2d:null 2e:["$","title",null,{"children":"The European Parliament X-Ray | infographeo | Observable"}] 33:T1524,The European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS) is designed to provide key facts and figures about the European Parliament. Still, in a time and day that the average EU citizen is bombarded with tons of information on their screen, it becomes all the more important that the important work of the European Parliament is presented in a fashion that is easy to ingest and quick to remember. The following sections look at different angles on the composition of our European Parliament with a view to casting the light properly so that data can tell us their interesting stories. Upon carefully reviewing the data presented in [the March 2022 briefing](https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/1f47c9ea6fd8132a802e3574cfdc17e2398cc012d45a35982adcf4a4bd5a936d05bb0722b9a57696f8dfe47470a82d827a3d5e357a0a418e1a10b807f56d7541?response-content-disposition=attachment%3Bfilename*%3DUTF-8%27%27EN-EP%2520Facts%2520and%2520Figures_EN.pdf) issued by the EPRS, we are driven to two distinct direction in terms of achieveing an effective storytelling that can keep the reader engrossed and seeking even a deeper deep dive: 1. The political standpoint 2. The personal standpoint The political standpoint addresses the data contained in the report with a perspective that illuminates the prevailing ideological groups in the European parliament and conveys the stories how the voices of the european citizens accross the continent are mapped into policy makers on the parliamentary floor. This standpoint is probably the most well-known featurette in european journalists, showcasing the influence of each political group, the historical changes in representations and tectonic shifts happening alongside the left-right axis, as well as how geography and tradition in each country is leaving its footprint on the groups' consistency. The second standpoint looks at the report data in a more politically colorblind fashion, seeking the stories showcasing the demographics on the people that the european public has chosen to represent them on the highest level in european politics. Taking one step back, this standpoint is looking at the composition of the european parliament in terms of origin, gender, age, new versus re-elected, as well as turnout and gender quotas. We do believe that taking such a perspective is crucially important in highlighting the profile of the MEPs, as it triggers the right questions to the reader to investigate whether the composition of the european parliament is in fact reflecting the modern-day societies in Europe. When it comes to selecting the most effective type of visualisation to better convey the stories manifested in this report, we opt for the humble **circle** as the core illustration element. As a geometrical shape, the circle indicates harmony and symmetry, its size and perimeter is proportianally linked to its radius, it abstains from hooks and sharp corners in favor of simplicity and inclusion. The very flag of the European Union is in fact featuring 12 stars evenly and symmetrically placed alongside the perimeter of a circle centered in the middle of the flag. This so elementary and familiar shape is then the ideal means to depict the atoms of the democracy, the people who speak on the parliamentary floor on behalf of the european citizens. By showcasing every MEP as a circle, we can apply the proper coloring and sizing techniques to represent the political spectrum, as well as the parliamentary demographics. With the proper animations on top of color, size, positioning, and inclusion, we can effectively outline the standpoints and the angles from which we look at the data. Using the circle as the main data visualisation element does not prohibit us from applying different shapes and rendering techniques in achieving a more effective story telling. We firmly believe that it makes perfect sense to use the right tool for the right job. When it comes to highlighting how the East-West or North-South geographical lines affect political behavior, a map or a choropleth appears as a more sensible choice. However, we cannot stress out enough that it is people who vote, not land. Geographical maps tend to introduce a certain bias by their own nature in their attempt to depict a spherical object onto the two-dimensional space, which often mislead the reader in interpreting surface area as proportional to parliamentary representation. European countries have a varying population density and it is population, not land that determines the number of seats on the parliament. Circles can play there an important role in better visualing each country's share of seats