2b:null 2c:["$","title",null,{"children":"Grain flows by rail in Ukraine | atsokol | Observable"}] 31:T6dc,bertin.draw({ params: { projection: d3.geoMercator(), background: "white", width: 900 }, layers: [ { type: "custom", render: drawLegend, x: 220, y: 70, radius: 10, labels: ["origin", "destination", "flow"], colors: ["#59a14f", "#e15759", "#f28e2c"], }, { type: "bubble", geojson: destination_geo, values: "volume", dorling: true, k: 17, fixmax: d3.max(destination_geo.features.map(d => d.properties.volume)), stroke: "white", strokeWidth: 1, fill: "#e15759", fillOpacity: 1, tooltip: { fields: ["$name", d => "Volume: " + d3.format(",.0f")(d.properties.volume / 1000) + " kton"], fontSize: 12, }, leg_x: 100, leg_y: 30, leg_round: -3, leg_divisor: 1000, leg_title: "Volumes \n ('000 tonnes)" }, { type: "bubble", geojson: origin_geo, values: "volume", dorling: true, k: 17, fixmax: d3.max(destination_geo.features.map(d => d.properties.volume)), stroke: "white", strokeWidth: 1, fill: 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T","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/e5b1ecc1785c25cd2a558eb586101a317755d10435b6e2122a918d53245d5ab0","tier":null}],"members":[{"type":"individual","id":"1cc75fc7f25f3d6a","login":"atsokol","name":"Andrii T","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/e5b1ecc1785c25cd2a558eb586101a317755d10435b6e2122a918d53245d5ab0","tier":null,"role":"editor"},{"type":"team","id":"67596cf83e89a91c","login":"atsokol","name":"atsokol","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/377abaada84daeb487e417deeb4779c04a819d8e607bfcf58c388483815ab8e4","tier":"starter_2024","role":"editor"}],"comments":[],"custom_thumbnail":false,"trashed":false,"lapsed":null,"subscribed":null,"forks":3,"collection":{"id":"801003ac9ec6d13f","slug":"ukraine-energy-and-infra","title":"Ukraine energy and infra","owner":{"id":"67596cf83e89a91c","login":"atsokol","name":"atsokol"}},"type":"notebook","body":{"title":"Grain flows by rail in Ukraine","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"# Grain flows by rail in Ukraine","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":353,"value":"

Grain flows in Ukraine resemble a river system, with smaller streams from across the country converging toward the seaports in the south.

Flows have been aggregated along the rail network, with calculations performed in R based on 2020 data. Code and results are available here: https://github.com/atsokol/UZ-grain-flows/

