2b:null 2c:["$","title",null,{"children":"Casino Funds -- (functional but not intuitive) | Hails | Observable"}] 31:T964,# Casino Funds -- (functional but not intuitive) ***this version functionally works but is not intuitive*** We took a look at city financial records that detail casino fund spending from 2012 through April 2023. Find our report of findings here [link to Signal story]. There are four main take-aways: - Overall, almost 30% of casino funds from 2012-April 2023 are unspent. - Half of all funds spent were spent on 10 projects. - Most projects that make their way to finance records receive most of their funding, but one out of every 5 projects shows a $0 budget or $0 spent. - There are big differences across ward in total amount allocated and spent:

Ward 17, the ward with the highest total allocation at $1,531,032, has over twice the amount of the ward having the lowest allocation; Ward 3 at $738,627.
Ward 12 records show 46% of allocated funds spent (the lowest) while Ward 1 shows 84% of available funds spent (the highest).

This notebook dives deeper into the data and how we worked with the data, and also enables you to search and download the data. ## About the data We accessed the data through public records request. The resulting PDF file as delivered to us is downloadable here. The file contains: - Every project funded by city council’s casino fund through April 2023 - The amount of funding for each project provided by each ward - Total amount of funds available by year - Total amount of funds available by ward - Transfers to and from wards to other wards and city departments There are a couple of key decisions we made in working with the data. These decisions are summarized below, and described in greater detail in sections below: - Projects without a year code are included in 2014 - We consider any funds listed as expended, encumbered, or pre-encumbered as "spent" - To look at casino fund supported projects over time, we created a standardized version of project names. Below we (1) describe in greater detail the contents of the records and provide the raw files in machine-readable format, (2) provide definitions of fields in the records, (3) describe in detail steps in our data cleaning and transformation, and (4) provide machine readable version of our final files after cleaning and transformation steps. 32:T2aa6,content = [ { name: "s1", title: `What's in the file`, text: `Below we walk through the key components of the data file and provide access to files generated after converting the table from PDF.

File conversion, manual correction. We start by converting the file from PDF to a machine readable format, resulting in four separate tables. This required some manual correction of the converted file; we had to manually remove the summary rows in the project-ward-year level expenditure records table. The tables provided allow us to check our work, totaling project amounts from the project-ward-year file to yearly totals and ward-based totals, minimizing any potential for error.`+ `

The file contains four tables:

Total allocated by year. This is the total amount of casino funds made available to council to spend for each year since the programs start in 2012 through April 30, 2023.` + `

Total allocated and spent by ward. This is the total amount of casino funds made available to each ward from the program start in 2012 through April 30, 2023. This table breaks down the total amounts spent and unspent for each ward.` + `

List of transfers. Wards can transfer funds to one another and to city departments. This list shows funds transferred from wards to other wards and other city departments. This list of transfers explains the difference between the total amount of allocated funds in the yearly table and in the ward table. It also mostly explains why the amount of allocated funds differs across wards in the second table, since casino funds are distributed equally across all wards.` + `

Funded projects. This contains details on what projects have been funded and how much was spent. This table includes a very brief project description, the wards supporting the project, a code that identifies the project unique to that project and funding year, the funding source, and the dollar amounts budgeted and spent on the project. Another version of this table, organized by ward, is also included in the file.` }, { name: "s2", title: "Key definitions", text: "To keep things simple, we refer mostly to casino funds allocated (made available), spent, and unspent. The data file also contains the terms below. Here are definitions for the terms used in the data files, and how we defined spent.

Allocated- the total amount of casino funds made available to spend for a given year or by a given ward.

Budgeted- the amount of casino funds set aside for project. In the Total amount of casino funds allocated and spending details by ward table, this is the sum of all funds budgeted for projects supported by the ward.

Expended (spent)- the amount of casino funds that have been spent or sent out to the project to-date. In the Total amount of casino funds allocated and spending details by ward table, this is the sum of all funds spent for projects supported by the ward.

Encumbered (spent)- the amount of casino funds that are about to be spent or sent out to the project. The city has received receipts and invoices, and funds are waiting to be release to the project. We consider these funds spent in our analysis. In the Total amount of casino funds allocated and spending details by ward table, this is the sum of all funds encumbered for projects supported by the ward.

Pre-encumbered (spent)- the amount of casino funds that are on hold for processing and approval. We consider these funds spent in our analysis; only eight out of 1,084 project records have an amount of per-encumbered funds. In the Total amount of casino funds allocated and spending details by ward table, this is the sum of all funds pre-encumbered for projects supported by the ward.

