church, are included [in the appendix](#cell-1175).","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1134,"value":"Below are the few known instances of criminal prosecution of religious figures related to their anti-war stance.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":705,"value":"$${criminalCasesData.filter(item => item.persecution_case_group_subject_en?.includes(\"Anti-war cases\"))\n .sort((b, a) => new Date(a.persecution_started).getFullYear() - new Date(b.persecution_started).getFullYear())\n .map(person => md`\n **${person.persecution_started ? new Date(person.persecution_started).getFullYear() : ''} ${person.name_en}** \n _Charges: ${person.persecution_articles_criminal_code_number.map(article => `${codexIndex[article]} (${article})`).join(\", \")}_ \n _${person.verdict_essence_en ? `Verdict: ${person.verdict_essence_en}` : ' '}_ \n \n ${person.story_en}\n`)}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":35,"value":"# Extrajudicial persecutions / other types of persecutions","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1029,"value":"In addition to judicial cases, there are also extrajudicial persecutions. These include both the use of quasi-judicial institutions and a wide range of practices, from job loss to physical violence. There is extremely little publicly available information about these persecutions; however, the small fragments that are known allow us to draw conclusions about the various forms they take. Below, we provide a brief list of such persecutions, primarily related to the anti-war stance of those targeted.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":753,"value":"$${extraJudicialPersecutionsData\n .sort((b, a) => new Date(`${a.Date.split('.')[2]}-${a.Date.split('.')[1]}-${a.Date.split('.')[0]}`) - new Date(`${b.Date.split('.')[2]}-${b.Date.split('.')[1]}-${b.Date.split('.')[0]}`))\n .map(item => md`\n **${item.Year} ${item.Name} ${item.Tag ? `(${item.Tag})` : ''}** \n _${item.Event} (${item.Date}, ${item.Region})_\n \n ${item.Story}\n\n [Source](${item.Source})\n`)}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":265,"value":"# Data sources","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":405,"value":"$3a","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":789,"value":"# Available datasets","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1192,"value":"## Data on criminal political persecutions","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1239,"value":"Data on relevant criminal cases available as part of OVD-Info's [dataset on political criminal persecutions](https://ovd.info/en/politpressing). This information is also available through [dedicated API](https://repression.info/criminal/api).","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1196,"value":"### Persecutions linked to different religious organizations","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1225,"value":"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1198,"value":"### Persecutions linked to freedom of conscious","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1231,"value":"While the cases listed above relate to different religious organisations (and sometimes the connection is purely for prosecutorial purposes, when in fact there is no connection), the list below includes cases where analysis of the circumstances shows a likely violation of freedom of conscience.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1329,"value":"$3b","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1228,"value":"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1201,"value":"### Persecutions linked to insulting the religious feelings of the believers","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1234,"value":"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1203,"value":"## Data on administrative persecutions","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1175,"value":"### Administrative cases on the discrediting of Russian army initiated against representatives of the church","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1217,"value":"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1210,"value":"### Administrative cases related to religious undesirable organisations","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1219,"value":"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1212,"value":"### Violation of legislation on freedom of conscience, freedom of religion and religious associations","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1221,"value":"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":796,"value":"## Detailed data on undesirable organisations","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":798,"value":"Detailed data on undesirable organisations. Collected as part of the [Inoteka](https://inoteka.io/en) project.