2c:null 2d:["$","title",null,{"children":"Financial Functions | Hamza Amjad | Observable"}] 32:T4f6,md` Examples taken in large part from [CFA Institute Investment Foundations, Third Edition - Chapter 19](https://www.cfainstitute.org/-/media/documents/support/programs/investment-foundations/19-performance-evaluation.ashx?la=en&hash=F7FF3085AAFADE241B73403142AAE0BB1250B311). Goal is to recreate graphics in SVG and return calculations as JavaScript functions. Data is sourced from

. This is a living document. This document is a work in progress. # Return Measures ## Holding-Period Return (HPR) The performance of a security, such as an equity (stock) or debt (bond) security, over a specific time period—called the holding period—is referred to as the holding-period return. The holding-period return measures the total gain or loss that an investor owning a security achieves over the specified period compared with the investment at the beginning of the period. The return over the holding period usually comes from two sources: changes in the price (capital gain or loss) and income (dividends or interest). `33:Ta99,figure_one = svg``34:[{"id":"b30da60fdeb5abf834a238cf658d7e1896370489f6642cadf1c9f8f64ec2013d7e4c1fe16c6646edc84e57f1c90321bc74136f8589a2530c21de1a68821aca3b","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/b30da60fdeb5abf834a238cf658d7e1896370489f6642cadf1c9f8f64ec2013d7e4c1fe16c6646edc84e57f1c90321bc74136f8589a2530c21de1a68821aca3b","name":"^RUA (1).csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1610172305984.92,"size":580433}] 30:{"id":"187de910e2015549","slug":"financial-functions","title":"Financial Functions","thumbnail":"fb5acec3f29c4b2bdaac1c6e84d5ce89e222704912b9f81469b032b14ba0cc33","access_level":"public","create_time":"$D2020-12-13T03:37:57.706Z","update_time":"$D2021-01-15T02:49:54.897Z","view_time":null,"first_public_time":"$D2021-01-02T13:26:58.039Z","has_unpublished_edits":null,"fork":false,"stars":0,"starred":false,"owner":{"type":"team","id":"94ec2c192e76a917","login":"hamzaamjad","name":"Hamza Amjad","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/5f8ce1ecf5125d1485b2d84a32df05d44154c33343eb404b136c425f2dfb5ebe","tier":"starter_2024"},"version":301,"publish_version":301,"role":null,"authored":false,"authors":[{"type":"individual","id":"9efdccbbde682173","login":"hamzaamjad","name":"Hamza Amjad","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/5f8ce1ecf5125d1485b2d84a32df05d44154c33343eb404b136c425f2dfb5ebe","tier":null}],"members":[{"type":"individual","id":"9efdccbbde682173","login":"hamzaamjad","name":"Hamza Amjad","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/5f8ce1ecf5125d1485b2d84a32df05d44154c33343eb404b136c425f2dfb5ebe","tier":null,"role":"editor"}],"comments":[],"custom_thumbnail":true,"trashed":false,"lapsed":null,"subscribed":null,"forks":0,"collection":null,"type":"notebook","body":{"titling":"auto","title":"Financial Functions","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"md`# Financial Functions`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":4,"value":"$32","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":18,"value":"$33","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":244,"value":"function hpr(data, start_date, end_date) {\n // add functionality to specify the \"name\" of the DATE and PRICE columns\n start_date = new Date(start_date);\n end_date = new Date(end_date);\n\n const start_price = data.find(d => d.date.getTime() === start_date.getTime())\n .close;\n const end_price = data.find(d => d.date.getTime() === end_date.getTime())\n .close;\n\n const hpr = (end_price - start_price) / start_price;\n return hpr;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":253,"value":"hpr(russell, \"Sept 10, 1987\", \"Sept 14, 2000\")","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":278,"value":"function twr(data, start_date, end_date) {\n // add functionality to specify the \"name\" of the DATE and PRICE columns\n start_date = new Date(start_date);\n end_date = new Date(end_date);\n\n const filtered_data = data.filter(\n d =>\n (d.date.getTime() >= start_date.getTime()) &\n (d.date.getTime() <= end_date.getTime())\n );\n\n const prices = filtered_data.map(d => d.close);\n const prices_lagged = prices.slice(1);\n\n const daily_return = prices.slice(0, -1).map((e, i) => prices_lagged[i] / e);\n\n const geometric_mean =\n daily_return.reduce(\n (accumulator, currentValue) => accumulator * currentValue\n ) - 1;\n\n return geometric_mean;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":280,"value":"twr(russell, \"Sept 10, 1987\", \"Sept 14, 2000\")","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":185,"value":"md`\n\n# Appendix\n\n## Source Data\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":196,"value":"russell = {\n const raw = await FileAttachment(\"^RUA (1).csv\").csv();\n\n const data = raw.map(d => ({\n date: parseDate(d.Date),\n close: parseFloat(d[\"Adj Close\"])\n }));\n\n return data;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":210,"value":"md`\n\n## Helper Functions\n\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":211,"value":"parseDate = d3.timeParse(\"%Y-%m-%d\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":200,"value":"md`\n\n## Imports\n\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":205,"value":"d3 = require(\"d3\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"}],"files":"$W34","stdlib":"1"}} 31:"$30:body"