on the parliament. The following stories are derived by inherently deep-diving into the data of [the March 2022 briefing](https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/1f47c9ea6fd8132a802e3574cfdc17e2398cc012d45a35982adcf4a4bd5a936d05bb0722b9a57696f8dfe47470a82d827a3d5e357a0a418e1a10b807f56d7541?response-content-disposition=attachment%3Bfilename*%3DUTF-8%27%27EN-EP%2520Facts%2520and%2520Figures_EN.pdf) and are meant to capture the reader's attention and even potentially bust common myths, alter perceptions and raise eyebrows. While we readily recognise that the EPRS may choose to feature the stories that are more politically-correct in their official media outlet, we still do see value in also listing the inconvenient thruths that popped up in our analysis. 34:T9e6,## The Political Spectrum in Europe - now & then The European Parliament is home to all sorts of political voices and their ambiance has greatly varied from the very first direct elections in June 1979 all the way to the latest ones held in May 2019. The electorate has been shifting left and right in the past 30 years resonating the sociopolitical changes in the European continent. To better understand how the composition has changed to what it is today, we need to do three things; First, we need to recognise historical continuity. The European Parliament was not born yesterday, it has a presence of more than 30 years now. The first categorisation needs to be the horizontal timeline, where election years are marked as circular bullet points on it that the user may click to select a certain period. In an effort to be graphically "heretic" we propose to position the latest election year (2019) to the left and the last one (1979) to the right. This is because most people read from left to right and their immediate interest would be to inspect the latest state of the parliament than the oldest. ***Here we need a timeline graphical element to show how we indicate election dates from now till the very past*** Secondly, we need to steer away of geographical maps in favor of bubble charts - after all, it is people who vote, not land. The seats in the European Parliament are proportional to each country's population, not its surface area, so we need to use circles as a better measure representing each country's leverage. A good use case is then to examine whether countries with a high population have a different voting behavior than smaller ones. We then suggest using maps when we wish to highlight a certain voting behavior that may have geographical characteristics, such as to indicate disparities between the North and the South or East and West parts of Europe. ***Here we need a bubble chart example*** Secondly, the EU parliament is often an extrapolation of national parliaments, where citizens are often more keen on identifying political parties in the right-center-left axis rather than referring to them by name. Without using heavy numerical or textual information, we can in fact use rectangles positioned horizontally, each colored by party's color code and as wide as their representation on the parliament. Thus, it is much easier for end-users to comprehend both the political group's position in the political spectrum. *** Here we need horizontal bar charts changing historically*** 35:Tb2b,## Electoral system for the European Parliament & Turnout in Elections 1. We can visualise the percentage of turnout with reference to the size of a country's population. This is important to point out, because it is people who show up to vote, not percentages. The 41.9% who showed up to vote in the Netherlands constitutes way more people than the 45% in Cyprus. Showing the number of people in millions who did show up to vote can carry a powerful message. At the same time, showing how turnout can impact the representation in countries with similar population can also be important to visualise. 2. Greece has a steady turnout that is way above the European average already since 1979, closing to 58.7% in 2019. Notice that Greece has had its lowest turnout ever in 2009, down to 52.6%, a staggering drop exceeding 10% since the previous elections in 2004. This seemingly inexplicable drop is actually linked to an interesting coincidence. The elections took place on Sunday, 7th of June 2009, the exact same day of the Orthodox Pentecost that year, followed by Whit Monday, a public holiday. With pretty fair weather, many chose to escape for the long weekend instead of casting their vote. Notice that participation climbed up to 60% in the elections that followed in 2014. 