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['redirect', 'redirect', 'redirect', 'redirect', 'redirect', 'redirect']}, {'id': 'Florida State University', 'parents': ['redirect']}, {'id': 'University of Utah', 'parents': ['redirect', 'redirect', 'redirect', 'redirect']}, {'id': 'Purdue University', 'parents': ['redirect']}, {'id': 'College of Environmental Science and Forestry', 'parents': ['redirect']}, {'id': 'University of Kentucky', 'parents': ['redirect', 'redirect', 'injected_snippet']}, {'id': 'Cochise College', 'parents': ['redirect', 'redirect']}, {'id': 'Sewanee The University of the South', 'parents': ['redirect', 'redirect']}, {'id': 'Massachusetts Institute of Technology', 'parents': ['redirect', 'redirect', 'injected_snippet']}, {'id': 'University of Wisconsin, Madison', 'parents': ['redirect']}, {'id': 'Trinity College of Puerto Rico', 'parents': ['redirect', 'redirect']}, {'id': 'CEN', 'parents': ['redirect']}, {'id': 'California State University Long Beach', 'parents': ['redirect', 'redirect']}, {'id': 'The Brookings Institution', 'parents': ['redirect', 'redirect']}, {'id': 'Rogue Community College', 'parents': ['compromised_recomp']}, {'id': 'George Mason University', 'parents': ['injected_snippet', 'injected_snippet', 'redirect', 'redirect']}, {'id': 'State University of New York', 'parents': ['redirect', 'redirect', 'redirect']}, {'id': 'The University of Tennessee', 'parents': ['injected_snippet', 'injected_snippet']}, {'id': 'Butler University', 'parents': ['redirect', 'redirect']}, {'id': 'UCLA School of Law', 'parents': ['injected_snippet', 'injected_snippet', 'redirect', 'injected_snippet', 'injected_snippet']}, {'id': 'The New School', 'parents': ['fake_user']}, {'id': 'The City University of New York', 'parents': ['injected_snippet', 'redirect', 'redirect', 'redirect', 'compromised_recomp', 'redirect']}, {'id': 'San Diego State University', 'parents': ['redirect']}, {'id': 'Washington University in Saint Louis', 'parents': ['injected_snippet']}, {'id': 'Rosemont College', 'parents': ['bot_comment']}, {'id': 'Methodist University', 'parents': ['search_404', 'search_404']}, {'id': 'Lackawanna College', 'parents': ['bot_comment', 'bot_comment']}, {'id': 'Oglala Lakota College', 'parents': ['bot_comment']}, {'id': 'University of Maryland', 'parents': ['compromised_recomp']}, {'id': 'Whitman College', 'parents': ['bot_comment', 'injected_snippet']}, {'id': 'English Learning Institute', 'parents': ['compromised_recomp']}, {'id': 'Mesa Community College', 'parents': ['compromised_recomp']}, {'id': 'Emmanuel College', 'parents': ['bot_comment']}, {'id': 'Albany Technical College', 'parents': ['compromised_recomp']}, {'id': 'Arkansas Northeastern College', 'parents': ['redirect', 'redirect', 'redirect']}, {'id': 'Westminster College, Missouri', 'parents': ['bot_comment']}, {'id': 'Clemson University', 'parents': ['bot_comment']}, {'id': 'Cincinnati State Technical and Community College', 'parents': ['compromised_recomp']}, {'id': 'Academia.edu', 'parents': ['redirect']}, {'id': 'Montana University System', 'parents': ['compromised_recomp']}, {'id': 'Wayne State', 'parents': ['bot_comment']}, {'id': 'Lane Community College', 'parents': ['bot_comment']}, {'id': 'Cleveland State University', 'parents': ['bot_comment', 'bot_comment']}, {'id': 'Dickinson College', 'parents': ['bot_comment']}, {'id': 'Penn State University', 'parents': ['bot_comment']}, {'id': 'Vancouver School of Theology', 'parents': ['compromised_recomp']}, {'id': 'University of Puerto Rico', 'parents': ['compromised_recomp']}, {'id': 'Colgate University', 'parents': ['bot_comment']}, {'id': 'Monterey Institute of International Studies', 'parents': ['bot_comment']}, {'id': 'University of Saint Thomas', 'parents': ['compromised_recomp']}, {'id': 'Drake University', 'parents': ['compromised_recomp']}, {'id': 'Magnet Schools of America', 'parents': ['redirect']}, {'id': 'West Los Angeles College', 'parents': ['bot_comment']}, {'id': 'State University of New York at