3f:null 40:["$","title",null,{"children":"Scripting RiTa | Daniel Howe | Observable"}] 46:T6a9,html`

RiScript is, more or less, a subset of Dial, the scripting language originally created for the Dialogic system (and used in this excellent game). If you're using RiTa in Observable (this site), check the notebook here for tools like the rs template.

Related Resources

The RiTa reference in observable
The RiTa website: examples, docs, gallery, etc.
Generating with RiTa grammars and Markov chains
Using RiScript and RiTa Grammars within Twine
RiTa's Lexicon and Letter-to-Sound engine

`47:T712,md` Other built-in transforms:

transform	description	alias
articlize()	adds the correct article according to the phonemes	art()
capitalize()	capitalizes the first letter of the phrase	cap()
uppercase()	capitalizes all letters of the phrase	uc()
quotify()	adds (smart) quotes around the phrase	qq()
norepeat()	ensures a choice will never repeat its output	nr()
pluralize()	pluralizes the phrase via the RiTa inflector	s()

Each has a short form (or alias) that may be more convenient.
You can also create your own *custom* transforms as described below. `48:T7e0,transforms = md`--- ### Transforms As mentioned above, **transforms** are small functions that can be included in RiScript to modify the expression they're attached to. A number of transforms are defined by default:

transform	description	alias
articlize()	adds the correct article according to the phonemes	art()
capitalize()	capitalizes the first letter of the phrase	cap()
uppercase()	capitalizes all letters of the phrase	uc()
quotify()	adds (smart) quotes around the phrase	qq()
norepeat()	ensures a choice will never repeat its output	nr()
pluralize()	pluralizes the phrase via the RiTa inflector	s()

Each has a short form, or alias, that may be more convenient

You can also create your own custom transforms ...

`49:T407,html`

Related Resources

The RiTa reference in observable
The RiTa website: examples, docs, gallery, etc.
Tools for RiTa in observable, including the rs template
Generating with RiTa grammars and Markov chains
Using RiScript and RiTa Grammars within Twine
RiTa's Lexicon and Letter-to-Sound engine

