2c:null 2d:["$","title",null,{"children":"Parliament of Singapore Productivity Review | Yin Shanyang | Observable"}] 32:T4cd,md` ## Bills Introduced

	Start	End	% of Votes (Majority Party)	Bills Introduced
11th Parliament	Nov 2006	Apr 2011	66.6%	${ data.filter(({ parliament }) => parliament === '11th').length }
12th Parliament	Oct 2011	Aug 2015	60.1%	${ data.filter(({ parliament }) => parliament === '12th').length }
13th Parliament	Jan 2016	Jun 2020	69.9%	${ data.filter(({ parliament }) => parliament === '13th').length }

`33:T4ed,md` ## Constitutional Amendments Introduced

	Constitution Amendments Introduced
11th Parliament	${ data .filter(({ parliament }) => parliament === '11th') .filter( ({ title }) => title === 'Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Bill' ).length }
12th Parliament	${ data .filter(({ parliament }) => parliament === '12th') .filter( ({ title }) => title === 'Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Bill' ).length }
13th Parliament	${ data .filter(({ parliament }) => parliament === '13th') .filter( ({ title }) => title === 'Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (Amendment) Bill' ).length }

`34:Te71,{ // If I Had More Time, I Would Have Written a Shorter Program // dimensions const _width = Math.min(width, 640); const height = 480; const margin = { top: 16, right: 8, bottom: 24, left: 8 }; // data and scales const x = d3 .scaleLinear() .domain(d3.extent(data.map(({ sittings }) => sittings))) .nice() .range([margin.left, _width - margin.right]); const bins = billsIntroducedByParliaments.map(({ id, bills }) => ({ id, average: bills.reduce((memo, { sittings }) => memo + sittings, 0) / bills.length, bin: d3 .histogram() .domain(x.domain()) .thresholds(x.ticks(x.domain()[1]))(bills.map(({ sittings }) => sittings)) })); const y = d3 .scaleLinear() .domain([0, 80]) .nice() .range([height - margin.bottom, margin.top]); const c = id => { const colors = { '11th': '#5C7080', '12th': '#30404D', '13th': '#182026' }; return colors[id]; }; // axes const xAxis = function(g) { return ( g // .attr("transform", `translate(${x(1) / 2},${height - 10})`) .attr("transform", `translate(0,${height - 16})`) .attr("class", "x axis") .call(d3.axisBottom(x).tickSize(-height + 30)) .call(g => g .append("text") .attr("x", _width - margin.right) .attr("y", -4) .attr("fill", "currentColor") .attr("font-weight", "bold") .attr("text-anchor", "end") .text('Sittings to Pass Bill') ) ); }; // plot const svg = d3.create("svg").attr("viewBox", [0, 0, width, height]); // plot: axes svg.append("g").call(xAxis); svg .selectAll(".axis line") .attr("stroke", "grey") .attr("stroke-dasharray", "1,3"); svg.selectAll(".axis path").style("display", "none"); // plot: average bins.forEach(({ id, average }, index) => { svg .append("g") .append('line') .attr( 'transform', `translate(${x(average)}, ${(index * (height - margin.top - margin.bottom)) / bins.length})` ) .attr('x1', -1) .attr('x2', -1) .attr('y1', 12) .attr('y2', height / 3 - 12) .attr('stroke', '#BFCCD6') .attr('stroke-width', 2) .attr('shape-rendering', 'crispEdges'); svg .append("g") .append('text') .attr( 'transform', `translate(${x(average)}, ${(index * (height - margin.top - margin.bottom)) / bins.length})` ) .attr('dx', 4) .attr('dy', 22) .attr('fill', '#5C7080') .style('font-family', 'sans-serif') .style('font-size', '10px') .text(`avg: ${average.toFixed(2)}`); }); // plot: distribution bins.forEach(({ id, bin }, index) => { svg .append("g") .attr("fill", c(id)) .attr( 'transform', `translate(0, ${(index * (height - margin.top - margin.bottom)) / bins.length})` ) .selectAll("rect") .data(bin) .join("rect") .attr("x", d => x(d.x0) + 1) .attr("width", d => Math.max(0, x(d.x1) - x(d.x0) - 1)) .attr("y", d => y(d.length) / bins.length / 2) .attr("height", d => (y(0) - y(d.length)) / bins.length); }); // plot: parliament labels bins.forEach(({ id }, index) => { svg .append("text") .attr("class", "label") .attr("x", _width - margin.right - 4) .attr( "y", ((index + 0.5) * (height - margin.top - margin.bottom)) / bins.length - 4 ) .attr("text-anchor", "end") .attr("fill", c(id)) .text(id); }); return svg.node(); }35:T129c,{ // If I Had More Time, I Would Have Written a Shorter Program // dimensions const _width = Math.min(640, width); const height = 480; const margin = { top: 16, right: 8, bottom: 24, left: 8 }; // data and scales const x = d3 .scaleLinear() .domain([0, 100]) .nice() .clamp(true) .range([margin.left, _width - margin.right]); const bins = billsIntroducedByParliaments.map(({ id, bills }) => ({ id, average: bills.reduce((memo, { pages, sittings }) => memo + pages / sittings, 0) / bills.length, averagePages: bills.reduce((memo, { pages }) => memo + pages, 0) / bills.length, bin: d3 .histogram() .domain([0, 150]) .thresholds(x.ticks(90))( bills.map(({ pages, sittings }) => pages / sittings) ) })); const y = d3 .scaleLinear() .domain([0, 60]) .nice() .range([height - margin.bottom, margin.top]); const c = id => { const colors = { '11th': '#5C7080', '12th': '#30404D', '13th': '#182026' }; return colors[id]; }; // axes const xAxis = function(g) { return ( g // .attr("transform", `translate(${x(1) / 2},${height - 10})`) .attr("transform", `translate(0,${height - 16})`) .attr("class", "x axis") .call(d3.axisBottom(x).tickSize(-height + 30)) .call(g => g .append("text") .attr("x", _width - margin.right) .attr("y", -4) .attr("fill", "currentColor") .attr("font-weight", "bold") .attr("text-anchor", "end") .text('Pages of Bill Read, per Sitting') ) ); }; // plot const svg = d3.create("svg").attr("viewBox", [0, 0, width, height]); // plot: axes svg.append("g").call(xAxis); svg .selectAll(".axis line") .attr("stroke", "grey") .attr("stroke-dasharray", "1,3"); svg.selectAll(".axis path").style("display", "none"); // plot: average bins.forEach(({ id, average, averagePages }, index) => { // average: pages per sitting svg .append("g") .append('line') .attr( 'transform', `translate(${x(average)}, ${(index * (height - margin.top - margin.bottom)) / bins.length})` ) .attr('x1', -1) .attr('x2', -1) .attr('y1', 12) .attr('y2', height / 3 - 12) .attr('stroke', '#BFCCD6') .attr('stroke-width', 2) .attr('shape-rendering', 'crispEdges'); svg .append("g") .append('text') .attr( 'transform', `translate(${x(average)}, ${(index * (height - margin.top - margin.bottom)) / bins.length})` ) .attr('dx', 4) .attr('dy', 22) .attr('fill', '#5C7080') .style('font-family', 'sans-serif') .style('font-size', '10px') .text(`avg. speed: ${average.toFixed(2)}`); // average: pages per bill svg .append("g") .append('line') .attr( 'transform', `translate(${x(averagePages)}, ${(index * (height - margin.top - margin.bottom)) / bins.length})` ) .attr('x1', -1) .attr('x2', -1) .attr('y1', 12) .attr('y2', height / 3 - 12) .attr('stroke', '#BFCCD6') .attr('stroke-width', 2) .attr('shape-rendering', 'crispEdges'); svg .append("g") .append('text') .attr( 'transform', `translate(${x(averagePages)}, ${(index * (height - margin.top - margin.bottom)) / bins.length + 10})` ) .attr('dx', 4) .attr('dy', 22) .attr('fill', '#5C7080') .style('font-family', 'sans-serif') .style('font-size', '10px') .text(`avg. length: ${averagePages.toFixed(2)}`); }); // plot: distribution bins.forEach(({ id, bin }, index) => { svg .append("g") .attr("fill", c(id)) .attr( 'transform', `translate(0, ${(index * (height - margin.top - margin.bottom)) / bins.length})` ) .selectAll("rect") .data(bin) .join("rect") .attr("x", d => x(d.x0) + 1) .attr("width", d => Math.max(0, x(d.x1) - x(d.x0) - 1)) .attr("y", d => y(d.length) / bins.length / 2) .attr("height", d => (y(0) - y(d.length)) / bins.length); }); // plot: parliament labels bins.forEach(({ id }, index) => { svg .append("text") .attr("class", "label") .attr("x", _width - margin.right - 4) .attr( "y", ((index + 0.5) * (height - margin.top - margin.bottom)) / bins.length - 4 ) .attr("text-anchor", "end") .attr("fill", c(id)) .text(id); }); return svg.node(); }36:[{"id":"6c792ec0dc9ea0bcbb9ff53c183c157d9a6cce8230a108d5ac5237b706bffa96487983797e95175e84fe713817f74071bb04ae31ccf40abac8a85386bf4cc981","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/6c792ec0dc9ea0bcbb9ff53c183c157d9a6cce8230a108d5ac5237b706bffa96487983797e95175e84fe713817f74071bb04ae31ccf40abac8a85386bf4cc981","name":"sittings@1.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1594127047335.442,"size":4679},{"id":"da9eff5ac13cf256379e2d7ef90bea0f323a438e83b6f847327d8ffe1fecb76abe0a4505319a98c30b5585f35372860e6d34793d3c9fe94a1d656e5932a8ca78","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/da9eff5ac13cf256379e2d7ef90bea0f323a438e83b6f847327d8ffe1fecb76abe0a4505319a98c30b5585f35372860e6d34793d3c9fe94a1d656e5932a8ca78","name":"bills@1.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1594127048062.425,"size":101231},{"id":"19d378b75549ff3301b794d78e146f32b962c1999220424d67ccc1856c523210d71525384c439f2c4a236bdfd64df6f83ae75e228675b5b9311067877ef5aa39","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/19d378b75549ff3301b794d78e146f32b962c1999220424d67ccc1856c523210d71525384c439f2c4a236bdfd64df6f83ae75e228675b5b9311067877ef5aa39","name":"parliaments@1.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1594127048031.036,"size":94}] 30:{"id":"f3a5104d52cec941","slug":"parliament-of-singaporeproductivity-review","title":"Parliament of Singapore Productivity Review","thumbnail":"a2511f0517ebb487f329d160d23f3659be88305c3183b363cfff9c267c7ba0f0","access_level":"public","create_time":"$D2020-07-07T13:02:36.209Z","update_time":"$D2020-07-08T09:37:57.677Z","view_time":null,"first_public_time":"$D2020-07-08T07:23:00.707Z","has_unpublished_edits":null,"fork":false,"stars":1,"starred":false,"owner":{"type":"team","id":"b42ac8f55e8d78d5","login":"yinshanyang","name":"Yin Shanyang","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/8f9792778aa7da8974c2b5d32ed6619496c1a4877e1474e9c1b1e6f9649e10a7","tier":"starter_2024"},"version":1081,"publish_version":1081,"role":null,"authored":false,"authors":[{"type":"individual","id":"3492c6abc44dfe72","login":"yinshanyang","name":"Yin Shanyang","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/8f9792778aa7da8974c2b5d32ed6619496c1a4877e1474e9c1b1e6f9649e10a7","tier":null}],"members":[{"type":"individual","id":"3492c6abc44dfe72","login":"yinshanyang","name":"Yin Shanyang","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/8f9792778aa7da8974c2b5d32ed6619496c1a4877e1474e9c1b1e6f9649e10a7","tier":null,"role":"editor"}],"comments":[],"custom_thumbnail":false,"trashed":false,"lapsed":null,"subscribed":null,"forks":1,"collection":null,"type":"notebook","body":{"titling":"auto","title":"Parliament of Singapore Productivity Review","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"md`\n# **Parliament of Singapore**
*Productivity Review*\n\nFacing the challenge of global competition and the everchanging global landscape, Singapore seeks to maintain its edge through the gospel of productivity. With the 13th Parliament of Singapore dissolved, it is an opportune time between parliaments to present the productivity review of the outgoing parliament, and its predecessors. \n\nSurveying bills introduced and passed by the 11th, 12th and 13th Parliaments, we will assess and review the trends and shifts in productivity between the three parliaments. \n\n*All data sourced from [Parliamentary Business, Parliament of Singapore](https://www.parliament.gov.sg/parliamentary-business/).*\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":463,"value":"md`