Plattsburgh', 'parents': ['compromised_recomp']}, {'id': 'West Virginia University', 'parents': ['compromised_recomp']}, {'id': 'Greensboro College', 'parents': ['compromised_recomp']}, {'id': 'University of Nevada Reno', 'parents': ['bot_comment']}, {'id': 'The Touro College and University System', 'parents': ['compromised_recomp']}, {'id': 'Arizona State University', 'parents': ['injected_snippet', 'injected_snippet']}, {'id': 'University of Mary', 'parents': ['bot_comment']}, {'id': 'University of Minnesota', 'parents': ['redirect', 'redirect']}, {'id': 'Bankstreet College of Education', 'parents': ['redirect']}, {'id': 'Luther Seminary', 'parents': ['redirect']}, {'id': 'University of Southern California', 'parents': ['injected_snippet']}, {'id': 'Santa Fe College', 'parents': ['compromised_recomp', 'compromised_recomp']}, {'id': 'University of Nebraska at Lincoln', 'parents': ['redirect']}, {'id': 'Hobart and William Smith Colleges', 'parents': ['redirect']}, {'id': 'University of California Merced', 'parents': ['redirect', 'injected_snippet']}, {'id': 'The New School - Parsons School of Design', 'parents': ['redirect']}, {'id': 'Northwestern University', 'parents': ['redirect']}, {'id': 'Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia', 'parents': ['injected_snippet']}]] // precompute level depth levels.forEach((l,i) => l.forEach(n => n.level = i)) var nodes = levels.reduce( ((a,x) => a.concat(x)), [] ) var nodes_index = {} nodes.forEach(d => nodes_index[d.id] = d) // objectification nodes.forEach(d => { d.parents = (d.parents === undefined ? [] : d.parents).map(p => nodes_index[p]) }) // precompute bundles levels.forEach((l, i) => { var index = {} l.forEach(n => { if(n.parents.length == 0) { return } var id = n.parents.map(d => d.id).sort().join('--') if (id in index) { index[id].parents = index[id].parents.concat(n.parents) } else { index[id] = {id: id, parents: n.parents.slice(), level: i} } n.bundle = index[id] }) l.bundles = Object.keys(index).map(k => index[k]) l.bundles.forEach((b, i) => b.i = i) }) var links = [] nodes.forEach(d => { d.parents.forEach(p => links.push({source: d, bundle: d.bundle, target: p})) }) var bundles = levels.reduce( ((a,x) => a.concat(x.bundles)), [] ) // reverse pointer from parent to bundles bundles.forEach(b => b.parents.forEach(p => { if(p.bundles_index === undefined) { p.bundles_index = {} } if(!(b.id in p.bundles_index)) { p.bundles_index[b.id] = [] } p.bundles_index[b.id].push(b) })) nodes.forEach(n => { if(n.bundles_index !== undefined) { n.bundles = Object.keys(n.bundles_index).map(k => n.bundles_index[k]) } else { n.bundles_index = {} n.bundles = [] } n.bundles.forEach((b, i) => b.i = i) }) links.forEach(l => { if(l.bundle.links === undefined) { l.bundle.links = [] } l.bundle.links.push(l) }) // layout const padding = 8 const node_height = 22 const node_width = 70 const bundle_width = 14 const level_y_padding = 16 const metro_d = 4 const c = 16 const min_family_height = 16 nodes.forEach(n => n.height = (Math.max(1, n.bundles.length)-1)*metro_d) var x_offset = padding var y_offset = padding levels.forEach(l => { x_offset += l.bundles.length*bundle_width y_offset += level_y_padding l.forEach((n, i) => { n.x = n.level*node_width + x_offset n.y = node_height + y_offset + n.height/2 y_offset += node_height + n.height }) }) var i = 0 levels.forEach(l => { l.bundles.forEach(b => { b.x = b.parents[0].x + node_width + (l.bundles.length-1-b.i)*bundle_width b.y = i*node_height }) i += l.length }) links.forEach(l => { l.xt = l.target.x l.yt = l.target.y + l.target.bundles_index[l.bundle.id].i*metro_d - l.target.bundles.length*metro_d/2 + metro_d/2 l.xb = l.bundle.x l.xs = l.source.x l.ys = l.source.y }) // compress vertical space var y_negative_offset = 0 levels.forEach(l => { y_negative_offset += -min_family_height + d3.min(l.bundles, b => d3.min(b.links, link => (link.ys-c)-(link.yt+c))) || 0 l.forEach(n => n.y -= y_negative_offset) }) // very ugly, I know links.forEach(l => { l.yt = l.target.y + l.target.bundles_index[l.bundle.id].i*metro_d - l.target.bundles.length*metro_d/2 + metro_d/2 l.ys = l.source.y l.c1 = l.source.level-l.target.level > 1 ? node_width+c : c l.c2 = c }) var layout = { height: d3.max(nodes, n => n.y) + node_height/2 + 2*padding, node_height, node_width, bundle_width, level_y_padding, metro_d } return {levels, nodes, nodes_index, links, bundles, layout} }34:[] 30:{"id":"149a20a550edd28c","slug":"rhetcompromised-papermill-advertizing-attacks-on-univer","title":"RhetCompromised: Papermill advertizing attacks on university websites","thumbnail":"7b3edd425a6905e57c557025cb835bd1dfc3aee44392cd6c48a8852b867cec3f","access_level":"public","create_time":"$D2021-02-19T14:23:49.067Z","update_time":"$D2021-03-09T02:53:57.651Z","view_time":null,"first_public_time":"$D2021-02-22T18:32:17.954Z","fork":{"id":"4cab522856cbfdde","slug":"tangled-tree-visualization-ii","title":"Tangled tree visualization","owner":{"id":"26c2ccc018e1ea02","login":"nitaku","name":"Matteo Abrate"}},"stars":0,"starred":false,"owner":{"type":"team","id":"65672682fc6420ec","login":"lingeringcode","name":"Chris Lindgren","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/483a12ccaf8f88b785a04ba865ef4c1f31a0356256cb470cb116e7e9b24c2aba","tier":"starter_2024"},"version":437,"publish_version":437,"role":null,"authored":false,"authors":[{"type":"individual","id":"5dd9c3e09645ea29","login":"lingeringcode","name":"Chris Lindgren","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/483a12ccaf8f88b785a04ba865ef4c1f31a0356256cb470cb116e7e9b24c2aba","tier":null}],"members":[{"type":"individual","id":"5dd9c3e09645ea29","login":"lingeringcode","name":"Chris Lindgren","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/483a12ccaf8f88b785a04ba865ef4c1f31a0356256cb470cb116e7e9b24c2aba","tier":null,"role":"editor"}],"comments":[],"custom_thumbnail":false,"trashed":false,"subscribed":null,"forks":0,"collection":null,"type":"notebook","body":{"title":"RhetCompromised: Papermill advertizing attacks on university websites","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"md`# RhetCompromised: Papermill advertizing attacks on university websites`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"},{"id":428,"value":"md`The below draft tree diagram traces targeted domain attacks by papermills (left-side), who are unethically using university domains (left-side) to create click-through advertising channels for students to discover. Data obtained and cleaned from [Ridolfo and Hart-Davidson's spreadsheet](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1cHPd7jc-VGsMMVJmi_lmLXvCDPQ7N7D9X8us731N1tk/).`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"},{"id":226,"value":"md`From Ridolfo and Hart-Davidson's [RhetCompromised report](http://www.rhetops.org/):\n\n

\"For the last three years, we have noticed instances of compromised college and university websites1 that push users toward paper mills have increased exponentially.2 However, to our knowledge there has been no systematic attempt to study the scope of the problem. While many universities and the more than $2 billion dollar plagiarism detection industry have focused on scanning student work into their databases to surveil students and identify plagiarism, they unfortunately have missed a major part of the academic dishonesty picture: a low-cost and rapidly growing illicit digital infrastructure that is weaponized to exploit university systems, deceive students, and drive traffic to paper mills.\"

`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"},{"id":6,"value":"$32","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"},{"id":13,"value":"$33","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"},{"id":239,"value":"color = d3.scaleOrdinal(d3.schemeDark2)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"},{"id":242,"value":"d3 = require('d3-scale', 'd3-scale-chromatic', 'd3-array')","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"}],"files":"$W34","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}} 31:"$30:body"