3. Timing is of the essence in determining turnout. Election in 2009 took place on 7 June 2009. In Lithuania, the onset of the financial crisis after years of economic growth led to economic and social security issues dominating the election agenda, despite the limited influence the European Parliament has over the economy of Lithuania. The election took place **just three weeks after the presidential election** and achieved a voter turnout of only 21% - the lowest turnout in any elections in post-communist Lithuania and one of the lowest in Europe. ## New MEPs ### 1. More than 60% of the MPs in 2019 were new members, showing the will of the people of Europe for fresh faces in the Parliament. 2. The traditional forces of the European Parliament (EPP and S&D) rank lowest in the share of new MEPs, an indication that these political groups may favor more well-known faces who have served before in the parliament in their voting ballots. 3. The pie chart in showing the share of new MEPs by political group is wrongfully displaying the share for EPP and S&D 4. It would also be interesting to show also a plot with the actual number of MEPs that are new members per political group. In absolute numbers, the EPP has by far more new members that ID. ## Age of MEPs ### 1. Would be interesting to see a graph comparing the age distribution of the elected MEPs per country against the age distribution in each individual country 2. Best is to show the age distribution of the MEPs as a [ridgeline plot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridgeline_plot) or a beeswarm 36:T990,flare = { let colorCountryScale = d3.scaleOrdinal([...new Set(d3.map(meps9, d => d.mep_citizenship))], countryColors) let genderCountryScale = d3.scaleOrdinal(["female", "male"], ["#FFD4D9", "#B9D8EB"]) let partyColorScale = d3.scaleOrdinal(["S&D", "EPP", "NI", "GUE/NGL", "Renew", "Greens-EFA", "ECR", "ID"], ["#da344c", "#395268", "#91918d", "#64303b", "#f8c76f", "#207b48","#207daf","#6ea4c7"]) return { name: "meps", country: d3.groups(meps9, d => d.mep_citizenship).map((d,i) => {return {name: d[0], color: "lightgray", value: d[1].length}}), countryGrouping: d3.groups(meps9, d => d.mep_citizenship).map((d,i) => {return {name: d[0], color: colorCountryScale(d[0]), children: d[1].map(e => {return {name: `${e.mep_given_name} ${e.mep_family_name}`, value: 1, ...e }})}}), partyGrouping: d3.groups(meps9, d => d.political_group_abb).map((d,i) => {return {name: d[0], color: partyColorScale(d[0]), children: d[1].map(e => {return {name: `${e.mep_given_name} ${e.mep_family_name}`, value: 1, ...e }})}}), genderGrouping: d3.groups(meps9, d => d.mep_gender).map((d,i) => {return {name: d[0], color: genderCountryScale(d[0]), children: d[1].map(e => {return {name: `${e.mep_given_name} ${e.mep_family_name}`, value: 1, ...e }})}}), countryGenderGrouping: d3.groups(meps9, d => d.mep_citizenship).map((d,i) => {return { name: d[0], color: "#FEFEFE", children: d3.groups(d[1], d => d.mep_gender).map((d,i) => {return {name: d[0], color: genderCountryScale(d[0]), children: d[1].map(e => {return {name: `${e.mep_given_name} ${e.mep_family_name}`, color: "whitesmoke", value: 1, ...e }})}}) }}), partyGenderGrouping: d3.groups(meps9, d => d.political_group_abb).map((d,i) => {return { name: d[0], color: partyColorScale(d[0]), children: d3.groups(d[1], d => d.mep_gender).map((d,i) => {return {name: d[0], color: genderCountryScale(d[0]), children: d[1].map(e => {return {name: `${e.mep_given_name} ${e.mep_family_name}`, color: "whitesmoke", value: 1, ...e }})}}) }}), countryPartyGrouping: d3.groups(meps9, d => d.mep_citizenship).map((d,i) => {return { name: d[0], color: "#FEFEFE", children: d3.groups(d[1], d => d.political_group_abb).map((d,i) => {return {name: d[0], color: partyColorScale(d[0]), children: d[1].map(e => {return {name: `${e.mep_given_name} ${e.mep_family_name}`, color: "whitesmoke", value: 1, ...e }})}}) }}), } }37:Tf0d,function circlePack(width = 0.98 * window.innerWidth, height = width/phi) { let format = d3.format(",d"); let minSize = d3.min([width, height]); let bgColor = "#FEFEFE"; let color = d3.scaleLinear() .domain([0, 5]) .range(["hsl(152,80%,80%)", "hsl(228,30%,40%)"]) .interpolate(d3.interpolateHcl); let svg = d3.create("svg") .attr("viewBox", `-${width / 2} -${height / 2} ${width} ${height}`) .style("display", "block") .style("margin", "0 -14px") .style("background", bgColor) .style("cursor", "pointer"); let nodesContainer = svg.append("g").attr("class", "nodes-container"); let labelsContainer = svg.append("g").attr("class", "labels-container") .style("font", "20px sans-serif") .style("stroke", "#FFF") .style("stroke-width", 0.5) .attr("pointer-events", "none") .attr("text-anchor", "middle"); return Object.assign(svg.node(), { update(data) { let pack = dat => d3.pack() .size([width, height]) .padding(3) (d3.hierarchy(dat) .sum(d => d.value) .sort((a, b) => b.value - a.value)); let root = pack(data); let