29:null 2a:["$","title",null,{"children":"How flights between Europe and Eastern Asia got disrupted | Open Aviation | Observable"}] 2f:T836,

series: impact of the ukraine invasion on commercial aviation

# How flights between Europe and Eastern Asia got disrupted 1. **[How flights between Europe and Eastern Asia got disrupted](https://observablehq.com/@open-aviation/war-in-ukraine-airspace-blockade)** 2. [Flying to Kaliningrad during the Russian flight ban](https://observablehq.com/@open-aviation/flying-to-kaliningrad) 3. [GPS jamming around Kaliningrad](https://observablehq.com/@open-aviation/gps-jamming) *Trajectories are extracted from [Flightradar24](https://www.flightradar24.com/).* Following the ban on Russian aircraft above many European countries, Russia retaliated by banning European aircraft over their airspace. European airlines interrupted their services shortly, then resumed it by choosing the long route to connect Japan, Korea and China, adding at least 3 hours of flight time. The following map displays a selection of flights departing from Europe to Japan _**before**_ (2022-02-14, on the left) and _**after**_ (2022-03-07, on the right) the start of the war in Ukraine and the airspace blockade between Europe and Russia. From London Heathrow, United Kingdom, to Tokyo Haneda, Japan, for example, flight JL44 (**${html`blue`}** trajectory) now flies over Alaska, USA, adding **3.5 hours** more than before the airspace blockade. Given a fuel consumption of 7500 kg/hour (16535 lbs/hour) for a [Boeing 777 346ER](https://oneworldvirtual.org/fleet/models/japan-airlines-boeing-777-346-er) this diversion adds **26250 kg** (57900 lb) of fuel consumption. Flight NH204 (**${html`yellow`}** trajectory) from Frankfurt, Germany, to Tokyo Haneda, Japan, flies a more southernly route which adds **1.63 hours** to the travel time. This costs an additional **9130 kg** (20120 lb) of fuel given a value of 5600 kg/hour (12346 lbs/hour) as the consumption for a [Boeing 787-9](https://oneworldvirtual.org/fleet/models/japan-airlines-boeing-787-9-dreamliner).30:T730,hemispherePlot = function ( flights, { scale = 1, caption = undefined, title = undefined } ) { const height = 1.0 * width; return Plot.carto({ projection: projection .translate([(1.0 * width) / 2, (1.0 * height) / 2]) .scale(scale) .clipExtent([ [1, 1], [width - 1, height - 1] ]), marks: [ // oceans Plot.feature( { type: "Sphere" }, { fill: d3.rgb(241, 246, 251).formatHex(), stroke: "#333" } ), // graticule Plot.feature(graticule, { stroke: "#aaa", strokeWidth: 0.4 }), // land Plot.features(countries, { stroke: "#333", strokeWidth: 0.2, fill: "#ced4da", title: (d) => `${d.properties.name}\nISO 3166-1 numeric country code=${d.id}` }), Plot.features( firsAt(300).features.filter( (x) => (x.properties.designator[0] === "U") & !["A", "B", "C", "D", "G", "T"].includes(x.properties.designator[1]) ), { fill: "#e4575644", stroke: "#e45756", title: (d) => d.properties.designator } ), Plot.features(flights, { stroke: (d) => { if (d.properties.callsign === "JAL44") return "blue"; else if (d.properties.callsign === "ANA204") return "yellow"; else return "#f58518"; }, strokeWidth: (d) => { if (d.properties.callsign === "JAL44") return 4; else if (d.properties.callsign === "ANA204") return 4; else return 3; }, title: (d) => `${d.properties.flight_number} (fly time: ${d.properties.duration_h}h)\n(${d.properties.origin} → ${d.properties.destination})` }) ], width, height: height, caption: caption, title: title }); }31:[{"id":"425b7be8f8cacaa5e74d131e7cd77979e611c640b27148a74eae8418f06d2259cd9088da9567f8675b339d82c0fd09feb809b7a10f3eea5faa945e0887bfa0b1","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/425b7be8f8cacaa5e74d131e7cd77979e611c640b27148a74eae8418f06d2259cd9088da9567f8675b339d82c0fd09feb809b7a10f3eea5faa945e0887bfa0b1","name":"to_r-region_20220307.