2d:null 2e:["$","title",null,{"children":"GES émis par les produits alimentaires et leur transport | Essi Parent | Observable"}] 33:T606,vl_plot = { if (is_absolute) { return vl.data(simulation) .encode( vl.x().fieldQ("ghg").axis({title: translations["titles"]["GHG emitted by food and transport (kg eq CO2)"][language]}), vl.y().fieldN("source").axis({title: ""}).sort([ translations["sources"]["product"][language], translations["sources"]["car"][language], translations["sources"]["truck"][language], translations["sources"]["train"][language], translations["sources"]["boat"][language]]), vl.tooltip().fieldQ("ghg") ) .layer( vl.markBar(), vl.markText({ align: "left", dx: 5, dy: 1 }) .encode( vl.text().fieldQ("ghg").format(".2"), ) ) .width(width * 0.75) .render() } else { return vl.data(simulation) .encode( vl.x().fieldQ("ghg").axis({title: translations["titles"]["GHG emitted by food and transport (%)"][language], format: "%"}).stack("normalize"), vl.color().fieldN("source").sort([ translations["sources"]["product"][language], translations["sources"]["car"][language], translations["sources"]["truck"][language], translations["sources"]["train"][language], translations["sources"]["boat"][language]]), vl.tooltip().fieldQ("ghg") ) .layer( vl.markBar(), vl.markText({ align: "left", dx: 1, dy: -18 }) .encode( vl.text().fieldQ("ghg").format(".2"), ) ) .width(width * 0.75) .render() } }34:T457,function ghg(product, is_organic, mass, d_truck, d_train, d_boat, d_plane, d_car, car_consumption, food_df) { const car_consumption_L_km = car_consumption / 100 // from L/100km to L/km // car fuel: 2.3 kgCO2 / L const ghg_car = 2.3 * car_consumption_L_km const mass_t = mass / 1000 // from kg to tons var oc_factor if (is_organic && product["O-C ratio"] !== "NA") { var oc_factor = product["O-C ratio"] } else { var oc_factor = 1 } const ghg_df = [ {source: translations["sources"]["product"][language], ghg: mass * oc_factor * product["Total GHG"]}, {source: translations["sources"]["truck"][language], ghg: mass_t * d_truck * ghg_transport[0].factor}, {source: translations["sources"]["train"][language], ghg: mass_t * d_train * ghg_transport[1].factor}, {source: translations["sources"]["boat"][language], ghg: mass_t * d_boat * ghg_transport[2].factor}, {source: translations["sources"]["plane"][language], ghg: mass_t * d_plane * ghg_transport[3].factor}, {source: translations["sources"]["car"][language], ghg: d_car * ghg_car} ] return ghg_df }35:T30a0,translations = { return { text: { main: { en: md`# GHG emitted from food products and food transport`, fr: md`# GES émis par les produits alimentaires et leur transport` }, introduction: { en: md`To compute greenhouse gases (CO₂eq) emitted per food relatively to its transport, first select the food type in the drop-down menu. Specify if the food is certified organic. Then, you can assess the impact of different transport modes: car (way-back to the grocery store), and freight to the grocery store by truck, train, boat and plane. This model uses simplified average emission factors by mode and distance to illustrate orders of magnitude. Real values vary widely depending on production methods, refrigeration, storage, and waste.`, fr: md`Pour calculer les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (CO₂eq) émis par aliment comparativement à son transport, sélectionnez d'abord l'aliment dans le menu déroulant. Indiquez si l'aliment est certifié biologique. Ensuite, vous pourrez évaluer l'impact de différents tronçons de transport. D'abord en voiture (aller-retour à l'épicerie), puis le transport vers l'épicerie par camion, train, bateau et avion. Ce modèle utilise des facteurs d’émission moyens simplifiés selon le mode et la distance afin d’illustrer des ordres de grandeur. Les valeurs réelles varient largement selon les méthodes de production, la réfrigération, le stockage et les pertes.