`4a:T1478, class Editor { constructor (params = {}){ this.value = params.value || "//\nadd code here\n\n\n"; this.theme = params.theme ? params.theme + "Mode" : "darkMode"; this.width = params.width || "800px"; this.height = params.height || "auto"; this.fontSize = params.fontSize || "16px"; this.render } toString() { return this.value.trim(); } render() { // modified from https://observablehq.com/@benatkin/codemirror-iframe let value = this.value, t = this.theme; let fn = ({CodeMirror} = {}) => { return ({id, value, t}) => { CodeMirror.defineSimpleMode("RiScript", { start: [ //RiScript { regex: /\[([^\]]*\|)+[^\]]*\]/g, token: "choice" }, //choices { regex: /(\.[\w]+()?)/g, token: "transform" }, //transforms { regex: /\$\w+/g, token: "symbol" }, //symbol { regex: /#\w+/g, token: "static" }, //static symbol { regex: /\/\/.*/g, token: "comment" }, //single line comment { regex: /\/\*/, token: "comment", next: "comment" }, //multi lines comment ], comment: [ {regex: /.*?\*\//, token: "comment", next: "start"}, {regex: /.*/, token: "comment"} ], }); const cm = CodeMirror(document.body, { value, mode: 'RiScript', theme: t, lineNumbers: true }) CodeMirror.modeURL = 'https://codemirror.net/mode/%N/%N.js' cm.on('change', (cm, changes) => { window.parent.postMessage({ id, value: cm.getValue(), height: document.body.offsetHeight }, `https://${document.domain}`) }) setInterval(() => { window.parent.postMessage({ id, height: document.body.offsetHeight }, `https://${document.domain}`) }, 300) } } const randomId = `el${Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000000)}` const frameSrc = ` ` const frameStyle = `width: ` + this.width + `;height: ` + this.height + `; border: 0; overflow-y: auto;` const frame = html`` const messageListener = event => { if (document.contains(frame)) { if (event.data.id == randomId) { if (event.data.value != undefined) { this.value = event.data.value; frame.value = event.data.value frame.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("input")) } frame.style.height = 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44:{"id":"c5ab57ef5b426b15","slug":"riscript","title":"Scripting RiTa","thumbnail":"5f62bd66b6687f132b70998bd2aabe49a6d2285907194eceb3edb8f391262258","access_level":"public","create_time":"$D2021-01-07T16:29:17.054Z","update_time":"$D2026-10-04T19:10:50.268Z","view_time":null,"first_public_time":"$D2021-01-07T17:05:58.061Z","has_unpublished_edits":null,"fork":false,"stars":13,"starred":false,"owner":{"type":"team","id":"636cf123a07db681","login":"dhowe","name":"Daniel Howe","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/a5081aaa56ae9990aa27642040dc61de3ce8cea67f6f778a5b864e41111ba7a3","tier":"starter_2024","bio":"whole watermelon eating cat","following":false},"version":5049,"publish_version":null,"role":null,"authored":false,"authors":[{"type":"individual","id":"32869872eb6f2f82","login":"dhowe","name":"Daniel Howe","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/a5081aaa56ae9990aa27642040dc61de3ce8cea67f6f778a5b864e41111ba7a3","tier":null,"bio":"whole watermelon eating cat","following":false}],"members":[{"type":"individual","id":"32869872eb6f2f82","login":"dhowe","name":"Daniel Howe","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/a5081aaa56ae9990aa27642040dc61de3ce8cea67f6f778a5b864e41111ba7a3","tier":null,"role":"editor"}],"comments":[{"id":"7dd81f29d4a2848a","reply_to_id":null,"content":"Thank you so much for creating this notebook.","create_time":"$D2021-01-10T22:53:13.001Z","update_time":null,"resolved":true,"user":{"type":"individual","id":"b8d79ca293134247","login":"triptych","name":"Andrew Wooldridge","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/84b4215a79a8f07f1610f6650183c4793985ecf13ed3af2944962bee15c46c2e","tier":null}},{"id":"1b324a3e76f3a242","reply_to_id":"7dd81f29d4a2848a","content":"Cheers. I'll continue building it out over the next few days. And Tracery is also great... It'll be good to hear how they compare for you.","create_time":"$D2021-01-11T18:02:48.766Z","update_time":null,"resolved":true,"user":{"type":"individual","id":"32869872eb6f2f82","login":"dhowe","name":"Daniel Howe","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/a5081aaa56ae9990aa27642040dc61de3ce8cea67f6f778a5b864e41111ba7a3","tier":null}}],"custom_thumbnail":true,"trashed":false,"lapsed":null,"subscribed":null,"forks":17,"collection":{"id":"3c04483074fcc200","slug":"rita","title":"RiTa","owner":{"id":"636cf123a07db681","login":"dhowe","name":"Daniel Howe"}},"type":"notebook","body":{"titling":"auto","title":"Scripting RiTa","cells":[{"id":1369,"value":"md`# Scripting RiTa

\n\nA tutorial on [RiScript](https://rednoise.org/rita/reference/riscript.html), the ai-free, writer-oriented scripting language that integrates with [RiTa](https://www.npmjs.com/package/rita). RiScript expressions, described below, can be included in any RiTa [grammar](https://rednoise.org/rita/tutorials/grammars.html), or run directly via [RiTa.evaluate()](https://rednoise.org/rita/reference/RiTa/evaluate/)\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":4630,"value":"$46","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":136,"value":"html`

