29:null 2a:["$","title",null,{"children":"The Marshall Project 2024 Political Survey, State Summaries of Selected Questions | The Marshall Project | Observable"}] 2f:Tddb,# The Marshall Project 2024 Political Survey, State Summaries of Selected Questions The Marshall Project surveyed approximately 54,000 incarcerated people in 785 prisons and jails nationwide, with responses in 45 states and the District of Columbia. This is a landmark study of people in prison and jails that The Marshall Project first conducted in 2020 to learn about their political leanings. **[See our toolkit](https://www.themarshallproject.org/2024/10/18/journalism-election-survey-prisons-jails-voting) for more context, sources, and reporting guidance. If you want the data, read on...** --- This notebook contains counts of answers for selected combinations of questions, aggregated by state. The results are **not representative** of the incarcerated population nationally or at the state level. When writing about this data, use extreme care to represent findings using language like "of the people who responded to the survey" and "of the survey respondents who identified as women." Results are presented as counts and percentages of combinations of variables. For example, there is an export called `race__who_vote_for`. This groups by race and voting preference to be able to say "XX% of people who identified as Hispanic or Latino expressed a preference for Donald Trump." In this case, the results table will include unique answers in the `race` and `who_vote_for` columns. Answer groups with less than 10 responses are suppressed from the results to avoid the possibility of identifying someone (e.g. a transgender person in a state with a small prison population) and associating them with their political beliefs. The survey was conducted twice. Once while Joe Biden was the Democratic presidential candidate and ran from June 4, 2024 to July 17, 2024 (known as answer set `2024-001` in the data) and another time after Kamala Harris assumed the candidacy for the Democrats from August 8, 2024 to August 22, 2025 (answer set `2024-002`). Most questions were the same between surveys; this tool defaults to showing the answers across both survey (answer set `all-surveys`), with an exception for questions like `who_vote_for`, which had different options in the two surveys. All results include these fields in addition to the each answer to the question(s) being summarized: * `state`: The state the respondent was incarcerated. The data also includes a "special" state code called `0_ALL_STATES` that represents the national counts. * `answer_set`: The survey was conducted twice. Once while Joe Biden was the Democratic presidential candidate (answer set `2024-001`) and another time after Kamala Harris assumed the candidacy for the Democrats (answer set `2024-002`). We include a third set (answer set `all-surveys`) that includes responses from unique individuals across surveys. * `count`: Number of respondents with this combination of responses. * `n_respondents`: Number of people who answered this question. * `pct_of_respondents`: Percent of people who responded with this answer. In cases with multiple variables, this is the percentage of the parent group. For example, in `race__who_vote_for`, this number represents the percent of people of a specific race who said they would vote for a specific candidate. In addition to these fields, the tables below show the national percentages for convenient comparison. The selected questions, including the full text of the question asked, are available in the download table below. Some counts be may be of combined varables, e.g. `race__who_vote_for`.30:T513,## Summary data downloads Each file includes summaries for all states. ${summaries.sort( (a, b) => d3.ascending(a.question_ids, b.question_ids)).map(d => { const csvData = d3.csvFormat(d.dt.objects()); // Convert the data object to CSV const blob = new Blob([csvData], { type: 'text/csv' }); const csvUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob); const jsonBlob = new Blob([JSON.stringify(d.dt.objects())], { type: 'application/json' }); const jsonUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob); return html``; })}

