2a:null 2b:["$","title",null,{"children":"GPU.js Example: Mandelbulb | Robert Plummer | Observable"}] 30:T34df,{ const canvas = document.createElement('canvas'); let fpsTime = performance.now(); let par = null; let params = null; let raytracer = null; // ---------------------------------------------------- // // Init params // // ---------------------------------------------------- class RaytracerParams { constructor() { this.params = { ray: {rayMaxSteps:512, rayMinDist:0.001, calcLight: 1 }, eye: { x:0, y:1, z:0 }, light: { x:-10, y:10, z:10 }, target: { x:0, y:0, z:1 }, vertical: { x:0, y:1, z: 0}, // wektor pionu screen: { pxWidth: 0, pxHeight: 0 }, camera: { yaw: 0, pitch: 0, speed: 0.01, rotateSpeed: 0.01, fov: 90, locked: true } } } getParams() { return this.params; } setScreenSize(width, height) { this.params.screen.pxWidth = width; this.params.screen.pxHeight = height; return this; } // yaw = left/right, pitch = up/down // [x,y,z] = position moveCamera(yawDelta, pitchDelta, forwardBackward, leftRight, upDown) { let e = this.params.eye; let t = this.params.target; let v = this.params.vertical; let d = this.sub(t,e); this.params.camera.yaw += yawDelta * this.params.camera.rotateSpeed; this.params.camera.pitch += pitchDelta * this.params.camera.rotateSpeed; let yaw = this.params.camera.yaw; let pitch = this.params.camera.pitch; // rotate t.x = e.x + Math.sin(yaw)*Math.cos(pitch); t.z = e.z + Math.cos(yaw)*Math.cos(pitch); t.y = e.y + Math.sin(pitch); // move forward let fb = this.scale( this.params.camera.speed * forwardBackward , d); this.addInPlace(e,fb); this.addInPlace(t,fb); // move left-right let lr = this.scale( this.params.camera.speed * leftRight , this.norm(this.cross(v, d))); this.addInPlace(e,lr); this.addInPlace(t,lr); // move up-down let ud = this.scale( this.params.camera.speed * upDown, v); this.addInPlace(e,ud); this.addInPlace(t,ud); } calcRayBase() { let E = this.params.eye; let T = this.params.target; let w = this.params.vertical; let t = this.sub(T,E); // = viewport center let tn = this.norm(t); let b = this.cross(w, t); let bn = this.norm(b); let vn = this.cross(tn,bn); let m = this.params.screen.pxHeight; let k = this.params.screen.pxWidth; let gx = Math.tan((2*Math.PI*this.params.camera.fov/360)/2); let gy = gx*m/k; // P1M is left bottom viewport pixel let P1M = this.add( tn, this.scale(-gx, bn), this.scale(-gy, vn) ) // chnage C to tn (tn= C-E) let QX = this.scale(2*gx/(k-1), bn); let QY = this.scale(2*gy/(m-1), vn); // Pij = P1M + (i-1)*bnp + (j-1)*vnp return {E, P1M, QX, QY}; } cross(a,b) { let x = a.y*b.z - a.z*b.y; let y = a.z*b.x - a.x*b.z; let z = a.x*b.y - a.y*b.x; return {x,y,z}; } norm(a) { let size = 1/Math.sqrt(a.x*a.x + a.y*a.y + a.z*a.z); return {x: a.x*size, y: a.y*size, z: a.z*size }; } addInPlace(a,b) { a.x += b.x; a.y += b.y; a.z += b.z; return a; } add(...vs) { return vs.reduce( (a,b) => ({ x: a.x+b.x, y: a.y+b.y, z: a.z+b.z }) ); } sub(a,b) { return this.add(a,this.scale(-1,b)); } scale(s, a) { return { x: a.x*s, y: a.y*s, z: a.z*s } } } // ---------------------------------------------------- // // GPU & Canvas // // ---------------------------------------------------- function kernelMarchingRays(calcLight, rayMaxSteps, rayMinDist, Ex,Ey,Ez, P1Mx, P1My, P1Mz, QXx, QXy, QXz, QYx, QYy,QYz, Lx, Ly, Lz) { let i = this.thread.x; let j = this.thread.y; let rx = P1Mx + QXx*(i-1) + QYx*(j-1); let ry = P1My + QXy*(i-1) + QYy*(j-1); let rz = P1Mz + QXz*(i-1) + QYz*(j-1); let sr = 1/Math.sqrt(rx*rx + ry*ry + rz*rz); let rnx = rx*sr; let rny = ry*sr; let rnz = rz*sr; let totalDistance = 0.0; let MaximumRaySteps= rayMaxSteps; //255; let MinimumDistance= rayMinDist; //0.0001; let stepsVal = 0; let ppx = 0; let ppy = 0; let ppz = 0; let distance = 0; let hit = 0; let dd= [0,0,0]; let hitObjectId = 0; // 0 = no hit for (let steps=0 ; steps < MaximumRaySteps; steps++) { ppx = Ex + totalDistance * rnx; ppy = Ey + totalDistance * rny; ppz = Ez + totalDistance * rnz; dd = distScene(ppx,ppy,ppz); distance = dd[0]; // --- Distance estimator totalDistance += distance; if (distance < MinimumDistance) { stepsVal = steps; hit=1; hitObjectId = dd[2]; break } } let iterFrac = dd[1]; let color_r = 0; let color_g = 0; let color_b = 0; // --- calculate normals and light --- if(calcLight==1) { let eps = rayMinDist*10; if(eps>0.00015) { eps = 0.00015; } dd = distScene(ppx + eps, ppy, ppz); let nx = dd[0] - distance; // - distScene(ppx - eps, ppy, ppz); dd = distScene(ppx, ppy + eps, ppz); let ny = dd[0] - distance; // - distScene(ppx, ppy - eps, ppz); dd = distScene(ppx, ppy, ppz + eps); let nz = dd[0] - distance; // - distScene(ppx, ppy, ppz - eps); let sn = 1/Math.sqrt(nx*nx + ny*ny + nz*nz); nx = nx * sn; ny = ny * sn; nz = nz * sn; let lx = Lx - ppx; let ly = Lz - ppy; let lz = Lz - ppz; let sl = 1/Math.sqrt(lx*lx + ly*ly + lz*lz); lx *= sl; ly *= sl; lz *= sl; //let colBcg = hsv2rgb(0.6,1,0.2*(0.4+((i+j))/(1024))); //let colBcg = [j/4024,i/4024,0]; let colBcg = [0,0,0]; let light = lx * nx + ly*ny + lz*nz; light = (light+1)/2; //let col = hsv2rgb(((iterFrac*666)%100)/10, 1, light); let distLight = -10/Math.log2(rayMinDist);///totalDistance; //1.0/(Math.pow(totalDistance,5)); //if(distLight>1) distLight=1; let col = hsv2rgb( (ppx+ppy+ppz), 1, distLight*8*light*stepsVal/MaximumRaySteps ); color_r = col[0]; color_g = col[1]; color_b = col[2]; if(hitObjectId===0) { color_r = colBcg[0]; color_g = colBcg[1]; color_b = colBcg[2]; } if(hitObjectId===1) { color_r = 0; color_g = 1*light; color_b = 0; } //color_r = Math.max(light,0) + hit*0.2; //color_g = light; //color_b = light; } else { let trace= 2*stepsVal/MaximumRaySteps; color_r = trace; color_g = trace; color_b = trace; } this.color(color_r, color_g, color_b ,1); } function hsv2rgb(h,s,v) { //h = 3.1415*2*(h%360)/360; // h=3.1415*2*h/100; // 100 is from max number of function mandelbulb iterations let c = v*s; let k = (h%1)*6; let x = c*(1 - Math.abs(k%2-1)); let r=0; let g=0; let b=0; if(k>=0 && k<=1) { r=c; g=x } if(k>1 && k<=2) { r=x; g=c } if(k>2 && k<=3) { g=c; b=x } if(k>3 && k<=4) { g=x; b=c } if(k>4 && k<=5) { r=x; b=c } if(k>5 && k<=6) { r=c; b=x } let m = v-c; return [r+m,g+m,b+m] } // x,y,z - point on ray (marching) function distScene(x,y,z) { //let p = sdPlane(x,y,z, 0,1,0,1); let mm = mandelbulb(x,y,z); let m = mm[0]; let letIter = mm[1]; let dis = m; //Math.min(p,m); //let dis = Math.min(p,m); let objId = 1; // 1= plane if(dis===m) objId = 2; // 2= plane return [ dis, letIter, objId ] ; } function sdPlane(px,py,pz, nx,ny,nz,nw) { return px*nx + py*ny + pz*nz + nw; } function mandelbulb(px,py,pz) { let zx=px; let zy=py; let zz=pz; let dr = 1; let r = 0; let bailout = 2; let power = 8; let j=0; for (let i=0 ; i < this.constants.iterations; i++) { r = Math.sqrt(zx*zx + zy*zy + zz*zz); if (r>bailout) break; // convert to polar coordinates let theta = Math.acos(zz/r); let phi = Math.atan(zy,zx); dr = Math.pow( r, power-1.0)*power*dr + 1.0; // scale and rotate the point let zzr = Math.pow( r,power); theta = theta*power; phi = phi*power; // convert back to cartesian coordinates