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1647008651927.893,"size":966671},{"id":"c3488971170cac61811c56476e69eb5f9ab424d38837058aeb6a15bf709c650e8996736603b0bc3fb0878d09b18e01921724fa9764995c930b734940c0b0d075","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/c3488971170cac61811c56476e69eb5f9ab424d38837058aeb6a15bf709c650e8996736603b0bc3fb0878d09b18e01921724fa9764995c930b734940c0b0d075","name":"to_r-region_20220214.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1646993051755.167,"size":4002055},{"id":"5d43550a2e1ea9861de4d73e5bb56770e93d1c37ed1e4d9bdf46389e2f2587d9c977e89ffa06dbc6b13d5fe327c077e04d58165d3ac462cda94804b8575bfd29","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/5d43550a2e1ea9861de4d73e5bb56770e93d1c37ed1e4d9bdf46389e2f2587d9c977e89ffa06dbc6b13d5fe327c077e04d58165d3ac462cda94804b8575bfd29","name":"tweet.png","type":"image/png","lastModified":1648815207929.834,"size":2080361}] 2d:{"id":"fd5ee8156121cbc9","slug":"how-flights-between-europe-and-eastern-asia-got-disrupted","title":"How flights between Europe and Eastern Asia got disrupted","thumbnail":"84770ac99357dca0862655ef38fb0a6dc5b3a6665b7e672076f9125819a07217","access_level":"public","create_time":"$D2022-03-11T10:01:24.190Z","update_time":"$D2022-09-01T09:41:10.479Z","view_time":null,"first_public_time":"$D2022-03-11T15:13:33.736Z","has_unpublished_edits":null,"fork":false,"stars":19,"starred":false,"owner":{"type":"team","id":"b72632526f8c9afb","login":"openaviation","name":"Open Aviation","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/785c72955c757d5479584b620b48d5133f1f6ac3b42119b2b2445045440f0b09","tier":"starter_2024"},"version":364,"publish_version":null,"role":null,"authored":false,"authors":[{"type":"individual","id":"c2f17e4031105178","login":"espinielli","name":"Enrico Spinielli","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/2bf5259d0c49a57cec6acc725062bdc41374a518de8772a2a051315f6be64567","tier":null},{"type":"individual","id":"0b2e8d88aeec5ab4","login":"xoolive","name":"Xavier Olive","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/e055a445877c5a8ee2da134a257760536c2d1ee2fcd43f3aaf3f40db54e13733","tier":null},{"type":"individual","id":"45a379fcfcb14253","login":"fil","name":"Fil","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/d5b1777907117a2bdf2a07eb98600d7a9beb21639fde42b9753e95c88c7731a6","tier":null}],"members":[{"type":"individual","id":"c2f17e4031105178","login":"espinielli","name":"Enrico Spinielli","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/2bf5259d0c49a57cec6acc725062bdc41374a518de8772a2a051315f6be64567","tier":null,"role":"editor"},{"type":"team","id":"b72632526f8c9afb","login":"openaviation","name":"Open Aviation","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/785c72955c757d5479584b620b48d5133f1f6ac3b42119b2b2445045440f0b09","tier":"starter_2024","role":"editor"}],"comments":[],"custom_thumbnail":true,"trashed":false,"lapsed":null,"subscribed":null,"forks":8,"collection":{"id":"720ac08ffd66c964","slug":"open-aviation","title":"Visualizing Aviation","owner":{"id":"b72632526f8c9afb","login":"openaviation","name":"Open Aviation"}},"type":"notebook","body":{"title":"How flights between Europe and Eastern Asia got disrupted","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"$2f","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":305,"value":"{\n const scale = 500;\n const beforePlot = hemispherePlot(flights_before, {\n scale: scale,\n caption: \"February 14th, trajectory data by Flightradar24\"\n });\n const afterPlot = hemispherePlot(flights_after, {\n scale: scale,\n caption: \"March 7th, trajectory data by Flightradar24\"\n });\n return html`

