2a:null 2b:["$","title",null,{"children":"Command Line Basics | Steve Oney | Observable"}] 30:T545,md`### Background UNIX is an operating system that was initially developd for systems like this:

One computer for multiple users connecting via a terminal computer

Sometimes called a “thin client”. These terminals don’t actually do much computation themselves; they just communicate with the (huge) mainframe. Now, UNIX is the name for a family of operating systems, including: - MacOS (Darwin) - Ubuntu (Linux) - iOS (Darwin) - Android(Linux) - …pretty much everything except for Windows

When we talk about “working with UNIX”, we will typically really mean using the terminal “emulator” on your computer:

These terminals emulate the thin clients of the past. `31:T51e,md`### Absolute vs Relative Path Absolute paths start with either the root directory (\`/\`) or the home directory (\`~\`). Anything else is a relative path, meaning that it’s defined relative to your working directory (as printed by \`pwd\`) Typing \`\`\`\`bash cd / \`\`\`\` Will take you to the root from wherever you are (absolute path)

Typing \`\`\`\`bash cd ~ \`\`\`\` Will take you to your home directory from wherever you are (absolute path)

Typing: \`\`\`\`bash cd {directory} \`\`\`\` Will take you to a directory relative to the working directory (relative path)

Typing: \`\`\`\`bash cd .. \`\`\`\` Will take you to the parent directory (relative path):

`32:T4b3,md`## Manipulating Files ### Create a directory: \`mkdir\` - create new directories in your file system - easier and faster than opening finder/my computer, if you know how to use it! ### Copying a file: \`cp\` - copy files from one place to another in your file system - (easier and faster than copy and paste, if you know how to use it!) - I know that I have a file \`lorem.txt\` on my Desktop (\`~/Desktop/lorem.txt\` ) - I know that I have a directory on my Desktop, called \`106\` . And I want to put the \`lorem.txt\` file into that directory \`\`\`\`bash cp ~/Desktop/lorem.txt ~/Desktop/106/ \`\`\`\` ### Read a file: \`less\` - opens a text file in a special text viewer in your command prompt window, so you can see what's in the file - up arrows and down arrows (or j+k) to scroll - press q to quit and go back to your normal command prompt! ### Print out a file: \`cat\` - allows you to see ALL the contents of a file (but less is better for scrolling through, if there are a lot of lines in the file) - allows you to concatenate 2 text files together and see the contents of them both ### Invoke VSCode Editor: \`code .\` - invoke the VSCode Editor in the current directory 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Command Line\nWhy UNIX?\n\n- Unix commands are in another formal language\n- Provide an easy way to deal with your file system\n- You're used to clicking on windows and shortcuts, but this is all text\n- Very fast\n- Very useful for programming\n- Use your command prompt to understand your file system and manipulate it\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"},{"id":12,"value":"$30","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"},{"id":11,"value":"md`## Directories and Navigation\n\n- hierarchical filesystem\n- starting with \"root\" directory: \\`/\\` \n- directories can contain any number of files and other directories\n- it's a tree, every directory has a parent except for \\`/\\`\n\n

\n\nRemember that UNIX was built for multiple users, so you are logged in as a user. You have a distinct “home”directory\n\n- Tilde, \\`~\\` is a special symbol for your “home” directory (where your files are)\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"},{"id":10,"value":"md`### Print Working Directory: \\`pwd\\` \n\nPrint working directory - where you are now in your file system\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"},{"id":9,"value":"md`### List Directory contents: \\`ls\\` \nList file and directory names\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"},{"id":8,"value":"md`### Change Directory: \\`cd\\`\nChange directory - where you are in your file system\n\nSeparate paths with \\`/\\` \n\nIf a directory name contains a space, either enclose it in quotation marks:\n\n\\`\\`\\`\\`bash\ncd \"Music Theory\"\n\\`\\`\\`\\`\n\nor add a backslash (\\`\\\\\\`) before every space:\n\\`\\`\\`\\`bash\ncd Music\\\\ Theory/\n\\`\\`\\`\\`\n\nSpecial directory names:\n\n- \\`/\\` is the root\n- \\`~\\` is the current user’s home directory\n- \\`..\\` is the parent directory\n\n\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"},{"id":7,"value":"$31","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"},{"id":6,"value":"$32","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"},{"id":5,"value":"md`## ✏️ Exercises\n- Find out the path of your home folder\n- Navigate to your project folder, listing the contents of every directory along the way\n- Create a new directory in your project folder using \\`mkdir\\`\n- Invoke the VSCode editor in the current directory using \\`code .\\`\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"},{"id":4,"value":"import {toc} from \"@harrystevens/toc\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"}],"files":"$W33","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}} 2f:"$2e:body"