2b:null 2c:["$","title",null,{"children":"Internationalization Beyond Message Translation | Steve Oney | Observable"}] 31:[{"id":"391e0934a75dc518a0748edd1f654e90f137f2295e9adf95c4534db4077f6b6907ecf7daa5a4911a16c0f2936830b5aea95a4b2be1de9a533c11db1b3666186e","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/391e0934a75dc518a0748edd1f654e90f137f2295e9adf95c4534db4077f6b6907ecf7daa5a4911a16c0f2936830b5aea95a4b2be1de9a533c11db1b3666186e","name":"technion.png","type":"image/png","lastModified":1617636613879.474,"size":2940142},{"id":"6e4c215033eb5834a71284a06e4cabe562166d4f8885a39754f57109e53044be9565e59d34bfabe48a0679112866fbde05f75f8cc5b4be15a34995bba405f9bc","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/6e4c215033eb5834a71284a06e4cabe562166d4f8885a39754f57109e53044be9565e59d34bfabe48a0679112866fbde05f75f8cc5b4be15a34995bba405f9bc","name":"International-Color-Symbolism-Chart.pdf","type":"application/pdf","lastModified":1617635619648.901,"size":1074690}] 2f:{"id":"87d47f07dbc23250","slug":"si-579-internationalization-beyond-message-translation","title":"Internationalization Beyond Message Translation","thumbnail":"6c667db845e93d4cdd7d25c38432b09e12402cac84d904604af68163bb01dabb","access_level":"public","create_time":"$D2021-04-05T15:06:55.928Z","update_time":"$D2023-10-02T17:43:50.212Z","view_time":null,"first_public_time":"$D2021-04-05T17:20:01.316Z","fork":false,"stars":0,"starred":false,"owner":{"type":"team","id":"55b87b37da07de37","login":"soney","name":"Steve Oney","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/565926373d73cf99aa6425cf7c0d7ff79e41635d1a367894a5e3bce0299b18b9","tier":"starter_2024"},"version":59,"publish_version":null,"role":null,"authored":false,"authors":[{"type":"individual","id":"1d138075b46297f1","login":"soney","name":"Steve Oney","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/565926373d73cf99aa6425cf7c0d7ff79e41635d1a367894a5e3bce0299b18b9","tier":null}],"members":[{"type":"individual","id":"1d138075b46297f1","login":"soney","name":"Steve Oney","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/565926373d73cf99aa6425cf7c0d7ff79e41635d1a367894a5e3bce0299b18b9","tier":null,"role":"editor"}],"comments":[],"custom_thumbnail":false,"trashed":false,"subscribed":null,"forks":1,"collection":{"id":"8fc582aae7c4b049","slug":"si-579","title":"Building Interactive Applications","owner":{"id":"55b87b37da07de37","login":"soney","name":"Steve Oney"}},"type":"notebook","body":{"title":"Internationalization Beyond Message Translation","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"md`# Internationalization Beyond Message Translation`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"},{"id":5,"value":"md`\nMessage translation is only the start of internationalization. Many other factors should be taken into account.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"},{"id":7,"value":"md`\n## Color Meaning\nFor example, consider the different meanings of different colors in different cultures. For example, in the US, red symbolizes danger or anger whereas in China, red represents prosperity and good fortune.\n\n

\n[Source: Six Degrees](https://www.six-degrees.com/an-international-guide-on-the-use-of-color-in-marketing-advertising/)\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"},{"id":43,"value":"md`\n## Iconography\n\nBeyond colors, icons can have different meanings in different languages. \nFor example, 👌 can mean \"OK\" (US), be a hate/white power symbol (...also the US), mean money (Japan), equivalent to the middle finger (Brazil), or [more](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OK_gesture).\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"},{"id":18,"value":"md`\n## Directionality\n\nEnglish text is typically left-to-right (LTR). Some other language (notably Arabic and Hebrew) are right-to-left (RTL). This can affect layout, the the meaning of directional symbols, and more:\n\n

\n\n[(Credit: MIT 6.813)](http://web.mit.edu/6.813/www/sp18/classes/19-internationalization/)\n\n[The HTML \\`dir\\` attribute](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/dir) allows us to specify the directionality of elements' text. It has three possible values:\n\n- \\`ltr\\`: left-to-right\n- \\`rtl\\`: right-to-left\n- \\`auto\\`: look at the characters inside and do a best guess.\n\nFor example [(Credit: MDN for the example)](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/dir):\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"},{"id":28,"value":"html`\n

This paragraph is in English but incorrectly goes right to left.

This paragraph is in English and correctly goes left to right.

\n\n

هذه الفقرة باللغة العربية ولكن بشكل خاطئ من اليسار إلى اليمين.

هذه الفقرة باللغة العربية ، لذا يجب الانتقال من اليمين إلى اليسار.

\n`","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"},{"id":32,"value":"md`\nWe can also use [the \\`:dir()\\` CSS pseudo-class](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/dir) to specify how an element's display should depend on its directionality **but this attribute currently only works in Firefox**; for other browsers, you must define and use your own class:\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"},{"id":35,"value":"html`\n\n\n

\n test1\n

test2\n

עִבְרִית

\n`","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"},{"id":50,"value":"md`\n## Other Cultural (and Practical) Dimensions of UI Design\n\nThere are many other cultural dimensions to UI design. For example, factors like [the desired level of information density](https://www.nngroup.com/articles/china-website-complexity/), color saturation, navigation higharchies, and more can vary based on culture.\n\nDepending on the region, connectivity might be an issue as well; assuming that users have a steady, constant internet connection might be problematic.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined"}],"files":"$W31","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}} 30:"$2f:body"