focus = root; let view; let nodes = nodesContainer.selectAll("circle.node").data(root.descendants().slice(1), d => d.data.name); nodes .enter() .append("circle") .attr("class", "node") .attr("pointer-events", d => !d.children ? "none" : null) .transition() .duration(1000) .delay((d,i) => 10 * (d.r * minSize / (root.r * 2))) .attr("fill", d => d.data.color ? d.data.color : "white" ) .attr("stroke", d => d3.rgb(d.data.color ? d.data.color : "white" ).darker(0.66)) .attr("transform", d => `translate(${(d.x - root.x) * minSize / (root.r * 2)},${(d.y - root.y) * minSize / (root.r * 2)})`) .attr("r", d => d.r * minSize / (root.r * 2)); nodes .transition() .duration(1000) .delay((d,i) => 10 * (d.r * minSize / (root.r * 2))) .attr("stroke", d => d3.rgb(d.data.color ? d.data.color : "white" ).darker(0.66)) .attr("fill", d => d.data.color ? d.data.color : "white" ) .attr("transform", d => `translate(${(d.x - root.x) * minSize / (root.r * 2)},${(d.y - root.y) * minSize / (root.r * 2)})`) .attr("r", d => d.r * minSize / (root.r * 2)); nodes .exit() .transition() .duration(1000) .delay((d,i) => 10 * (d.r * minSize / (root.r * 2))) .remove(); let labels = labelsContainer.selectAll("text.label").data(root.descendants(), d => d.data.name); labels .enter() .append("text") .attr("class", "label") .style("fill-opacity", 0) .style("display", d => d.parent === root ? "inline" : "none") .style("fill", "#333") .attr("dy", 4) .transition() .duration(1000) .delay((d,i) => 10 * (d.r * minSize / (root.r * 2))) .attr("transform", d => `translate(${(d.x - root.x) * minSize / (root.r * 2)},${(d.y - root.y) * minSize / (root.r * 2)})`) .style("fill-opacity", d => d.parent === root ? 1 : 0) .text(d => d.data.name); labels .style("fill-opacity", d => d.parent === root ? 1 : 0) .style("display", d => d.parent === root ? "inline" : "none") .style("fill", "#333") .transition() .duration(1000) .delay((d,i) => 10 * (d.r * minSize / (root.r * 2))) .attr("transform", d => `translate(${(d.x - root.x) * minSize / (root.r * 2)},${(d.y - root.y) * minSize / (root.r * 2)})`) .text(d => d.data.name); labels .exit() .transition() .duration(1000) .delay((d,i) => 10 * (d.r * minSize / (root.r * 2))) .remove(); } }); }38:T434,partyPercentageCircleAxis = (party) => { let maxPartyPercentage = partiesRanking.map(p => d3.groups(meps9, d => d.mep_citizenship).map(d => d[1].filter(e => e.political_group_abb === p[0]).length / d[1].length)).flat(); let countries = d3.groups(meps9, d => d.mep_citizenship); let partyPercentages = d3.groups(meps9, d => d.mep_citizenship).map(d => [d[0], d[1].filter(e => e.political_group_abb === party).length / d[1].length]); let partyTotalPercentage = meps9.filter(d => d.political_group_abb === party).length / meps9.length; let scaleRadius = d3.scaleSqrt().domain(d3.extent(d3.groups(meps9, d => d.mep_citizenship).map(d => d[1].length))).range([15,60]); let bubble = bubbleChart2(0.98 * window.innerWidth,500, { top: 10, right: 150, bottom: 50, left: 150, gap: 5 }); let bubbleUpdate = bubble.update(countries.map((d,i) => { return {id: d[0], value: partyPercentages[i][1], size: scaleRadius(d[1].length), color: "#CCC", input: {id: d[0], title: d[0], format: ".0%"} }; }), d3.extent(maxPartyPercentage), partyTotalPercentage) return bubble; }39:Te73,partyCircleAxisTexts = (party) => { let texts = { "S&D": "The S&D group maintains traditionally strong roots in the European South; in particular, it is in Spain where they elect the majority of their members in the Parliament and it is in Malta where they are represented by 66.67%. In the past, Greece used to contribute a significant part of the country's seats to the S&D; this changed since the financial crisis hit the country in 2010 and led to the former governing party PA.SO.K in gradually losing their influence.", "EPP": "The EPP is currently the largest political group in the European Parliament and the only one to elect at least one member in each EU country.", "NI": "The Non-Inscribed representatives are steadily growing percentage-wise from 2014 and onwards, indicating that strong disagreements within political groups are more likely to lead to separation than what was the case in the past. Hungary has the highest number of Non-Inscribed members in the European Parliament, as the consequence of Viktor Orbán’s Fidesz party leaving the European People Party’s (EPP) faction in the European Parliament.", "GUE/NGL": html`The Left has amongst the highest representations in Greece, whose member SY.RI.ZA has been in power since 2015 till 2019, reflecting on the political shifts that happened in the country during the financial crisis that hit the country since 2010. Cyprus is also another Southern European country where the Left maintains historically strong roots.