question_id	question type	question text	Download
`${d.question_ids}`	${d.question_meta.question_type ? ``${d.question_meta.question_type}`` : "See base definitions for question types."}	${d.question_meta.question_text ? d.question_meta.question_text : "See base definitions for compound counts."}	JSON	CSV

31:Tb22,_In the state of ${selectedState}:_ ${(trump_001_result && biden_001_result) ? md` _When Joe Biden was the Democratic candidate, ${trump_001_result.pct_of_respondents.toLocaleString(undefined, { style: "percent"})} of ${trump_001_result.n_respondents.toLocaleString()} people who responded to the question in ${selectedState} said they preferred Donald Trump (compared to ${trump_001_result.natl_pct_of_respondents.toLocaleString(undefined, { style: "percent"})} nationally), while ${biden_001_result.pct_of_respondents.toLocaleString(undefined, { style: "percent"})} answered that they preferred Joe Biden (compared to ${biden_001_result.natl_pct_of_respondents.toLocaleString(undefined, { style: "percent"})} nationally)._ ` : md`_There are not sufficient results in ${selectedState} to compare Biden and Trump from the survey when Joe Biden was the Democratic candidate._`} ${(trump_002_result && harris_002_result) ? md` _After Kamala Harris entered the race, ${trump_002_result.pct_of_respondents.toLocaleString(undefined, { style: "percent"})} of ${trump_002_result.n_respondents.toLocaleString()} people who responded to the question in ${selectedState} said they preferred Donald Trump (compared to ${trump_002_result.natl_pct_of_respondents.toLocaleString(undefined, { style: "percent"})} nationally), while ${harris_002_result.pct_of_respondents.toLocaleString(undefined, { style: "percent"})} answered that they preferred Kamala Harris (compared to ${harris_002_result.natl_pct_of_respondents.toLocaleString(undefined, { style: "percent"})} nationally)._ ` : md`_There are not sufficient results in ${selectedState} to compare Harris and Trump from the supplemental survey after Kamala Harris became the Democratic candidate._`} ${(top_party_all_surveys) ? md` _Among respondents to both surveys, the top party affiliation in ${selectedState} was "${top_party_all_surveys.party}" with ${top_party_all_surveys.count.toLocaleString()} answers out of ${top_party_all_surveys.n_respondents.toLocaleString()} responses, about ${top_party_all_surveys.pct_of_respondents.toLocaleString(undefined, { style: "percent"})} (compared to ${top_party_all_surveys.natl_pct_of_respondents.toLocaleString(undefined, { style: "percent"})} for people who identify as ${top_party_all_surveys.party} nationally, the top party affiliation.${(top_party_all_surveys.party !== "Independent") ? " Independents were the largest group nationally, about 35% of respondents." : ""})_ ` : md`_There are not sufficient results in ${selectedState} to determine the top party._`} --- See more in the tables below, or download the data for more detailed information. (With the exception of the `who_vote_for` and `who_vote_for_supplement`, these tables represent the combined responses of both surveys. Counts broken out by survey are available in the data downloads.)32:T460,summariesFiltered = summaries.map((d) => { let state_dt = d.dt .params({ selectedState }) .filter((d, $) => d.state === $.selectedState); let question_ids_arr = d.question_ids.split("__"); let join_arr = ["answer_set", ...question_ids_arr]; let natl_dt = d.dt.filter((d) => d.state === "0_ALL_STATES"); let combined_dt = state_dt .join_left( natl_dt, [join_arr, join_arr], [ [ "state", "answer_set", ...question_ids_arr, "count", "n_respondents", "pct_of_respondents" ], ["n_respondents", "pct_of_respondents"] ], { suffix: ["_selected_state", "_natl"] } ) .rename({ n_respondents_selected_state: "n_respondents", pct_of_respondents_selected_state: "pct_of_respondents", n_respondents_natl: "natl_n_respondents", pct_of_respondents_natl: "natl_pct_of_respondents" }) .relocate(["pct_of_respondents"], { before: "count" }) .orderby(aq.desc("count")); return { question_ids: d.question_ids, dt: combined_dt }; })33:[{"id":"7f0b3167b9e319075582c812feee3abac1e56f1af82c4697f496b30e656b33fc71032fae7dbbfc99eb25a28ad3d14f9a05bd17a3134a3011f11c5dc2cc7ca1de","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/7f0b3167b9e319075582c812feee3abac1e56f1af82c4697f496b30e656b33fc71032fae7dbbfc99eb25a28ad3d14f9a05bd17a3134a3011f11c5dc2cc7ca1de","name":"selected_summaries.json","type":"application/json","lastModified":1764798994213.066,"size":3349475}] 2d:{"id":"c866fea425bef96c","slug":"survey3-state-summaries","title":"The Marshall Project 2024 Political Survey, State Summaries of Selected Questions","thumbnail":"2fc64093772d0c7395ae475ba541665819f5bfa88c2db33be3cf8b959cd34392","access_level":"public","create_time":"$D2024-10-03T06:44:22.270Z","update_time":"$D2026-03-17T04:11:01.918Z","view_time":null,"first_public_time":"$D2024-10-23T03:18:13.694Z","has_unpublished_edits":null,"fork":false,"stars":1,"starred":false,"owner":{"type":"team","id":"2b9b6b7a2611ae8b","login":"themarshallproject","name":"The Marshall Project","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/51074ddbd05b2106aad939952e69d7abd8956cf4cffa05e2a2321dbaa751e6f0","tier":"pro"},"version":537,"publish_version":null,"role":null,"authored":false,"authors":[{"type":"individual","id":"69810cd3cf4bf30c","login":"eads","name":"David Eads","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/ed73f86cbd46170a17e3bb2a06a1939ef04e5dc379b856148b769d7ac41ab78b","tier":null}],"members":[{"type":"team","id":"2b9b6b7a2611ae8b","login":"themarshallproject","name":"The Marshall Project","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/51074ddbd05b2106aad939952e69d7abd8956cf4cffa05e2a2321dbaa751e6f0","tier":"pro","role":"editor"}],"comments":[],"custom_thumbnail":false,"trashed":false,"lapsed":null,"subscribed":null,"forks":2,"collection":{"id":"92506abfacf1640c","slug":"data-releases","title":"data/Releases","owner":{"id":"2b9b6b7a2611ae8b","login":"themarshallproject","name":"The Marshall Project"}},"type":"notebook","body":{"title":"The Marshall Project 2024 Political Survey, State Summaries of Selected Questions","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"$2f","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":133,"value":"$30","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":499,"value":"{\n var download = html``;\n\n download.onclick = () => {\n const data = summariesRaw;\n\n const blob = new Blob([JSON.stringify(data, null, 2)], {\n type: \"application/json\"\n });\n\n const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);\n\n const a = document.createElement(\"a\");\n a.href = url;\n a.download = \"summaries.json\";\n a.click();\n\n URL.revokeObjectURL(url);\n };\n return download;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":530,"value":"{\n var flat = summariesRaw.flatMap((d) =>\n d.data.map((item) => ({\n question_ids: d.question_ids,\n ...item\n }))\n );\n\n var csv = d3.csvFormat(flat);\n\n return Inputs.button(\"Download CSV\", {\n reduce: () => {\n const blob = new Blob([csv], { type: \"text/csv;charset=utf-8\" });\n const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);\n\n const a = document.createElement(\"a\");\n a.href = url;\n a.download = \"export.csv\";\n a.click();\n\n URL.revokeObjectURL(url);\n }\n });\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":131,"value":"# Preview state-level results","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":24,"value":"viewof selectedState = Inputs.select(states, {\n label: \"Select a state\",\n value: \"OH\"\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":327,"value":"$31","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":32,"value":"$${summariesFiltered.map(d => html`\n