` }, methodology_section: { en: md`## Methodology`, fr: md`## Méthodologie` }, "methodology - ghg transport": { en: md`The [Guide on Calculating GHG emissions for freight forwarding and logistics sercices](https://www.clecat.org/media/CLECAT_Guide_on_Calculating_GHG_emissions_for_freight_forwarding_and_logistics_services.pdf) provides emission factors for the transport of goods by truck (12-24 t), train (diesel), boat (cargo) and plane (cargo), here expressed in kg of CO₂eq per ton∙kilometer.`, fr: md`Le [*Guide de calcul des émissions de GES pour les services de transit et de logistique*](https://www.clecat.org/media/CLECAT_Guide_on_Calculating_GHG_emissions_for_freight_forwarding_and_logistics_services.pdf) propose des facteurs d'émission pour le transport de marchandise par camion (12-24 t), par train (diesel), par bateau (cargo) et par avion (cargo), ici exprimés en kg de CO₂eq par tonne∙kilomètre.` }, "methodology - ghg per food": { en: md`[Poore and Nemecek (2018)](https://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6392/987.full) reported greenhouse gas emissions per kg for a large collection of food types. I recovered these data from https://ourworldindata.org/environmental-impacts-of-food. I removed their approximation of transport emissions to avoid duplications.`, fr: md`[Poore et Nemecek (2018)](https://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6392/987.full) ont rapporté les émmissions de gaz à effet de serre par kg pour une collection d'aliments. J'ai téléchargé leurs données depuis https://ourworldindata.org/environmental-impacts-of-food. J'ai retiré la part du transport pour éviter de la compter deux fois.` }, "methodology - poore & nemecek figure": { en: md`Emissions including typical transport. Source: [Our wold in data](https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2020/02/Environmental-impact-of-food-by-life-cycle-stage.png)`, fr: md`Émissions incluant le transport. Source: [Our wold in data](https://ourworldindata.org/uploads/2020/02/Environmental-impact-of-food-by-life-cycle-stage.png)` }, "methodology - organic factor": { en: md`The Certified organic toggles multiplies the emissions of a food product by a factor published in [Clark and Tilman (2017)](https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa6cd5/meta), shown in the left pane of the plot below. GHG emissions usually incerase a little bit with organic food, although there are a lot of variation from a study to another (emissions due to land use change, more important in organic farming, are excluded).`, fr: md`L'intérupteur Certifié biologique multiplie les émissions de l'aliment par un facteur publié par [Clark et Tilman (2017)](https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa6cd5/meta), dans la section de gauche de la figure ci-dessous. Les émissions de GES augmentent un peu pour les aliments biologiques, bien que la variation d'une étude à l'autre soit grande (les émissions dues au changement d'usage du territoire - *land use* -, plus important en agriculture biologique, sont exclues).` }, "methodology - clark & tilman figure": { en: md`Organic / Conventional ratio. Source: [Clark and Tilman, 2017](https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa6cd5/meta)`, fr: md`Ratio biologique / conventionnel. Source: [Clark et Tilman, 2017](https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa6cd5/meta)` }, "methodology - compute": { en: md`Once multiplied by milage from the production of food to the grocery store and the weight of groceries, we obtain total emissions for food delivery to the store. We can add to that the transport by car from the store to the house by muliplying the milage by the car consumption, and the car consumption by kg of CO2eq by liter.`, fr: md`Une fois que l'on multiplie la distance parcourue entre la production et l'épicerie par la masse de l'aliment, on obtient les émissions totales du transport vers l'épicerie. Nous pouvons ajouter le transport par voiture de l'épicerie vers la maison en multipliant la distance par la consommation de la voiture, puis par les émissions de CO2 eq typiques par litre d'essence.