31:T500,

मुझको तुझको तुमको आपको इसको उसको हमको तुम लोगों को इनको उनको

32:T51e,

मुझमें तुझमें तुममें आपमें इसमें उसमें हममें तुम लोगों में इनमें उनमें

33:Tf7d,

मेरा

मेरी

मेरे

तेरा

तेरी

तेरे

तुम्हारा

तुम्हारी

तुम्हारे

आपका

आपकी

आपके

इसका

इसकी

इसके

उसका

उसकी

उसके

हमारा

हमारी

हमारे

तुम लोगों का

तुम लोगों की

तुम लोगों के

इनका

इनकी

इनके

उनका

उनकी

उनके

34:[] 2f:{"title":"Hindi Pronouns v2","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"# Hindi Pronouns v2\nThis notebook summarizes the classification and usage of Hindi Pronouns. It was created for Dr. Mithilesh Mishra's students at SALIDcamp 2025.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":49,"value":"toc()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":58,"value":"### Let's start ...\nwith a near-comprehensive table of the various forms of pronouns. We will follow the color codes for detailed explanations below. We will keep referring to the list of verb forms as we progress; the link is [here](https://observablehq.com/@rbhttchr/hindi-verb-forms-and-tenses-1?collection=@rbhttchr/hindi).","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":46,"value":"Inputs.table(d3.csvParse(raw, d3.autoType), {\n layout: \"auto\",\n format: {\n direct: uniformColumnColor(colorL[1], colorL[0]),\n ने: uniformColumnColor(colorL[2], colorL[0]),\n obliqueStem: uniformColumnColor(colorL[3], colorL[0]),\n plus_को_में_से_पर: uniformColumnColor(colorL[6], colorL[0]),\n possessive: uniformColumnColor(colorL[5], colorL[0])\n }\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":61,"value":"#### Notes on *obliqueStem* and *possessive*\n\n* The following oblique stem is used for adding all other postpositions except ने and का/के/की\n\n\n* When a complex postposition such as के लिए, के साथ, के कारण,etc. are added to a pronoun, their corresponding oblique forms will be मेरे लिए, मेरे साथ, मेरे कारण, and so on, with the rest of the pronouns (as indicated in the possessive column).","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":65,"value":"
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","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":117,"value":"#### Direct (Subject) Pronouns","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":119,"value":"

मैं तू तुम आप यह वह हम तुम लोग ये वे

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":121,"value":"These are the base forms of pronouns used as the subject in most verb tenses—especially in the present, future, and imperfect past tenses. For example, in \"मैं पढ़ती हूँ\" (“I read”), मैं is the subject pronoun. These pronouns correspond to the nominative case in grammar and are the most commonly introduced forms in beginner Hindi.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":123,"value":"Inputs.table(d3.csvParse(raw_direct, d3.autoType), {\n layout: \"auto\",\n format: { Pronoun: uniformColumnColor(colorL[1], colorL[0]) }\n})","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":68,"value":"
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","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":125,"value":"

मैंने तूने तुमने आपने इसने उसने हमने तुम लोगों ने इन्होंने उन्होंने

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":127,"value":"The ne form is used in ergative constructions, which occur primarily in the perfective aspect of transitive verbs. This includes simple past, present perfect, and past perfect tenses. In such cases, the subject is marked with ने and **the verb agrees with the object instead of the subject**. For example: \"मैंने खाना खाया\" (“I ate food”), where मैंने shows that “I” performed a completed action on an object.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":129,"value":"Inputs.table(d3.csvParse(raw_ne, d3.autoType), {\n layout: \"auto\",\n format: {\n Pronoun: uniformColumnColor(colorL[2], colorL[0])\n }\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":70,"value":"
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","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":133,"value":"### Stem Forms: Oblique","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":135,"value":"

मुझ तुझ तुम आप इस उस हम तुम लोग इन उन

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":137,"value":"These are used to form compound postpositional phrases like “with me,” “in me,” “on me,” etc., by attaching postpositions like के साथ (“with”), में (“in”), or पर (“on”). For instance, \"मुझ पर विश्वास करो\" (“Have faith in me”) uses मुझ, the stem of मैं. These forms are not used on their own and only appear in combination with postpositions.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":72,"value":"
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","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":91,"value":"### Pronoun's obliqueStem + को or में/से/पर","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":94,"value":"$31","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":96,"value":"In conversation and informal writing, को forms are usually contracted, e.g., मुझको → मुझे, तुझको → तुझे. These contracted forms are far more common in speech and are interchangeable with the full को forms, especially when followed by a verb or auxiliary. Example: \"मुझे हिंदी आती है\" (“I know Hindi”).","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":106,"value":"### A variation on को","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":108,"value":"Inputs.table(d3.csvParse(ko_v, d3.autoType), {\n layout: \"auto\"\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":111,"value":"`*************************************`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":98,"value":"$32","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":100,"value":"These forms are used when something exists within or is felt inside the pronoun referent. For example: \"मेरे में हिम्मत है\" (“I have courage”) or \"उसमें कुछ बात है\" (“There’s something about him/her/it”). These are important for existential or experiential expressions and often appear in idiomatic usage.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":102,"value":"Inputs.table(d3.csvParse(raw_me, d3.autoType), {\n layout: \"auto\",\n format: { Pronoun: uniformColumnColor(\"#eeca3b33\", \"#000000\") }\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":74,"value":"
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","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":80,"value":"### Possessive Pronouns","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":82,"value":"$33","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":84,"value":"These indicate ownership or association. Like adjectives, they must agree with the gender and number of the possessed noun. For example: मेरा कमरा (“my room” – masculine), मेरी किताब (“my book” – feminine), मेरे दोस्त (“my friends” – plural). These forms correspond to my, your, his, her, our, their etc. in English and follow adjective agreement rules.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":86,"value":"**का is the only postposition which agrees in gender and number, and case (direct or oblique) of the noun following it. Hence we see का घर (mas. sg), के भाई (mas. pl.) and की बहन or की बहनें (fem. sg./pl.) To repeat, का, like any other postposition makes a pronoun oblique as well.**","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":88,"value":"Inputs.table(d3.csvParse(raw_poss, d3.autoType), {\n layout: \"auto\",\n format: { Pronoun: uniformColumnColor(colorL[5], colorL[0]) }\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs"},{"id":54,"value":"
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","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html"},{"id":31,"value":"### Appendix","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md"},{"id":139,"value":"