In all the countries that were once part of the old Soviet block, it is only Czechia that the Left are winning just one single seat. At the same time, the Left has way more seats within the countries of the former Western Block and a significant represenation in countries with high GDP (Germany, France, Spain, Ireland).`, "Renew": "Denmark has by far the highest ratio (42.9%) in the representation of the political group Renew Europe in the European Parliament. The political group marks themselves as a pro-European political group in the European Parliament fighting for freedom and civil rights, while securing economic growth and jobs. While Denmark has a strong pro-Europe voice in the parliament, they have chosen not to adopt the euro as their currency. Denmark is indeed, now that the UK has left the EU, the only EU country that is officially exempt from joining the eurozone and will not do so without a referendum being held in Denmark to approve of it.", "Greens-EFA": "The Greens maintain a strong presence in Germany, where they are making 25% of the total seats, while they are part of the latest government coalition. While the Greens have a representation exceeding their percentage in Western and Northern Europe (Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands), at the same time, they are underepresented in the South of Europe, where in many countries (Greece, Cyprus, Malta, Bulgaria) they are not electing any members.", "ECR": "Poland is the European Conservatives and Reformists Group's (ECR) stronghold, reflecting the euroscepticism in this country, while at the same time the Greens/EFA has a much smaller presence. Promoting the European clean air act policies in Poland has lead to heated debates, where coal comprises a high percentage of the country's energy mix.", "ID": "Italy is where the Identity and Democracy group has the highest representation, where also the Lega party has gained in popularity. The ID party has been steadily increasing its footprint since 2009, where voices for tighter immigration policies became stronger in combination with the refugee crisis we have seen in past 10 years" } return texts[party]; }3a:[{"id":"aa521eb7c153bfeb1e532967228eeb4597614206cf68b7414d36718645b3f475b48f05472f62a990b9e5b0d437cf13346ab1670cef265c463898af8fb5d2e0ed","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/aa521eb7c153bfeb1e532967228eeb4597614206cf68b7414d36718645b3f475b48f05472f62a990b9e5b0d437cf13346ab1670cef265c463898af8fb5d2e0ed","name":"meps2022.json","type":"application/json","lastModified":1686948942764.11,"size":393147},{"id":"1f47c9ea6fd8132a802e3574cfdc17e2398cc012d45a35982adcf4a4bd5a936d05bb0722b9a57696f8dfe47470a82d827a3d5e357a0a418e1a10b807f56d7541","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/1f47c9ea6fd8132a802e3574cfdc17e2398cc012d45a35982adcf4a4bd5a936d05bb0722b9a57696f8dfe47470a82d827a3d5e357a0a418e1a10b807f56d7541","name":"EN-EP Facts and 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31:{"id":"5d29f15180001cb3","slug":"the-european-parliament-x-ray","title":"The European Parliament X-Ray","thumbnail":"392c5df02ab390f5d3f21903483b87addb2533c5db83a895deb08b0b319b14e7","access_level":"public","create_time":"$D2023-06-02T09:44:59.941Z","update_time":"$D2023-06-22T22:19:28.639Z","view_time":null,"first_public_time":"$D2023-06-02T09:44:59.941Z","has_unpublished_edits":null,"fork":false,"stars":1,"starred":false,"owner":{"type":"team","id":"25b70a872b3828dd","login":"infographeo","name":"infographeo","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/16798d7c40be0311619918097a95e283dd1c432e23392674264f3e2194d225fa","tier":"starter_2024"},"version":669,"publish_version":null,"role":null,"authored":false,"authors":[{"type":"individual","id":"1dd636c4a6dd2c5c","login":"infographeo","name":"infographeo","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/16798d7c40be0311619918097a95e283dd1c432e23392674264f3e2194d225fa","tier":null}],"members":[{"type":"individual","id":"1dd636c4a6dd2c5c","login":"infographeo","name":"infographeo","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/16798d7c40be0311619918097a95e283dd1c432e23392674264f3e2194d225fa","tier":null,"role":"editor"}],"comments":[],"custom_thumbnail":false,"trashed":false,"lapsed":null,"subscribed":null,"forks":0,"collection":{"id":"d9a72db102cbfe91","slug":"elections","title":"Elections","owner":{"id":"25b70a872b3828dd","login":"infographeo","name":"infographeo"}},"type":"notebook","body":{"title":"The European Parliament X-Ray","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"# The European Parliament X-Ray\n## The stories behind the facts & figures","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":7,"value":"$33","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":428,"value":"$34","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":246,"value":"### Highlights in the current and historical evolution of parliamentary composition:\n1. The Left + S&D + Greens are leaning more to the left and are composing 36.5% of the parliament with the rest 63.5% leaning more to the right; \n2. The Non-Inscribed representatives are steadily growing percentage-wise from 2014 and onwards, indicating that strong disagreements within political groups are more likely to lead to separation than what was the case in the past.