Free-balance (unspent)- the difference between the total amount allocated for the project and the amount spent. In the Total amount of casino funds allocated and spending details by ward table, this is the sum of the free-balance for all projects supported by the ward.

Remaining allocation (unspent)- the difference between the total amount spent, free balance, and the total allocation.

Description- a short description of the funded project.

Project- a code identifying the year of funding and the project. The two numbers following the letter G indicate a two-digit year for the project. The code is unique to the project and the year.

Funding source(s)- a code identifying the source of funding for the project. Casino funds are represented by the code '10-188.' Only one row in the project table is from another funding source. It is excluded from our analysis." }, { name: "s3", title: "Data cleaning and transformation", text: "We used RStudio for data cleaning and analysis, including formatting the data, and restructuring/grouping the data by projects, wards, and years. Key cleaning and transformation steps for each dataset are described below."+ "

List of transfers"+ "
Cleaning:"+ "

Corrected one record's transfer amount from $340,000 to $34,000 (mistake in raw file)."+ "
Corrected one record's recipient to 'Ward 13 afterschool programs' (mistake in transformation of raw file to machine readable file)."+ "

"+ "Transformations:"+ "

Create tables of total amounts given and received by ward."+ "
Join to total allocated and spent by ward table."+ "

"+ "
Total allocated and spent by ward"+ "
Transformations:"+ "

Join to total amounts given and received from transfers."+ "
Estimated original amount of allocation (allocation total, minus total received, plus total given) for each ward."+ "
Join to ward-year totals, generated below."+ "

"+ "
Funded projects"+ "
Manual cleaning:" + "

Remove project total summary rows."+ "
Associate project ID with all related rows."+ "

"+ "Cleaning:"+ "

Extract year code from project ID, transform to 4-digit year."+ "
Assign projects with '00' year code to 2014."+ "
Generate project ID-description look-up table."+ "
Associate project description to all related rows based on Project ID."+ "
Create absolute value versions of expended, encumbered, pre-encumbered."+ "
Create total spent as sum of absolute value of expended, encumbered, and pre-encumbered."+ "
Remove one record where funds come from non-casino fund account."+ "

"+ "
From this file, we generate four key tables. Steps for cleaning and transformation are listed by table."+ "

Project-year level budgeted, spent totals. Includes the total amounts budgeted and spent for each unique project-year."+ "
- Transformations:"+ "
  - Group by Project ID and year."+ "
  - Summarize budget as sum of all budget amounts for each unique Project ID across wards supporting the given project."+ "
  - Summarize spent as sum of total spent for each unique Project ID across wards supporting the given project."+ "
  - Create percent of project budget that has been spent and classify into one of four categories (50% or more spent, 1-49% spent, $0 budget, $0 spent)."+ "
  - Create counts of projects by percent spent categories above and year of project."+ "
"+ "
Project budgeted, spent across years"+ "
- Cleaning:
  - Minimal standardization of project description across years (see lookup table here.)
  `+ "
- Transformation:
  - Group by standardized project and create budgeted, spent totals."+ "
"+ "
Ward-year level budgeted, spent totals"+ "
- Transformations:
  - Group rows by Ward and year."+ "
  - Summarize budget as sum of all budget amounts across projects for the given ward and year."+ "
  - Summarize spent as sum of total spent amounts across projects for the given ward and year."+ "
  - Join to total allocations by ward table, compare amounts budgeted and spent."+ "
  - Create yearly cumulative totals."+ "
"+ "
Year level budgeted, spent totals"+ "
- Transformations:
  - Group rows by year."+ "
  - Summarize budget as sum of all budget amounts across projects for the given year."+ "
  - Summarize spent as sum of total spent amounts across projects for the given year."+ "
  - Join to total allocations by year table."+ "
  - Create yearly cumulative totals."+ "
"+ "

"+ "
Total allocations by year"+ "
Cleaning:"+ "

Change 'Budgeted' column header to 'Allocated' (mistake in raw data file).

"+ "Transformations:"+ "

Join to yearly totals of amounts budgeted, expended, encumbered, pre-encumbered."+ "
Create yearly cumulative totals.

