I've been thinking about this too! My solution is to create a supercoiled spiral. The main spiral is the seasons: ↓ winter, ← spring, ↑ summer, → fall, spiraling outward. Holidays are like spokes that connect different levels of the spiral. Then you have a nested helix representing the moon phase, and within that, have a tight helix for the 24hr daylight cycle.
Lao, this is lovely—the supercoiled spiral is such an elegant way to fold the whole calendar into one shape. Really taken with the idea of a circle becoming a helix by holding one side fixed while it winds outward—keep me updated, would love to see it :)