\n3. Up until 2014, The EPP and the S&D as the more traditional political groups in Europe held the majority in the European parliament, comprising more than 51% of the electorates. Since 2019 and on, we see instead the Greens/EFA and Renew Europe increasing their footprint, a possible sign that tackling Global Warming and adopting more liberal standpoints have gone higher in the agenda for european constituents.\n\n\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":570,"value":"### Political Group representation across EU Countries\nParliamentary seats are proportional to each country's population, which is an aspect that we do need to take into account in representing the respective influence of each political group's. A lower percentage in a country with a greater population may yield more members that a high percentage in a country with a much smaller population and many stories may be extracted out of this. To visualise this, we render each country as a circle whose area is proportional to their population.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":616,"value":"{ let chart1 = circlePack(); chart1.update({name: flare.name, children: flare.country}); return chart1;}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":629,"value":"If we wanted to show how many members are associated with each EU country, we would have the following graph","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":625,"value":"{ let chart1 = circlePack(); chart1.update({name: flare.name, children: flare.countryGrouping}); return chart1;}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":634,"value":"These circles are then positioned on the horizontal axis depending either on the political group's percentage or the political group's elected members. The following sections showcase these findings for all current political groups across all EU countries.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":510,"value":"htl.html`\n

\n${partiesRanking.map(d => htl.html`\n

${meps9.find(e => e.political_group_abb === d[0]).political_group} (${d[0]})

${partyCircleAxisTexts(d[0])}

Percentage of Representation

${partyPercentageCircleAxis(d[0])}

Elected Members

${partyMembersCircleAxis(d[0])}

`)}\n

`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":637,"value":"Showing political groups as inclusive circles containing one dot per member, we can immediately recognise some patterns. We can see then that the political groups ECR, Greens, and ID are comparable in size. At the same time, the Non-Inscribed members have a noticeable presence in the parliament, even larger that the GUE/NGL.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":293,"value":"{ let chart1 = circlePack(); chart1.update({name: flare.name, children: flare.partyGrouping}); return chart1;}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":296,"value":"This is how seats are allocated between the different political groups per country of origin. Malta is the only country featuring only two political groups, the EPP and the S&D.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":298,"value":"{ let chart1 = circlePack(); chart1.update({name: flare.name, children: flare.countryPartyGrouping}); return chart1;}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":249,"value":"## Men and Women in the European Parliament\n\nIt is also relevant to indicate here the ratio of men over women as colored parts within circles, each circle indicating either the size of the country or the size of the political group.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":259,"value":"{ let chart1 = circlePack(); chart1.update({name: flare.name, children: flare.genderGrouping}); return chart1;}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":261,"value":"Scandinavian countries, such as Sweden, Finland, and Denmark, alongside the Baltic countries such as Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia, are leading in women's representation in the European parliament. At the same time, many southeastern European countries (Croatia, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Cyprus) are lagging behind the European average, despite three of them (Croatia, Greece, Romania) having gender quotas on the make-up of electoral lists.