" }, { name: "s4", title: "Final tables", text: "The final versions of the tables, after cleaning and transformation, are available below:"+ "

Total allocated and spent by ward. Contains the amount of casino funds allocated, budgeted, spent, total recieved (from transfers), total given (from transfers), and our estimation of the allocation before transfers, by ward. From 2012 through April 2023.`+ `
Total allocated, spent, and unspent by year. Contains the amount allocated, spent, budgeted, and unspent by year. Includes both yearly and cumulative amounts, by year.`+ `
Total budgeted, spent, and unspent by ward and year. Contains the total amount of casino funds budgeted and spent by ward and year. Includes both yearly and cumulative amounts.`+ `
Projects by ward and year. Contains the amount of casino funds budgeted and spent for each individual project by year and ward. Used in the searchable table in the next section.` } ]33:[{"id":"e8152ea97d50467b9da44b544995426985882a2f0e3fdf538df08b626a099e46663e1539b7f1aca6767ea17b527948f8d727ad2f3a57486c38ecd031a97609c8","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/e8152ea97d50467b9da44b544995426985882a2f0e3fdf538df08b626a099e46663e1539b7f1aca6767ea17b527948f8d727ad2f3a57486c38ecd031a97609c8","name":"proj_ward_level_obs@2.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1698873614494.912,"size":123606},{"id":"2898ebd9432c93d4e872b2c479b9891caff6bcf1951989b297d0ffdb8510737ac5915b44a66f7c53a08f14158d2fb100e63a1f720efeb64c543b2f3e33cf79d0","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/2898ebd9432c93d4e872b2c479b9891caff6bcf1951989b297d0ffdb8510737ac5915b44a66f7c53a08f14158d2fb100e63a1f720efeb64c543b2f3e33cf79d0","name":"proj_ward_level_obs@3.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1698873614494.912,"size":123603},{"id":"b26698dfef26361c87621ff00acb71af7eab62cf180ee7b82f87381b86085866e287051ce65210b8a6295d95c2086a384434aa47ab792626ef815b355e5ee90c","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/b26698dfef26361c87621ff00acb71af7eab62cf180ee7b82f87381b86085866e287051ce65210b8a6295d95c2086a384434aa47ab792626ef815b355e5ee90c","name":"Public_Rec_C001190_042823_City_Council_Casino_Revenue_2023.pdf","type":"application/pdf","lastModified":1698873614494.912,"size":788786},{"id":"1e8872e2a9b23c1acd79f609603995e38422f1e4ed0477e87f51443699cf3d2ca375b88a47875ab5a4f033d38f6e15f574de8b2ac939e27ad364cc56a93e72b2","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/1e8872e2a9b23c1acd79f609603995e38422f1e4ed0477e87f51443699cf3d2ca375b88a47875ab5a4f033d38f6e15f574de8b2ac939e27ad364cc56a93e72b2","name":"alloc_ward_final_obs.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1698873614494.912,"size":2054},{"id":"527efcbd169ba5c303a2512219fb57a9993fe703941459cc75ca9bfc5ea91f1aecbfbc912d1fb6018d2ce37ec545f7e353b2df22de364b4bfd3b23a6b5f6ae1c","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/527efcbd169ba5c303a2512219fb57a9993fe703941459cc75ca9bfc5ea91f1aecbfbc912d1fb6018d2ce37ec545f7e353b2df22de364b4bfd3b23a6b5f6ae1c","name":"alloc_year_final_horiz_obs.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1698873614494.912,"size":1187},{"id":"e0819f1d6bd297fa647272c3d028e01592be3615eb40e4d92fe1cd716a4591b1a4611fc2e2bd4ec93ee590f613ec938e7b3cc754ab0ddbe6dbd689bb1b002092","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/e0819f1d6bd297fa647272c3d028e01592be3615eb40e4d92fe1cd716a4591b1a4611fc2e2bd4ec93ee590f613ec938e7b3cc754ab0ddbe6dbd689bb1b002092","name":"all exp by prj.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1698873614494.912,"size":134894},{"id":"f43b89ee3565457a0e37a02bc8f422c26c7b204d4907e4dcd25844e78744b78dc94056ec2a17591e09750eb0c867b162a7040f760d8572df980e12bcb5bc841b","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/f43b89ee3565457a0e37a02bc8f422c26c7b204d4907e4dcd25844e78744b78dc94056ec2a17591e09750eb0c867b162a7040f760d8572df980e12bcb5bc841b","name":"transfers.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1698873614494.912,"size":3101},{"id":"1e95ce30c1ada9ce7e3634e04cc3952190f69a946530bc1898a307c2b2bb562dcba52566539217b6792354f21f3ac95e715a118d358bc7aaf5ac961d6e95d013","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/1e95ce30c1ada9ce7e3634e04cc3952190f69a946530bc1898a307c2b2bb562dcba52566539217b6792354f21f3ac95e715a118d358bc7aaf5ac961d6e95d013","name":"Total alloc by ward.