zx = zzr * Math.sin(theta) * Math.cos(phi); zy = zzr * Math.sin(phi) * Math.sin(theta); zz = zzr * Math.cos(theta); zx+=px; zy+=py; zz+=pz; j++; } return [0.5*Math.log(r)*r/dr, j]; } // Pointer Locking enable // https://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/pointerlock/intro/ // https://w3c.github.io/pointerlock/ function canvasOnClick_enablePointerLocking(event) { if (par.camera.locked) { canvas.requestPointerLock = canvas.requestPointerLock || canvas.mozRequestPointerLock || canvas.webkitRequestPointerLock; // Ask the browser to lock the pointer canvas.requestPointerLock(); } } function lockChange(e) { par = raytracerParams.getParams(); par.camera.locked = !par.camera.locked; } function initFractalGPU(raytracerParams) { params = raytracerParams.getParams(); const pxWidth = params.screen.pxWidth; const pxHeight = params.screen.pxHeight; // this doesn't seem to work on observablehq // canvas.addEventListener('click', canvasOnClick_enablePointerLocking); // document.addEventListener('mozpointerlockchange', lockChange, false); const context = canvas.getContext('webgl2', { premultipliedAlpha: false }); const gpu = new GPU({ canvas, context }); const raytracer = gpu.createKernel(kernelMarchingRays) .setConstants({ pxWidth, pxHeight, iterations: 100 }) .setOutput([pxWidth, pxHeight]) .setGraphical(true) .setDebug(true) .setLoopMaxIterations(10000); gpu.addFunction(sdPlane); gpu.addFunction(mandelbulb); gpu.addFunction(distScene); gpu.addFunction(hsv2rgb); return raytracer; } // ---------------------------------------------------- // // UX // // ---------------------------------------------------- function initGui() { canvas.addEventListener('wheel',(event) => { mouseWheel(event); return false; }, false); canvas.addEventListener('mousemove',(event) => { mouseMove(event); return false; }, false); document.onkeypress = (e) => { if(e.key === "w") moveCamera(1,0,0); if(e.key === "s") moveCamera(-1,0,0); if(e.key === "a") moveCamera(0,-1,0); if(e.key === "d") moveCamera(0,1,0); if(e.key === "e") moveCamera(0,0,1); if(e.key === "c") moveCamera(0,0,-1); if(e.key === "+") mouseWheel({deltaY: -10}); if(e.key === "-") mouseWheel({deltaY: 10}); }; refresh(); } function moveCamera(forwardBackward, leftRight, upDown) { par = raytracerParams.getParams(); raytracerParams.moveCamera(0,0, forwardBackward, leftRight, upDown); refresh(); } function refresh() { // unlock on refresh demand // (after changing some render parameter by key/mose move) locked = false; } function mouseMove(e) { par = raytracerParams.getParams(); if(!par.camera.locked) { raytracerParams.moveCamera(e.movementX, -e.movementY, 0,0,0); // yaw = left/right, pitch = up/down refresh(); } } function mouseWheel(e) { tmpMouseWhellY += e.deltaY; tmpMouseWhellY = tmpMouseWhellY>-2000 ? -2000 : tmpMouseWhellY; tmpMouseWhellY = tmpMouseWhellY<-8000 ? -8000 : tmpMouseWhellY; const n = Math.pow(10, tmpMouseWhellY/1000); par.ray.rayMinDist = n; par.camera.speed = n*10; document.querySelector("#rayMinDist").value = Math.floor((-tmpMouseWhellY-2000)/6); refresh(); } function refreshScreenSize() { raytracerParams.setScreenSize(500, 500); raytracer = initFractalGPU(raytracerParams); refresh(); } function settingsSetLight(e) { par = raytracerParams.getParams(); par.ray.calcLight = 1-par.ray.calcLight; refresh(); } function settingsRayMinDist(e, direct=false) { const n = ("0." + "0".repeat(e.target.value-1) + "1")*1; par.ray.rayMinDist = n; par.camera.speed = n*10; document.querySelector("#rayMinDist").value = e.target.value; refresh(); } function