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":26,"value":"$31","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":502,"value":"function drawLegend(svg, map, options) {\n const {x, y, labels, colors, radius} = options;\n\n svg\n .append(\"g\")\n .attr(\"transform\", `translate(${x}, ${y})`) // Position the legend\n .append(() => swatches({\n colour: d3.scaleOrdinal(labels,colors),\n swatchRadius: radius\n })\n )\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":706,"value":"Plot.plot({\n y: {grid: true, label: null, tickFormat: d3.format(\".0%\")},\n x: {type: \"log\", label: \"station rank\"},\n title: \"Volume distribution by station\",\n subtitle: html`Frequency / rank distribution by\n origin and \n destination stations,\n log scale`,\n marks: [\n Plot.line(\n origin,\n {x: \"rank\",\n y: \"cum_pct\",\n stroke: \"#59a14f\",\n strokeWidth: 2,\n tip: {\n format: {\n y: (d) => `${d3.format(\".0%\")(d)}`,\n }\n }\n }\n ),\n Plot.line(\n destination,\n {x: \"rank\",\n y: \"cum_pct\",\n stroke: \"#e15759\",\n strokeWidth: 2,\n tip: {\n format: {\n y: (d) => `${d3.format(\".0%\")(d)}`,\n }\n }\n }\n ),\n Plot.ruleY([0, 1]),\n Plot.axisX({anchor: \"top\", label: null}),\n Plot.axisX({anchor: \"bottom\"}),\n ]\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":597,"value":"Plot.plot({\n title: \"Trip distance distribution, linear scale\",\n x: {label: \"km\"},\n marks: [\n Plot.tickX(flows_grain, {x: \"distance\", stroke: \"steelblue\", strokeOpacity: 0.1}),\n Plot.tickX(flows_grain, Plot.groupZ(\n {x: \"median\"},\n {x: \"distance\", \n stroke: \"red\", \n strokeWidth: 2.5, \n tip: {\n format: {\n x: (d) => `${d3.format(\",.0f\")(d)}`,\n }\n }\n }\n ))\n ]\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":594,"value":"Plot.plot({\n marginLeft: 60,\n width: 700,\n height: 400,\n marginBottom: 200,\n title: \"Top 30 destination stations\",\n fill: \"steelblue\",\n y: {label: \"tons\"},\n x: {label: null},\n marks: [\n Plot.barY(destination, \n Plot.groupX(\n {y: \"sum\"}, \n {x: \"name\", \n y: \"volume\", \n sort: {x: \"y\", reverse: true, limit: 30}, \n fill: \"steelblue\",\n tip: {\n format: {\n name: true,\n y: (d) => `${d3.format(\",.0f\")(d)}`,\n }\n }\n })),\n Plot.axisX({tickRotate: -90})\n ]\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":592,"value":"Plot.plot({\n marginLeft: 50,\n width: 1000,\n height: 400,\n marginBottom: 150,\n title: \"Top 50 origin stations\",\n fill: \"steelblue\",\n y: {label: \"tons\"},\n x: {label: null},\n marks: [\n Plot.barY(origin, \n Plot.groupX(\n {y: \"sum\"}, \n {x: \"name\", \n y: \"volume\", \n sort: {x: \"y\", \n reverse: true, \n limit: 50\n }, \n fill: \"steelblue\",\n tip: {\n format: {\n name: true,\n y: (d) => `${d3.format(\",.0f\")(d)}`,\n }\n }\n })\n ),\n Plot.axisX({tickRotate: -90})\n ]\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":5,"value":"

Appendix

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":494,"value":"#### Calculate flow, origin and destination volumes","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":374,"value":"origin_geo = geo.coords2geo(origin, { lat: \"lat\", lon: \"lon\" })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":370,"value":"destination_geo = geo.coords2geo(destination, { lat: \"lat\", lon: \"lon\" })","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":358,"value":"origin = {\n const volume = aq.from(flows_grain)\n .groupby(\"source\")\n .rollup({volume: d => op.sum(d.volume)})\n .join_left(aq.from(stations), [\"source\", \"id\"])\n .orderby(aq.desc(\"volume\"))\n .derive({rank: op.row_number()})\n\n const Sum = d3.sum(volume.objects().map(d => d.volume))\n\n return volume\n .params({Sum: Sum})\n .derive({cum_vol: aq.rolling(d => op.sum(d.volume))})\n .derive({cum_pct: d => d.cum_vol / Sum})\n .objects()\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":364,"value":"destination = {\n const volume = aq.from(flows_grain)\n .groupby(\"target\")\n .rollup({volume: d => op.sum(d.volume)})\n .join_left(aq.from(stations), [\"target\", \"id\"])\n .orderby(aq.desc(\"volume\"))\n .derive({rank: op.row_number()})\n\n const Sum = d3.sum(volume.objects().map(d => d.volume))\n\n return volume\n .params({Sum: Sum})\n .derive({cum_vol: aq.rolling(d => op.sum(d.volume))})\n .derive({cum_pct: d => d.cum_vol / Sum})\n .objects()\n}\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":492,"value":"#### Load data","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":169,"value":"stations = FileAttachment(\"stations.csv\").csv({typed: true})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":66,"value":"flows_grain = FileAttachment(\"flows_grain.csv\").csv({typed: true})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":18,"value":"grain_agg = FileAttachment(\"grain flows agg.geojson\").json()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":172,"value":"projection = d3.geoMercator() \n .scale(2200)\n .center([2,49.5])\n .rotate([-30,0,0]) ","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":447,"value":"ukraine = topojson.feature(ua, ua.objects.regions)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":438,"value":"ua = FileAttachment(\"ua.json\").json()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":473,"value":"#### Library imports","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":8,"value":"bertin = require(`bertin@latest`)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":367,"value":"geo = require(\"geotoolbox@2\")","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":80,"value":"import {aq, op} from \"@uwdata/arquero\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":530,"value":"import {swatches} from \"@bayre/svg-swatches\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"}],"files":"$W32","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}} 30:"$2f:body"