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

	vs. 11th Parliament	vs. 12th Parliament
Bill Introduced	31.0%	41.5%
Constitutional Amendments Introduced	0.0%	50.0%
Time Taken to Pass Bills	7.5%	11.8%
Reading Speed	72.2%	49.8%

\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1023,"value":"md`\nFacing the pressure of global competition and the uncertainty brought forth by the COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative for Singapore to maintain a constant growth in its productivity levels.\n\nIn this regard, the 13th Parliament has demonstrated the way forward. Displaying remarkable productivity growth over its predecessors in almost every measure.\n\nLooking forward, we speculate that a strengthening mandate would likely result in a proportional increase in productivity from future parliaments.\n\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":580,"value":"md`

`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":20,"value":"md`\nDATA\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":160,"value":"billsIntroducedByParliaments = include2020\n ? parliaments.map(({ id }) => ({\n id,\n bills: data\n .filter(({ passed }) => passed)\n .filter(({ parliament }) => parliament === id)\n }))\n : parliaments.map(({ id }) => ({\n id,\n bills: data\n .filter(({ passed }) => passed)\n .filter(\n ({ date_introduced }) => date_introduced.format('YYYY') < '2020'\n )\n .filter(({ parliament }) => parliament === id)\n }))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":53,"value":"data = bills.map(bill => {\n const { date_introduced, date_passed } = bill;\n const passed = !!bill.date_passed;\n const parliament = (\n parliaments.find(\n ({ start, end }) => +date_introduced >= +start && +date_introduced <= +end\n ) || { id: null }\n ).id;\n const days = date_passed ? date_passed.diff(date_introduced, 'days') : null;\n const _sittings = date_passed\n ? sittings.filter(\n ({ date }) => +date >= +date_introduced && +date <= +date_passed\n ).length\n : null;\n return {\n ...bill,\n passed,\n parliament,\n days,\n sittings: _sittings\n };\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":24,"value":"bills = d3\n .csvParse(await FileAttachment(\"bills@1.csv\").text())\n .map(({ date_introduced, date_passed, pages, ...rest }) => ({\n ...rest,\n date_introduced: moment(date_introduced),\n date_passed: date_passed && moment(date_passed),\n pages: +pages\n }))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":34,"value":"sittings = d3\n .csvParse(await FileAttachment(\"sittings@1.csv\").text())\n .map(({ date }) => ({ date: moment(date) }))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":37,"value":"parliaments = d3\n .csvParse(await FileAttachment(\"parliaments@1.csv\").text())\n .map(({ id, start, end }) => ({\n id,\n start: moment(start),\n end: moment(end)\n }))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":2,"value":"md`\nIMPORTS\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":16,"value":"d3 = require('d3')","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":40,"value":"moment = require('moment')","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":394,"value":"import { checkbox } from '@jashkenas/inputs'","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":512,"value":"import { table } from \"@tmcw/tables@513\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":737,"value":"import { rangeSlider } from '@mootari/range-slider'","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"}],"files":"$W36","stdlib":"1"}} 31:"$30:body"