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1698873614494.912,"size":1960},{"id":"46ff50fae841ea8ca236bf82107cb94b9c8a276f29e6175bd61f09ab7542425ac1e86a1ddbe0a48eb21a7f43ee791d094ea72e47923365173375c31366040540","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/46ff50fae841ea8ca236bf82107cb94b9c8a276f29e6175bd61f09ab7542425ac1e86a1ddbe0a48eb21a7f43ee791d094ea72e47923365173375c31366040540","name":"Total alloc by year.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1698873614494.912,"size":345},{"id":"841722f39054fd78e3965cc42ea6d26100851bbbbc84e686a57dba0841f86f3e1ea434d770cc8bb7a69cfa7588d6faf5fb2c9ce8bf318e6764176e403b8d653a","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/841722f39054fd78e3965cc42ea6d26100851bbbbc84e686a57dba0841f86f3e1ea434d770cc8bb7a69cfa7588d6faf5fb2c9ce8bf318e6764176e403b8d653a","name":"ward_yr_vert_longer_obs.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1698873614494.912,"size":18468},{"id":"9610c04b875148594025586b3a83f117dd890557dd6b4819ec6484dfc093cf8ed053844a6cbc9a975bc23c0ac97da28af7617d95f48fb0616fe9c53498512cf7","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/9610c04b875148594025586b3a83f117dd890557dd6b4819ec6484dfc093cf8ed053844a6cbc9a975bc23c0ac97da28af7617d95f48fb0616fe9c53498512cf7","name":"observable_proj_lkup_clean.csv","type":"text/csv","lastModified":1698873614494.912,"size":30889}] 2f:{"id":"0a590659143f3807","slug":null,"title":"Casino Funds -- (functional but not intuitive)","thumbnail":"bd7aca445a496a37e99f3d6b851abbafe6aac2f8f1e3fd7286a6544f4207f9fb","access_level":"public","create_time":"$D2023-11-01T21:20:14.494Z","update_time":"$D2023-11-01T22:55:24.959Z","view_time":null,"first_public_time":"$D2023-11-01T21:20:14.494Z","has_unpublished_edits":null,"fork":{"id":"13e2e517499c5fce","slug":null,"title":"Casino Funds- 2012 through April 2023","owner":{"id":"d3aa6c530c4dc73c","login":"whatuphails","name":"Hails"}},"stars":0,"starred":false,"owner":{"type":"team","id":"d3aa6c530c4dc73c","login":"whatuphails","name":"Hails","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/ec715591b949562f1bddcdca673ca4b49af0212c426ea6e224135e6f5729a419","tier":"starter_2024"},"version":1186,"publish_version":null,"role":null,"authored":false,"authors":[{"type":"individual","id":"8d6e062de2c4a92d","login":"whatuphails","name":"Hails","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/ec715591b949562f1bddcdca673ca4b49af0212c426ea6e224135e6f5729a419","tier":null}],"members":[{"type":"individual","id":"8d6e062de2c4a92d","login":"whatuphails","name":"Hails","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/ec715591b949562f1bddcdca673ca4b49af0212c426ea6e224135e6f5729a419","tier":null,"role":"editor"}],"comments":[],"custom_thumbnail":false,"trashed":false,"lapsed":null,"subscribed":null,"forks":1,"collection":null,"type":"notebook","body":{"titling":"auto","title":"Casino Funds -- (functional but not intuitive)","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"$31","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":730,"value":"accordion = {\n const table = document.createElement('div');\n table.style.background = 'white';\n //table.style.border = '1px solid black';\n //table.style.float = 'right';\n\n for (let e in content) {\n let button = document.createElement(\"button\");\n button.setAttribute('class', 'accordion');\n\n button.innerHTML = `${content[e].title}`;\n\n let panel = document.createElement(\"div\", { class: \"panel\" });\n panel.setAttribute('class', 'panel');\n panel.setAttribute('id', 'panel-' + content[e].name);\n\n let p = document.createElement(\"p\");\n p.innerHTML = content[e].text;\n panel.appendChild(p);\n\n table.appendChild(button);\n table.appendChild(panel);\n\n button.addEventListener(\"click\", function() {\n this.classList.toggle(\"active\");\n let panel = this.nextElementSibling;\n if (panel.style.maxHeight) {\n panel.style.maxHeight = null;\n } else {\n panel.style.maxHeight = panel.scrollHeight + \"px\";\n }\n });\n }\n return table;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":814,"value":"## Search casino fund projects\n\nSearch the table of casino fund projects below. Type in a project name to see the amounts budgeted, expended, encumbered, and pre-encumbered, and the wards supporting the project. \n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":984,"value":"// Search