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":105,"value":"{ let chart1 = circlePack(); chart1.update({name: flare.name, children: flare.countryGenderGrouping}); return chart1;}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":271,"value":"While the EPP and the S&D have more female members on the parliament that then other parties, the male-female ratio is in favour of male over female representatives. At the same time, the Greens-EFA and Renew Europe have a more balanced male-female ratio.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":273,"value":"{ let chart1 = circlePack(); chart1.update({name: flare.name, children: flare.partyGenderGrouping}); return chart1;}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":9,"value":"$35","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":309,"value":"Plot.plot({\n width: window.innerWidth,\n height: 360,\n color: {legend: true},\n x: {grid: true},\n marks: [\n Plot.dotX(meps9, Plot.dodgeY({x: \"age\", title: \"age\", fill: \"mep_gender\", anchor: \"middle\"}))\n ]\n})","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":54,"value":"meps9 = FileAttachment(\"meps2022.json\").json()","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":58,"value":"d3 = require(\"d3@7\")","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":164,"value":"[...new Set(d3.map(meps9, d => d.mep_citizenship))]","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":60,"value":"$36","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":74,"value":"$37","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":79,"value":"phi = 1.618033988749895","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":168,"value":"countryColors = [\n \"#8dd3c7\",\n \"#ffffb3\",\n \"#bebada\",\n \"#fb8072\",\n \"#80b1d3\",\n \"#fdb462\",\n \"#b3de69\",\n \"#fccde5\",\n \"#d9d9d9\",\n \"#bc80bd\",\n \"#ccebc5\",\n \"#ffed6f\",\n \"#8dd3c7\",\n \"#ffffb3\",\n \"#bebada\",\n \"#fb8072\",\n \"#80b1d3\",\n \"#fdb462\",\n \"#b3de69\",\n \"#fccde5\",\n \"#d9d9d9\",\n \"#bc80bd\",\n \"#ccebc5\",\n \"#ffed6f\",\n \"#8dd3c7\",\n \"#ffffb3\",\n \"#bebada\",\n \"#fb8072\",\n \"#80b1d3\"\n]","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":312,"value":"Plot.plot({\n width: window.innerWidth,\n height: 660,\n x: {grid: true, legend: true},\n y: {legend: true, grid: true},\n color: {legend: true},\n marks: [\n Plot.dot(meps9, Plot.dodgeY(\"middle\", {fy: \"political_group_abb\", x: \"age\", fill: \"mep_gender\"}))\n ]\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":371,"value":"import {bubbleChart2} from \"@infographeo/election-shifts\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":440,"value":"$38","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":572,"value":"partyMembersCircleAxis = (party) => {\n let maxPartyMembers = partiesRanking.map(p => d3.groups(meps9, d => d.mep_citizenship).map(d => d[1].filter(e => e.political_group_abb === p[0]).length)).flat();\n let countries = d3.groups(meps9, d => d.mep_citizenship);\n let partyMembers = d3.groups(meps9, d => d.mep_citizenship).map(d => [d[0], d[1].filter(e => e.political_group_abb === party).length]);\n let partyTotalMembers = meps9.filter(d => d.political_group_abb === party).length;\n let scaleRadius = d3.scaleSqrt().domain(d3.extent(d3.groups(meps9, d => d.mep_citizenship).map(d => d[1].length))).range([15,60]);\n let bubble = bubbleChart2(0.98 * window.innerWidth,500, { top: 10, right: 150, bottom: 50, left: 150, gap: 5 });\n let bubbleUpdate = bubble.update(countries.map((d,i) => {\n return {id: d[0], value: partyMembers[i][1], size: scaleRadius(d[1].length), color: \"#CCC\", input: {id: d[0], title: d[0], format: \".0f\"} };\n }), d3.extent(maxPartyMembers), partyTotalMembers)\n return bubble;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":472,"value":"$39","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":474,"value":"partiesRanking ={ \n let membersNonNI = d3.rollups(meps9.filter(d => d.political_group_abb !== \"NI\"), v => v.length, d => d.political_group_abb).sort((a,b) => d3.descending(a[1], b[1]));\n let membersNI = d3.rollups(meps9.filter(d => d.political_group_abb === \"NI\"), v => v.length, d => d.political_group_abb).sort((a,b) => d3.descending(a[1], b[1]));\n return [...membersNonNI, ...membersNI]\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":18,"value":"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"}],"files":"$W3a","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}} 32:"$31:body"