${beforePlot} ${afterPlot}`;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":202,"value":"## Inspiration and Credits\n\nMany, many thanks to [@xoolive](https://observablehq.com/@xoolive) for inspiration and data support, and [@fil](https://observablehq.com/@fil) for showing the way.\n\nThis analysis has been stimulated by [this article](https://static.chunichi.co.jp/chunichi/pages/feature/stats/how_far_europe_gets_after_ukraine_invasion.html) by The Chunichi Shimbun, and also by the following [tweet](https://twitter.com/flightradar24/status/1501979479035551753)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":358,"value":"

\n \n \n \n

Tweet from Flightradar24

\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":14,"value":"---\n_Boring zone_","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":162,"value":"flights_after = {\n const fff = to_flight(data_after)\n .filter((d) => d.properties.destination.match(\"^R[OJ]\"))\n // JAL44 last for \"z-order\" when drawing\n .sort((a, b) =>\n a.properties.callsign === \"JAL44\" || a.properties.callsign === \"ANA204\"\n ? 1\n : -1\n );\n return fff;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":85,"value":"flights_before = {\n const fff = to_flight(data_before)\n .filter((d) => d.properties.destination.match(\"^R[OJ]\"))\n // JAL44 last for \"z-order\" when drawing\n .sort((a, b) =>\n a.properties.callsign === \"JAL44\" || a.properties.callsign === \"ANA204\"\n ? 1\n : -1\n );\n return fff;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":168,"value":"data_after = {\n const raw_csv = await FileAttachment(\"to_r-region_20220307.csv\").text();\n const row_conversion = (d) => ({\n timestamp: new Date(d.timestamp),\n icao24: d.icao24,\n longitude: +d.longitude,\n latitude: +d.latitude,\n groundspeed: +d.groundspeed,\n track: +d.track,\n vertical_rate: +d.vertical_rate,\n callsign: d.callsign,\n squawk: +d.squawk,\n altitude: +d.altitude,\n flight_id: d.flight_id,\n flight_number: d.number,\n origin: d.origin,\n destination: d.destination\n });\n\n return d3.csvParse(raw_csv, row_conversion);\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":22,"value":"data_before = {\n const raw_csv = await FileAttachment(\"to_r-region_20220214.csv\").text();\n const row_conversion = (d) => ({\n timestamp: new Date(d.timestamp),\n icao24: d.icao24,\n longitude: +d.longitude,\n latitude: +d.latitude,\n groundspeed: +d.groundspeed,\n track: +d.track,\n vertical_rate: +d.vertical_rate,\n callsign: d.callsign,\n squawk: +d.squawk,\n altitude: +d.altitude,\n flight_id: d.flight_id,\n flight_number: d.number,\n origin: d.origin,\n destination: d.destination\n });\n\n return d3.csvParse(raw_csv, row_conversion);\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":18,"value":"_Libraries, Helpers and (raw) Data_","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":122,"value":"$30","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":157,"value":"to_flight = function (data) {\n return Array.from(\n d3\n .rollup(\n data,\n (v) => ({\n type: \"Feature\",\n properties: {\n flight_id: v[0].flight_id,\n callsign: v[0].callsign,\n flight_number: v[0].flight_number,\n icao24: v[0].icao24,\n origin: v[0].origin,\n destination: v[0].destination,\n start: d3.min(v, (d) => d.timestamp),\n stop: d3.max(v, (d) => d.timestamp),\n duration_h: roundToTwo(\n Math.abs(\n (d3.max(v, (d) => d.timestamp) -\n d3.min(v, (d) => d.timestamp)) /\n 3600.0 /\n 1000\n )\n )\n },\n geometry: {\n type: \"LineString\",\n coordinates: v\n .map((d) => [d.longitude, d.latitude])\n .filter((d) => d[0]) //.notnull()\n }\n }),\n (d) => d.flight_id\n )\n .values()\n );\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":47,"value":"projection = d3\n .geoOrthographic()\n .rotate([-45, -65, 40])\n .scale(height / 2)\n .translate([height / 2, height / 2])\n .precision(0.1)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":49,"value":"height = 800","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":65,"value":"graticule = d3.geoGraticule().step([10, 10])()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":6,"value":"countries = d3.json(\n \"https://unpkg.com/visionscarto-world-atlas@0.0.6/world/110m_countries.geojson\"\n)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":10,"value":"import { Plot } from \"@fil/plot-carto-0-5\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":229,"value":"import {firsAt} from \"@xoolive/flight-information-regions\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":276,"value":"function roundToTwo(num) {\n return +(Math.round(num + \"e+2\") + \"e-2\");\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"}],"files":"$W31","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}} 2e:"$2d:body"