${result}

`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1635,"value":"md`In this first example we evaluate the **RiScript** code in the editor below, once per second, and display it above. As you read, you can edit the script and watch as the text above updates...`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":3417,"value":"ed.render()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":743,"value":"md`### Explanation\nThe script above uses two **choice** elements, in parentheses, \\`[dog | child | ox]\\` and \\`[dining | conversing]\\`. Each time the script is run, one of the options for each choice is selected. As mentioned, you can use all the expressions described on this page inside your RiTa [grammars](https://observablehq.com/@dhowe/tut-rita-grammars).\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":4198,"value":"explanation=rs`\nThe script also uses the *pluralize* **transform**. Transforms are basically functions that modify the text they are attached to, once it has been resolved. In this case the resolved text fragment \\\$either [dog].qq or [child].qq or [ox].qq \\\$ is pluralized via the RiTa inflector.`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":4165,"value":"$47","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":4294,"value":"","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1557,"value":"choice=md`---\n### Choice\nThe **choice** primitive, as mentioned above, allows us to make a random selection from a group of options. Choices can contain any type of RiScript expression, including other choices.\n\nWe can also include the empty string as follows (which is surprisingly useful):\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1582,"value":"{\n let script = \"[everything | something | ]\";\n let el = html` ⮕ ${d}
click me ☝
`;\n el.onclick = () => mutable d = RiTa.evaluate(script);\n return el;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":815,"value":"weightedChoice=md`---\n\nBy default RiScript chooses randomly between the options in a **choice**. But we can also change the **weighting** for a rule so that it is selected more or less frequently. For example, if we wanted more children than oxen or dogs, we could say \\`\\`\\`[dog | child (8) | ox]\\`\\`\\`, specifying that we want the \\`child\\` options to be 8 times more likely than the other two.\n\nHere's a test with 100 evaluations (click to rerun it):\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":830,"value":"{\n let rule = \"'[dog | child (8) | ox].s()'\";\n let el = html` ⮕ ${e}`;\n let results = { dogs: 0, children: 0, oxen: 0 };\n for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++)\n results[RiTa.evaluate(rule.replace(/'/g,''))]++;\n el.onclick = () =>\n (mutable e = Object.keys(results).map((k) => k + \": \" + results[k] + \" \"));\n return el;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":3998,"value":"symbol=md`---\n### Symbols\nSymbol definitions start a line and do not generate any output. They simply create or update a value to be used elsewhere (variables in JavaScript can also be used when passed in via the script's [context](#evalContext)).\n`\n ","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":4048,"value":"explanationCode = md`\nIf you wanted to write the code from the editor above more verbosely, you could assign the parts to symbols:\n\n

$mammal=[dog | child | ox]\n$verb=[dining | conversing]\nThe $mammal.pluralize() were $verb.\n

  Oxen are unruly, but my ox is the best.

\n\nAnd we want to be able to substitute different mammals as before. If we use two separate choices, they could end up with different values, e.g., \"Dogs are unruly, but my ox is the best\", which isn't what we want. So we can define a *static* symbol, which would be evaluated only once, but then referenced twice:`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":4004,"value":"staticSymbolCode = html`\n

#mammal=[dog | child | ox]\n$mammal.pluralize().cap() are unruly, but my $mammal is the best.\n

[#mammal=[dog | child | ox]].pluralize().cap() are unruly, but my $mammal is the best.\n

[#name=[Jane | Bill]] was from [#place=[New York | Berlin | Shanghai]].\n$name finds $place cold and wet in winter.\n

\n`\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":4147,"value":"{\n let script = \"[#name=[Jane | Bill]] was from [#place=[New York | Berlin | Shanghai]].\\n$name finds $place cold and wet in winter.\"\n let el = html` ⮕ ${e}`;\n el.onclick = () => mutable e = RiTa.evaluate(script);\n return el;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":4694,"value":"rs`With these static synbols, we are basically telling RiScript to _remember_ the value it generated for our symbol and to _re-use_ it whenever it sees that symbol in the future`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":4966,"value":"silent=md` ---\n### Silencing Output\n\nIf you would like to execute some script, but NOT see any output, for example, when making an assignment, you can surround it with curly brackets instead of square:`\n\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":4977,"value":"inlineCode3 = html`\n

{#place=[New York | Berlin | Shanghai]} $place was cold and wet in winter.\n

  RiTa.addTransform('rhymes', addRhyme);\n

Note that the 1st argument is the name we want to use for the transform, and the 2nd is the function itself.