settingsRayMaxSteps(e) { par = raytracerParams.getParams(); par.ray.rayMaxSteps = e.target.value; document.querySelector("#rayMaxSteps").value = par.ray.rayMaxSteps; refresh(); } // ---------------------------------------------------- // // Main // // ---------------------------------------------------- let raytracerParams = new RaytracerParams(); let tmpMouseWhellY = -3000; let locked = false; let start; initGui(raytracerParams); refreshScreenSize(); lockChange(); function refreshWindow(timestamp) { // redraw only if some render parameter change (user move mose, push button etc.) mutable fps = (1 + mutable fps) * (1 + 0.000984 * (fpsTime - (fpsTime = performance.now()))); if(!locked) { locked = true; let par = raytracerParams.getParams(); let r = raytracerParams.calcRayBase(); raytracer( par.ray.calcLight, par.ray.rayMaxSteps, par.ray.rayMinDist, r.E.x, r.E.y, r.E.z, r.P1M.x, r.P1M.y, r.P1M.z, r.QX.x, r.QX.y, r.QX.z, r.QY.x, r.QY.y, r.QY.z, par.light.x, par.light.y, par.light.z, ); } // window.requestAnimationFrame(refreshWindow); } window.requestAnimationFrame(refreshWindow); return canvas; }31:[] 2e:{"id":"4d96976c4fb3fcf0","slug":"gpu-js-example-mandelbulb","title":"GPU.js Example: Mandelbulb","thumbnail":"b7a6d647f8772b3f48f56882fe0b2f37827f3add244c07bb9fa4d0df79891694","access_level":"public","create_time":"$D2019-09-05T19:24:07.395Z","update_time":"$D2022-03-28T14:44:51.806Z","view_time":null,"first_public_time":"$D2019-09-05T20:47:15.165Z","has_unpublished_edits":null,"fork":{"id":"789c38f0279c29fb","slug":"gpu-js-example-template","title":"GPU.js Example: Template","owner":{"id":"72acb2c0d5f42f07","login":"robertleeplummerjr","name":"Robert Plummer"}},"stars":3,"starred":false,"owner":{"type":"team","id":"72acb2c0d5f42f07","login":"robertleeplummerjr","name":"Robert Plummer","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/29cc2d2e197244c0c5f6f0d48fe6ea1c3d6f3525cfcb4909c8f296200306192f","tier":"starter_2024"},"version":290,"publish_version":290,"role":null,"authored":false,"authors":[{"type":"individual","id":"c577c23eddc09d7d","login":"robertleeplummerjr","name":"Robert Plummer","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/29cc2d2e197244c0c5f6f0d48fe6ea1c3d6f3525cfcb4909c8f296200306192f","tier":null}],"members":[{"type":"individual","id":"c577c23eddc09d7d","login":"robertleeplummerjr","name":"Robert Plummer","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/29cc2d2e197244c0c5f6f0d48fe6ea1c3d6f3525cfcb4909c8f296200306192f","tier":null,"role":"editor"}],"comments":[],"custom_thumbnail":false,"trashed":false,"lapsed":null,"subscribed":null,"forks":2,"collection":null,"type":"notebook","body":{"titling":"auto","title":"GPU.js Example: Mandelbulb","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"md`# GPU.js Example: Mandelbulb`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":286,"value":"md`From https://github.com/gpujs/gpu.js/blob/develop/examples/mandelbulb.html`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":281,"value":"md`Mouse over canvas, and press W, S, A, or D`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":52,"value":"$30","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":102,"value":"mutable fps = 60","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":54,"value":"gpu = new GPU()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":14,"value":"GPU = (await require(\"gpu.js@2.15.1\")).GPU","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"}],"files":"$W31","stdlib":"1"}} 2f:"$2e:body"