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":800,"value":"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":41,"value":"***","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":385,"value":"renderMap = (regionFn, caption) => Plot.plot({ \n width: 975,\n height: 500,\n caption,\n color: {\n scheme: \"Oranges\",\n type: \"symlog\"\n },\n projection: {\n type: \"mercator\",\n rotate: [-70, -30, -15],\n domain: {\n type: \"Polygon\",\n coordinates: [\n [\n [120,40],[45,82],[50,82],[120,40]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }, \n marks: [\n Plot.geo(russiaAndAnnexedRegions, {strokeOpacity: 0.2}),\n Plot.geo(russiaAndAnnexedRegions, {fill: d => regionFn(d.properties.iso) }),\n Plot.tip(russiaAndAnnexedRegions.features, Plot.pointer(Plot.centroid({\n title: d => `${d.properties.name_en}\\nTotal: ${regionFn(d.properties.iso)}`\n })))\n ]\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":424,"value":"renderBarChart = (data, prop, caption, labelX, labelY, marginLeft = 250, height) => Plot.plot({\n caption,\n marginLeft,\n marginRight: 60,\n height,\n width: 800,\n y: { label: labelY },\n x: { label: labelX },\n marks: [\n Plot.barX(data, Plot.groupY(\n { x: \"count\" },\n { y: prop, fill: \"#dfe0e080\", sort: { y: \"x\", reverse: true } }\n )),\n Plot.axisY({textAnchor: \"end\", lineWidth: 20, fill: \"black\", dx: -5}),\n Plot.text(data, Plot.groupY(\n { x: \"count\", text: d => d.length },\n {\n y: prop,\n textAnchor: \"begin\",\n dx: 15,\n fill: \"black\"\n }\n ))\n ]\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":458,"value":"renderBarColorChart = (data, prop, fillProp, caption, labelX, labelY, color = { scheme: \"Paired\", legend: true }) => Plot.plot({\n caption,\n marginLeft: 180,\n marginRight: 60,\n width: 800,\n y: { label: labelY },\n x: { label: labelX },\n color,\n marks: [\n Plot.barX(data, Plot.groupY(\n { x: \"count\" },\n { y: prop, fill: fillProp, sort: { y: \"x\", reverse: true } }\n )),\n Plot.axisY({textAnchor: \"end\", lineWidth: 20, fill: \"black\", dx: -5}),\n Plot.text(data, Plot.groupY(\n { x: \"count\", text: d => d.length },\n {\n y: prop,\n textAnchor: \"begin\",\n dx: 10,\n fill: \"black\"\n }\n ))\n ]\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":445,"value":"renderYearBarChart = (data1, data2, prop, caption, labelX, labelY, { shift = 0, textColor = \"black\", fill = \"#dfe0e080\", color = { range: [\"#dfe0e080\", \"#ff6f37\"] }}) => Plot.plot({\n color,\n caption,\n y: {\n grid: true,\n label: labelY\n },\n x: {\n label: labelX\n },\n marks: [\n Plot.rectY(data1, Plot.binX({y: \"count\"}, {x: prop, interval: 'year', fill})),\n Plot.text(data1, Plot.binX(\n { y: \"count\", text: d => d.length },\n { x: prop, interval: 'year', textAnchor: \"middle\", dy: -10, fill: \"black\" }\n )),\n Plot.rectY(data2, Plot.binX({y: \"count\"}, {x: prop, interval: 'year', fill: \"#ff6f37\"})),\n Plot.text(data2, Plot.binX(\n { y: \"count\", text: d => `${d.length} ${d.length > 1 ? 'cases' : 'case'}`, fontSize: d => \"12\" },\n { x: prop, interval: 'year', textAnchor: \"middle\", dy: shift, fill: textColor }\n )),\n Plot.ruleY([0])\n ]\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":550,"value":"renderDistributionGraph = (data, prop, caption) => Plot.plot({\n x: {label: null, axis: null},\n color: {scheme: \"Paired\"},\n width: 800,\n caption,\n marks: [\n Plot.barX(\n data,\n Plot.stackX(\n Plot.binX(\n {x: \"count\"}, \n {\n fill: prop,\n fillOpacity: 0.3,\n insetRight: 5,\n marginBottom: 30\n }\n )\n )\n ),\n Plot.textX(\n data,\n Plot.stackX(\n Plot.binX(\n {x: \"count\", text: d => d[0][prop]},\n {\n z: prop,\n lineWidth: 10,\n inset: 5,\n }\n )\n )\n ),\n Plot.textX(\n data,\n Plot.stackX(\n Plot.binX(\n {x: \"count\"},\n {\n z: prop,\n text: (d,i,a) => `${d.length.toLocaleString()} (${Math.round((100 * d.length) / a.reduce((a,i) => a + i.length, 0))}%)`,\n inset: 5, \n lineAnchor: \"top\",\n dy: 20\n }\n )\n )\n )\n ]\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":46,"value":"entitiesRawData = fetch(\"https://static-data.ovd.info/foreign-agents-and-undesirables.json\")\n .then(response => {\n if (!response.ok) throw new Error(response.status);\n return response.json();\n })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":48,"value":"$3c","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":159,"value":"admCasesRawData = fetch(\"https://static-data.ovd.info/religious-adm-persecutions.json\")\n .then(response => {\n if (!response.ok) throw new Error(response.status);\n return response.json();\n })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":187,"value":"admCasesData = admCasesRawData.map(i => Object.assign(i, {\n date: new Date(i.result_date)\n}))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":167,"value":"admCasesTotalData = [\n { article: '20.33', year: 2016, total: 1, published: 1 },\n { article: '20.33', year: 2017, total: 14, published: 11 },\n { article: '20.33', year: 2018, total: 37, published: 14 },\n { article: '20.33', year: 2019, total: 37, published: 11 },\n { article: '20.33', year: 2020, total: 26, published: 3 },\n { article: '20.33', year: 2021, total: 443, published: 180 },\n { article: '20.33', year: 2022, total: 153, published: 129 },\n { article: '20.33', year: 2023, total: 90, published: 65 },\n { article: '20.33', year: 2024, total: 263, published: 207 },\n { article: '20.3.3', year: 2022, total: 5688, published: 4534 },\n { article: '20.3.3', year: 2023, total: 2925, published: 2280 },\n { article: '20.3.3', year: 2024, total: 1513, published: 1066 }\n].map(i => Object.assign(i, {\n date: new Date(`${i.year}-01-02`)\n}))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":283,"value":"$3d","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":314,"value":"fields = [\"persecution_id\",\"person_id\",\"persecution_started\",\"name_en\",\"age_persecution_began\",\"age_group_persecution_began_en\",\"gender_en\",\"story_en\",\"persecution_region_en\",\"persecution_region_iso\",\"persecution_articles_criminal_code_en\",\"persecution_articles_criminal_code_number\",\"persecution_case_group_subject_en\",\"persecution_location_en\",\"persecution_person_state_en\",\"verdict_essence_en\",\"verdict_group_en\",\"verdict_imprisonment_category_en\",\"persecution_tags_en\"]","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":573,"value":"ageMap = ({\n \"under eighteen years old\": \"< 18\",\n \"eighteen to thirty years old\": \"18-30\",\n \"thirty one to fifty years old\": \"31-50\",\n \"fifty one to seventy years old\": \"50-70\",\n \"over seventy one years old\": \"> 70\"\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1276,"value":"termMap = ({\n \"up to one year\": \"<1 years\", \n \"one to two years\": \"1-2 years\",\n \"two to three years\": \"2-3 years\",\n \"three to four years\": \"3-4 years\",\n \"four to seven years\": \"4-7 years\",\n \"seven to ten years\": \"7-10 years\",\n \"ten to fifteen years\": \"10-15 years\",\n \"between fifteen and twenty years\": \"15-20 years\",\n \"more than twenty years\": \">20 years\"\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":291,"value":"criminalCasesDataOrganisations = fetch(`https://api.repression.info/v1/data?language=en&fields=${JSON.stringify(fields)}&filter={\"persecution_tags_en\":${JSON.stringify(Object.keys(organisations))}}`)\n .then(response => {\n if (!response.ok) throw new Error(response.status);\n return response.json();\n })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":301,"value":"criminalCasesDataReligiousFigures = fetch(`https://api.repression.info/v1/data?language=en&fields=${JSON.stringify(fields)}&filter={\"persecution_occupation_en\":[\"Religious figures\"]}`)\n .then(response => {\n if (!response.ok) throw new Error(response.status);\n return response.json();\n })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":308,"value":"criminalCasesData = [...new Map(criminalCasesDataOrganisations.data.concat(criminalCasesDataReligiousFigures.data).map(v => [v.persecution_id, v])).values()].map(i => Object.assign(i, {age_group: ageMap[i.age_group_persecution_began_en], term_group: termMap[i.verdict_imprisonment_category_en]}))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":142,"value":"criminalCasesDataUndesirable = fetch(`https://api.repression.info/v1/data?language=en&fields=${JSON.stringify(fields)}&filter={\"persecution_articles_criminal_code_number\":[\"284.1\",\"330.3\"]}`)\n .then(response => {\n if (!response.ok) throw new Error(response.status);\n return response.json();\n })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1043,"value":"criminalCasesReligiousInsulting = fetch(`https://api.repression.info/v1/data?language=en&fields=${JSON.stringify(fields)}&filter={\"persecution_articles_criminal_code_number\":[\"148\"]}`)\n .then(response => {\n if (!response.ok) throw new Error(response.status);\n return response.json();\n })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1245,"value":"criminalCasesFreedomOfConscience = fetch(`https://api.repression.info/v1/data?language=en&fields=${JSON.stringify([\"persecution_started\"])}&filter={\"persecution_subject_en\":[\"freedom of conscience\"]}`)\n .then(response => {\n if (!response.ok) throw new Error(response.status);\n return response.json();\n })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1317,"value":"criminalCasesAll = fetch(`https://api.repression.info/v1/data?language=en&fields=${JSON.stringify([\"persecution_started\"])}`)\n .then(response => {\n if (!response.ok) throw new Error(response.status);\n return response.json();\n })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":249,"value":"russiaAndAnnexedRegionsRaw = FileAttachment(\"russia-and-annexed-regions-compressed__.json\").json()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":252,"value":"russiaAndAnnexedRegions = {\n const hiddenObjects = ['UA-14', 'UA-65', 'UA-09', 'UA-23']\n const filteredCollection = { type: \"GeometryCollection\", geometries: russiaAndAnnexedRegionsRaw.objects.collection.geometries.filter(g => hiddenObjects.indexOf(g.properties.iso) < 0) }\n return topojson.feature(russiaAndAnnexedRegionsRaw, filteredCollection)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":256,"value":"regionsIsoNameIndex = russiaAndAnnexedRegions.features.reduce((acc, r) => { acc[r.properties.iso] = r.properties.name_en; return acc }, {})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":614,"value":"criminalCodex = FileAttachment(\"criminal-code.csv\").csv()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":616,"value":"codexIndex = criminalCodex.reduce((acc, item) => {\n acc[item.Number] = item[\"Name en\"]\n return acc\n}, {})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":750,"value":"extraJudicialPersecutionsData = FileAttachment(\"extrajudicial-persecutions.csv\").csv()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":779,"value":"import {note, try_it, details, box} from \"@observablehq/notes\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":771,"value":"import {toc} from \"@bryangingechen/toc\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"}],"files":"$W3e","stdlib":"1"}} 31:"$30:body"