`${d.question_ids}`

\n ${Inputs.table(d.dt.filter(d => d.answer_set === \"all-surveys\").select(aq.not(\"answer_set\", \"natl_n_respondents\")), {\n width: {\n state: 50,\n count: 50,\n n_respondents: 110,\n pct_of_respondents: 150,\n natl_pct_of_respondents: 150,\n },\n format: {\n count: x => x.toLocaleString(),\n n_respondents: x => x.toLocaleString(),\n natl_n_respondents: x => x.toLocaleString(),\n pct_of_respondents: x => x.toLocaleString(undefined, { style: 'percent' }),\n natl_pct_of_respondents: x => x.toLocaleString(undefined, { style: 'percent' })\n\n }\n })}\n

\n`)}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":344,"value":"top_party_all_surveys = getMaxVal(\"party\", \"all-surveys\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":173,"value":"trump_002_result = getVal(\n \"who_vote_for_supplement\",\n \"2024-002\",\n (d) => d.who_vote_for_supplement === \"Donald J. Trump\"\n)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":199,"value":"trump_001_result = getVal(\n \"who_vote_for\",\n \"2024-001\",\n (d) => d.who_vote_for === \"Donald J. Trump\"\n)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":196,"value":"harris_002_result = getVal(\n \"who_vote_for_supplement\",\n \"2024-002\",\n (d) => d.who_vote_for_supplement === \"Kamala Harris\"\n)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":207,"value":"biden_001_result = getVal(\n \"who_vote_for\",\n \"2024-001\",\n (d) => d.who_vote_for === \"Joe Biden\"\n)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":166,"value":"getVal = (question_ids, answer_set, filterFn) => {\n const val = summariesFiltered\n .find((d) => d.question_ids === question_ids)\n .dt.params({ answer_set })\n .filter((d, $) => d.answer_set === $.answer_set)\n .filter(filterFn)\n .objects()[0];\n return val;\n // if (val) {\n // return val;\n // } else {\n // let val = {\n // total_respondents: 0,\n // group_n: 0,\n // count: 0,\n // pct_of_group: 0,\n // answer_set\n // };\n // val[question_ids] = \"--\";\n // return val;\n // }\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":236,"value":"getMaxVal = (question_ids, answer_set) => {\n return summariesFiltered\n .find((d) => d.question_ids === question_ids)\n .dt.params({ answer_set })\n .filter((d, $) => d.answer_set === $.answer_set)\n .orderby(aq.desc(\"count\"))\n .objects()[0];\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":420,"value":"questions = d3.csv(\n \"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/e/2PACX-1vSFpGSQzfgWUCOrmMOSmMSETZ-1c9HZNTyb9104wquA4f5Rgj3FrJVX-DQtZpplLryW3zQbRixY9gYf/pub?gid=401561342&single=true&output=csv\"\n)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":20,"value":"$32","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":7,"value":"summaries = summariesRaw\n .map((d) => ({\n question_ids: d.question_ids,\n question_meta:\n questions.find((q) => {\n const q_arr = d.question_ids.split(\"__\");\n if (q_arr.length === 1) {\n return q.question_id === q_arr[0];\n } else {\n return false;\n }\n }) || \"\",\n dt: aq.from(d.data).orderby(aq.desc(\"answer_set\"), aq.desc(\"count\"))\n }))\n .sort((a, b) => a.question_ids.localeCompare(b.question_ids))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":491,"value":"summariesRaw = FileAttachment(\"selected_summaries.json\").json()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":42,"value":"states = [\n \"0_ALL_STATES\",\n \"AL\",\n \"AR\",\n \"AZ\",\n \"CA\",\n \"CO\",\n \"DC\",\n \"FL\",\n \"GA\",\n \"IA\",\n \"ID\",\n \"IL\",\n \"IN\",\n \"KS\",\n \"KY\",\n \"LA\",\n \"MA\",\n \"MD\",\n \"ME\",\n \"MI\",\n \"MN\",\n \"MO\",\n \"MS\",\n \"MT\",\n \"NC\",\n \"ND\",\n \"NE\",\n \"NH\",\n \"NJ\",\n \"NM\",\n \"NV\",\n \"NY\",\n \"OH\",\n \"OK\",\n \"OR\",\n \"PA\",\n \"RI\",\n \"SC\",\n \"SD\",\n \"TN\",\n \"TX\",\n \"UT\",\n \"VA\",\n \"WA\",\n \"WI\",\n \"WV\",\n \"WY\"\n]","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"}],"files":"$W33","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}} 2e:"$2d:body"