project description\nviewof search = Inputs.search(projects_d3.map(d => d.ProjectDesc),{\n placeholder: \"Search Project Description\"\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1079,"value":"// Search by ward\nviewof WardClass1 = Inputs.checkbox(projects_d3.map(d => d.WardName), {multiple: true, unique: true, label: \"Select a Ward (control-click to select two or more)\", value: \"\"})","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1082,"value":"// Create input for table based on user input\nselectedRows = projects_d3.filter((d => (!WardClass1.length || WardClass1.includes(d.WardName)) && search.includes(d.ProjectDesc)))","pinned":false,"hidden":true,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":823,"value":"Inputs.table(selectedRows, {\n header: {\n ProjectID: \"Project ID\",\n ProjectDesc: \"Project Description (original)\",\n WardName: \"Ward\",\n Budget: \"Budget ($)\",\n Spent: \"Spent ($)\",\n PctSpent: \"Percent Spent\",\n PctSpentCoded: \"Percent Spent (coded)\",\n Expended: \"Expended ($)\",\n Encumbered: \"Encumbered ($)\",\n PreEncumbered: \"Pre-Encumbered ($)\",\n ProjectDescClean: \"Project Description (standardized)\",\n },\n width: {\n ProjectDesc: 400,\n Budget: 200,\n },\n align: {\n Budget: \"right\",\n Spent: \"right\",\n PctSpent: \"right\",\n Expended: \"right\",\n Encumbered: \"right\",\n PreEncumbered: \"right\",\n },\n format: {\n Budget: x => d3.format(\",.2f\")(x),\n Spent: x => d3.format(\",.2f\")(x),\n Expended: x => d3.format(\",.2f\")(x),\n Encumbered: x => d3.format(\",.2f\")(x),\n PreEncumbered: x => d3.format(\",.2f\")(x),\n PctSpent: x => d3.format(\",.2f\")(x),\n Year: x => d3.format(\"d\")(x)\n },\n required: false\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1092,"value":"viewof YearClass = Inputs.select(projects_d3.map(d => d.Year), {sort: true, unique: true, label: \"Select a Year\"})","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1103,"value":"selectedWards_old = projects_d3.filter((d => d.WardName === WardClass1, d=> d.Year === YearClass, d=> d.ProjectDesc === search)","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":642,"value":"## Scratch space","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":987,"value":"projects_d3 = FileAttachment(\"proj_ward_level_obs@3.csv\")\n .csv() // no `{typed: true}` in `csv()`\n .then((data) => {\n data.forEach((d) => {\n // d.Budget = d3.format(\",.2f\")(+d.Budget);\n // d.Spent = d3.format(\",.2f\")(Number(d.Spent));\n // d.Expended = d3.format(\",.2f\")(Number(d.Expended));\n // d.Encumbered = d3.format(\",.2f\")(Number(d.Encumbered));\n // d.PreEncumbered = d3.format(\",.2f\")(Number(d.PreEncumbered));\n // d.PctSpent = d3.format(\",.2f\")(Number(d.PctSpent));\n // d.Spent = d3.format(\",.2f\")(Number(d.Spent));\n // d.Year = d3.format(\"d\")(d.Year);\n\n d.Budget = +d.Budget;\n d.Spent = +d.Spent;\n d.Expended = +d.Expended;\n d.Encumbered = +d.Encumbered;\n d.PreEncumbered = +d.PreEncumbered;\n d.PctSpent = +d.PctSpent;\n d.Year = +d.Year;\n });\n return data;\n })","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":666,"value":"# Transfers\n\nKey transformations with the transfers dataset below.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":653,"value":"viewof transfers = aq\n .fromCSV(await FileAttachment('transfers.csv').text())\n .view({height:240})\n","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":672,"value":"transfers\n .rename({\"Transfer amount\": \"amount\"})\n .groupby(\"Giver\")\n .rollup({total_given: d=> op.sum(d.amount)})\n .view()","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":931,"value":"# Behind the curtain\nBelow are some dependencies for various components of this notebook.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":633,"value":"//import arquero, langague similar to R that can be used in Observable\n\nimport {aq, op} from '@uwdata/arquero'","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":638,"value":"// vega-lite is similar to ggplot2\n// require is pulling in the package vega-lite\nvg = require('vega-lite')","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":732,"value":"accordionStyle = md``","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":734,"value":"$32","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"}],"files":"$W33","stdlib":"1"}} 30:"$2f:body"