\nNow we're ready to try again...`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1279,"value":"{\n RiTa.addTransform('rhymes', addRhyme);\n let rs = '[dog | child | ox].rhymes()';\n let el = html` ⮕ ${i}`;\n el.onclick = () => mutable i = RiTa.evaluate(rs); // not sure why this needs to be clicked twice\n return el;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1463,"value":"md`And there we have our first custom transform... 💡`\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":4394,"value":"evalContext = md`---\n### Evaluation Context\nWhen using RiScript as part of a larger system like a game or other interactive experience, it is often useful to refer to variables from the larger **context**. For example, in a game we might want to refer to the current state of the player in our scripts. We can do this by passing the context as the 2nd argument to the \\`evaluate()\\` function as follows:`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":4417,"value":"md`\n~~~js\nRiTa.evaluate(\"$player.name, you have $player.score points!\", context);\n~~~\n\nThe \\`context\\` here is simply a JavaScript object (you can think of it as a sort of *world-state*) which can include abritrarily nested objects with properties and functions:`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":4474,"value":"context = ({\n player: {\n name: 'Scott',\n score: 200,\n damage: 50,\n strength: 30.6\n },\n enemy: {\n damage: 80,\n strength: 10.4\n }\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":4516,"value":"md`When you pass a context to RiTa.evaluate(), you can then use any symbols it contains within your scripts via the usual \\`$symbolName\\` notation.`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":4483,"value":"{\n let rs = '$player.name, you have only $player.score points. Do better!';\n let el = html`
⮕ ${j}`;\n el.onclick = () => mutable j = RiTa.evaluate(rs, context);\n return el;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":5001,"value":"md`---\n**\\\\* A note on _context_ and _transforms_:**
\nRather than calling RiTa.addTransform(), transforms can simply be passed as part of the context. Within the code for a custom transform, this is bound to the context, so that one can easily access it during execution of the transform.
\n(\\*Caution: note that this is NOT the case for transforms defined as arrow functions)\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":4906,"value":"gates = md`---\n### Gates\nIt is often useful to display generate different text based on conditions or prerequisities. While conditionals can be handled via transforms, RiScript **gates** enable a range of branching behavior within a script or grammar, from simple if-else conditionals, to complex sets of prerequisites based on world-state, using a variant of the Mingo query language (prefixed with the at @ sign).\n\nHere are a few examples:`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":4909,"value":"gateCode = html`\n

\n// if enemy has been defined, output 'I have a bad feeling'\n[ @{ $enemy: { @exists: true }} I have a bad feeling...]\n\n

\n// Adjust the greeting based on time (via a transform in the context)\nGood [ @{ $hours(): { @lt: 12 } } morning || evening]!\n\n

\nNote that each Mingo query is itself a JavaScript object.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":4950,"value":"elseGates = md`\n#### Else Expressions\nYou can also specify an **else** condition for when a gate does NOT accept, using the || symbol:`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":4942,"value":"gateCodeElse = html`\n

\n// if enemy is defined, output 'I have a bad feeling' else output 'Coast is clear!'\n[ @{ $enemy: { @exists: true }} I have a bad feeling... || Coast is clear! ]\n\n

\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":5027,"value":"md`\nFor the full set of operators that you can use with **gates**, plus examples, see [this 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Appendix`\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":3942,"value":"RiTa.VERSION","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":4173,"value":"import { RiTa, rs } from '@dhowe/rita'","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":3936,"value":"ed = editor({ width: '750px', theme: 'light', value: '\\nThe [dog | child | ox].pluralize() were [dining | conversing] silently.\\n' 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