` }, thanks: { en: md`## Aknowledgements [Adam Scott](https://observablehq.com/@adamscott) created the translation widget and gave me advices for JS coding. Thanks Adam! 🙏`, fr: md`## Remerciements [Adam Scott](https://observablehq.com/@adamscott) a créé les fonctions nécessaires à l'outil de traduction et m'a donné de précieux conseils pour coder en JS. Merci Adam! 🙏` }, references: { en: md`## References`, fr: md`## Références` }, functions: { en: md`## Functions and imports`, fr: md`## Fonctions et importations` } }, titles: { "GHG emitted by food and transport (kg eq CO2)": { en: "GHG emitted (kg eq CO2)", fr: "GES émis (kg eq CO2)" }, "GHG emitted by food and transport (%)": { en: "GHG emitted (%)", fr: "GES émis (%)" } }, sources: { boat: { en: "Boat", fr: "Bateau" }, car: { en: "Car", fr: "Automobile" }, plane: { en: "Plane", fr: "Avion" }, product: { en: "Product", fr: "Produit" }, train: { en: "Train", fr: "Train" }, truck: { en: "Truck", fr: "Camion" } }, descriptions: { "is organic": { en: "Certified organic", fr: "Certifié biologique" }, "is not organic": { en: "Not certified organic", fr: "N'est pas certifié biologique" }, "is absolute": { en: "Absolute emissions", fr: "Émissions absolues" }, "is relative": { en: "Relative emissions", fr: "Émissions relatives" }, "We don't have an organic factor for this product.": { en: "We don't have the factor to assess the organic effect for this product.", fr: "Nous n'avons pas le facteur pour estimer l'effet biologique de ce produit." }, "Weight of product (kg)": { en: "Weight of product (kg)", fr: "Poids du produit (kg)" }, "Distance by car (km)": { en: "Distance by car (km)", fr: "Distance par automobile (km)" }, "Car fuel consumption (L / 100 km)": { en: "Car fuel consumption (L / 100 km)", fr: "Consommation de carburant automobile (L / 100 km)" }, "Distance by truck (km)": { en: "Distance by truck (km)", fr: "Distance par camion (km)" }, "Distance by train (km)": { en: "Distance by train (km)", fr: "Distance par train (km)" }, "Distance by boat (km)": { en: "Distance by boat (km)", fr: "Distance par bateau (km)" }, "Distance by plane (km)": { en: "Distance by plane (km)", fr: "Distance par avion (km)" } }, food_products: { "Wheat & Rye (Bread)": { en: "Wheat & Rye (Bread)", fr: "Blé et seigle (pain)" }, "Maize (Meal)": { en: "Maize (Meal)", fr: "Maïs (repas)" }, "Barley (Beer)": { en: "Barley (Beer)", fr: "Orge (bière)" }, Oatmeal: { en: "Oatmeal", fr: "Flocons d'avoine" }, Rice: { en: "Rice", fr: "Riz" }, Potatoes: { en: "Potatoes", fr: "Pommes de terre" }, Cassava: { en: "Cassava", fr: "Manioc" }, "Cane Sugar": { en: "Cane Sugar", fr: "Sucre de canne" }, "Beet Sugar": { en: "Beet Sugar", fr: "Sucre de bettrave" }, "Other Pulses": { en: "Other Pulses", fr: "Autres légumineuses" }, Peas: { en: "Peas", fr: "Pois" }, Nuts: { en: "Nuts", fr: "Noix" }, Groundnuts: { en: "Groundnuts", fr: "Arachides" }, Soymilk: { en: "Soymilk", fr: "Lait de soya" }, Tofu: { en: "Tofu", fr: "Tofu" }, "Soybean Oil": { en: "Soybean Oil", fr: "Huile de soya" }, "Palm Oil": { en: "Palm Oil", fr: "Huile de palme" }, "Sunflower Oil": { en: "Sunflower Oil", fr: "Huile de tournesol" }, "Rapeseed Oil": { en: "Rapeseed Oil", fr: "Huile de colza" }, "Olive Oil": { en: "Olive Oil", fr: "Huile d'olive" }, Tomatoes: { en: "Tomatoes", fr: "Tomates" }, "Onions & Leeks": { en: "Onions & Leeks", fr: "Oignons et poireaux" }, "Root Vegetables": { en: "Root Vegetables", fr: "Légumes-racines" }, Brassicas: { en: "Brassicas", fr: "Brassicas" }, "Other Vegetables": { en: "Other Vegetables", fr: "Autres légumes" }, "Citrus Fruit": { en: "Citrus Fruit", fr: "Agrumes" }, Bananas: { en: "Bananas", fr: "Bananes" }, Apples: { en: "Apples", fr: "Pommes" }, "Berries & Grapes": { en: "Berries & Grapes", fr: "Petits fruits et raisins" }, Wine: { en: "Wine", fr: "Vin" }, "Other Fruit": { en: "Other Fruit", fr: "Autres fruits" }, Coffee: { en: "Coffee", fr: "Café" }, "Dark Chocolate": { en: "Dark Chocolate", fr: "Chocolat noir" }, "Beef (beef herd)": { en: "Beef (beef herd)", fr: "Bœuf (troupeau bovin)" }, "Beef (dairy herd)": { en: "Beef (dairy herd)", fr: "Bœuf (troupeau laitier)" }, "Lamb & Mutton": { en: "Lamb & Mutton", fr: "Agneau et mouton" }, "Pig Meat": { en: "Pig Meat", fr: "Viande de porc" }, "Poultry Meat": { en: "Poultry Meat", fr: "Viande de volaille" }, Milk: { en: "Milk", fr: "Lait" }, Cheese: { en: "Cheese", fr: "Fromage" }, Eggs: { en: "Eggs", fr: "Œufs" }, "Fish (farmed)": { en: "Fish (farmed)", fr: "Poisson (d'élevage)" }, "Shrimps (farmed)": { en: "Shrimps (farmed)", fr: "Crevettes (d'élevage)" } } }; }36:[{"id":"fafae302a874c1a5b9775e95648ebe6034519e83560f86d6a870a175b2e15f55f10f9385f646f626e75f1528c76a6b7c8573358281d6ba8ad6436695f60b258a","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/fafae302a874c1a5b9775e95648ebe6034519e83560f86d6a870a175b2e15f55f10f9385f646f626e75f1528c76a6b7c8573358281d6ba8ad6436695f60b258a","name":"ghg_food.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1592571591469.603,"size":1323}] 31:{"id":"b93e32d994e66119","slug":"ghg-emitted-from-food-miles","title":"GES émis par les produits alimentaires et leur 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\"introduction\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":271,"value":"viewof product_name = {\n const options = ghg_food_entries.map(ghg_food_entry => {\n return ``;\n }).join(\"\\n\")\n \n return html``;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":729,"value":"viewof is_organic = toggle({title: translate(\"descriptions\", \"is organic\"), title_off: translate(\"descriptions\", \"is not organic\"), value: false})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":480,"value":"viewof transport_values = inputsGroup(\n \n[\n [\n slider({value: 10, min: 1, max: 50, step: 1, description: translate(\"descriptions\", \"Weight of product (kg)\")}),\n slider({value: 10, min: 0, max: 100, step: 1, description: translate(\"descriptions\", \"Distance by car (km)\")\n}),\n slider({value: 9, min: 2, max: 20, step: 1, description: translate(\"descriptions\", \"Car fuel consumption (L / 100 km)\"),\n})\n ],\n [\n slider({value: 5000, min: 0, max: 10000, step: 10, description: translate(\"descriptions\", \"Distance by truck (km)\")\n}),\n slider({value: 0, min: 0, max: 10000, step: 50, description: translate(\"descriptions\", \"Distance by train (km)\")\n}),\n slider({value: 0, min: 0, max: 50000, step: 100, description: translate(\"descriptions\", \"Distance by boat (km)\")\n}),\n slider({value: 0, min: 0, max: 50000, step: 100, description: translate(\"descriptions\", \"Distance by plane (km)\")\n}),\n ]\n] \n)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":573,"value":"md `**Total: ${Math.round(d3.sum(simulation, x => x.ghg) * 10) / 10} kg CO₂eq**`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":889,"value":"viewof is_absolute = toggle({title: translate(\"descriptions\", \"is absolute\"), title_off: translate(\"descriptions\", \"is relative\"), value: true})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":855,"value":"$33","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":640,"value":"md `

${ no_organic_factor_message }

`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":459,"value":"translate(\"text\", \"methodology_section\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":170,"value":"translate(\"text\", \"methodology - ghg transport\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":6,"value":"ghg_transport = [\n {transport: \"truck\", factor: 0.094},\n {transport: \"train\", factor: 0.026},\n {transport: \"boat\", factor: 0.013},\n {transport: \"plane\", factor: 0.574} // https://www.ecta.com/resources/Documents/Best%20Practices%20Guidelines/guideline_for_measuring_and_managing_co2.pdf\n]; // kgCO2 / (t*km)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":314,"value":"translate(\"text\", \"methodology - ghg per food\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":787,"value":"md `

\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":821,"value":"translate(\"text\", \"methodology - poore & nemecek figure\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":802,"value":"translate(\"text\", \"methodology - organic factor\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":804,"value":"md `

\n`\n\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":829,"value":"translate(\"text\", \"methodology - clark & tilman figure\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":180,"value":"translate(\"text\", \"methodology - compute\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":214,"value":"ghg_food_entries = d3.csvParse(await FileAttachment(\"ghg_food.csv\").text(), d3.autoType)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":851,"value":"translate(\"text\", \"references\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":848,"value":"md `Clark, Michael, et David Tilman. « Comparative analysis of environmental impacts of agricultural production systems, agricultural input efficiency, and food choice ». Environmental Research Letters, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa6cd5.\n\nPoore, J., et T. Nemecek. « Reducing food’s environmental impacts through producers and consumers ». Science, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaq0216.`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":466,"value":"translate(\"text\", \"thanks\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":434,"value":"translate(\"text\", \"functions\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":735,"value":"values = [[is_organic]].concat(transport_values)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":14,"value":"$34","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":31,"value":"simulation = {\n const [\n [\n is_organic\n ],\n [\n mass,\n d_car,\n car_consumption\n ],\n [\n d_truck,\n d_train,\n d_boat,\n d_plane\n ]\n ] = values;\n \n return ghg(\n product,\n is_organic,\n mass,\n d_truck,\n d_train,\n d_boat,\n d_plane,\n d_car,\n car_consumption,\n ghg_food_entries\n );\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":593,"value":"product = ghg_food_entries.find(food_entry => food_entry[\"Food product\"] === product_name)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":636,"value":"no_organic_factor_message = {\n if (product[\"O-C ratio\"] === \"NA\" && values[0][0]) {\n return (translations[\"descriptions\"][\"We don't have an organic factor for this product.\"][language])\n } else {\n return (\"\")\n }\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":414,"value":"$35","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":417,"value":"function translate(type, str, lang) {\n if (!lang) {\n lang = language;\n }\n \n if (!translations[type]) {\n throw new Error(`Did not find translations of type \"${type}\"`);\n }\n \n if (!translations[type][str]) {\n throw new Error(`Did not find \"${str}\" in translations of type \"${type}\"`);\n }\n \n if (!translations[type][str][lang]) {\n return str;\n }\n \n return translations[type][str][lang];\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":36,"value":"import { vl } from \"@vega/vega-lite-api\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":45,"value":"import {slider} from \"@jashkenas/inputs\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":476,"value":"import {inputsGroup} from \"@bumbeishvili/input-groups\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":708,"value":"import {toggle} from \"@kelleyvanevert/little-things\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":215,"value":"d3 = require(\"d3@5\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"}],"files":"$W36","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}} 32:"$31:body"