40:null 41:["$","title",null,{"children":"Weather Forecast and Carbon Credit Funding | Abayhaile59 | Observable"}] 47:Tac7,viewof selectedWoreda = { const names = Array.from( new Set( woredaBoundaries.features .map(f => f.properties.ADM31_EN || f.properties.ADM3_EN || f.properties.admin3_name ) .filter(Boolean) ) ).sort(); const container = html`

Woreda

`; const input = container.querySelector('input'); const list = container.querySelector('div > div > div'); let selected = names[0]; container.value = selected; input.value = selected; const render = (query) => { const q = (query || '').toLowerCase(); const filtered = q ? names.filter(n => n.toLowerCase().includes(q)) : names; list.innerHTML = ''; if (filtered.length === 0) { list.innerHTML = '

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'; return; } for (const name of filtered) { const isSelected = name === selected; const item = document.createElement('div'); item.textContent = name; item.style.cssText = `padding:7px 10px;font-size:13px;cursor:pointer; background:${isSelected ? '#e8f0fe' : 'white'}; font-weight:${isSelected ? '600' : 'normal'};`; item.addEventListener('mouseover', () => { if (name !== selected) item.style.background = '#f5f5f5'; }); item.addEventListener('mouseout', () => { item.style.background = name === selected ? '#e8f0fe' : 'white'; }); item.addEventListener('mousedown', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); selected = name; input.value = name; list.style.display = 'none'; container.value = name; container.dispatchEvent(new Event('input', {bubbles: true})); }); list.appendChild(item); } }; input.addEventListener('focus', () => { render(input.value); list.style.display = 'block'; }); input.addEventListener('input', () => { render(input.value); list.style.display = 'block'; }); input.addEventListener('blur', () => { setTimeout(() => { list.style.display = 'none'; input.value = selected; }, 160); }); return container; } 48:T5fb1,nbText= ({ carbonCreditFunding: { carbonCreditTitle: { en: "Carbon Credit in Ethiopia", am: "በኢትዮጵያ የካርቦን ክሬዲት", or: "Kirediitii Kaarbonii Itoophiyaa", ti: "ክሬዲት ካርቦን ኣብ ኢትዮጵያ", so: "Kireditka Kaarbaanka ee Itoobiya", af: "Carbooni Crediit Itoobiyat" }, carbonCreditContent1: { en: "A carbon credit is a measurable and tradable unit that represents the reduction, avoidance, or removal of one metric ton of carbon dioxide (CO₂) or its equivalent in other greenhouse gases, created through activities that lower emissions compared to a baseline scenario. Carbon credits are used mainly in global carbon markets to help governments and companies meet climate targets by offsetting emissions that are difficult or expensive to eliminate directly.", am: "የካርቦን ክሬዲት በመሠረታዊ ሁኔታ ላይ በተነፃፀረ መጠን ከመነሳሳት የሚቀንሱ ተግባራት በኩል የተፈጠረ አንድ ሜትሪክ ቶን ካርቦን ዳይኦክሳይድ (CO₂) ወይም በሌሎች የሙቀት እግር ጋዞች ውስጥ ካለው ተመሳሳይነት ጋር የሚዛመድ መቀነስ፣ ማስወገድ ወይም ማስወገድን የሚወክል የሚለካ እና የሚነገድ ክፍል ነው። የካርቦን ክሬዲቶች በዋናነት በዓለም አቀፍ የካርቦን ገበያዎች ውስጥ አስቸጋሪ ወይም ውድ የሆነ በቀጥታ ለማስወገድ በመስፈርት ላይ በመመስረት መንግሥታትን እና ኩባንያዎችን የአየር ንብረት ግቦችን እንዲያሟሉ ለመርዳት ያገለግላሉ።", or: "Kirediitii kaarbonii ykn dachii ho'aa isaa tokko sirnaan lakkaa'uufi daldalamaa ta'ee, kuusaa oktaalii meetira tokko kaarbon daayooksayidii (CO₂) ykn gaazii daggalaa birootiin walqixa ta'een mul'ata. Kuni dhiibbaa hin baasin yookaan dhiibbaa xiqqeessuu gochoota geggeeffamuudhaan uumurameera. Kirediitoonni kaarbonii giddu-galeessa gabaabaa irratti hundaawuun qilleensa laafisuu fi balleessuu keessatti maallaqaa gochoota isaanii xiqqeessuudha. Kaarbon kirediitiin gurguddoonni qilleensaa balleessuuf gochoota dhiibbaa xiqqeessuuf yaalii jiran waggaa tokko tokkotti maallaqaaf jecha daldalama. Hegumaa garaagarummaa maallaqaaf, haalli yaalii, fi qaccee gochootaa irratti hunda'uun bakka bu'uuf dhaabbilee mootummaa fi waldaalee gargaaru.", ti: "ክሬዲት ካርቦን ንሓደ ሜትሪክ ቶን ካርቦን ዳዮክሳይድ (CO₂) ወይ ኣብ ካልኦት ጋዞታት ደቂቕ ሓጋይ ዝኾነ መጠን ክቕንስ፡ ክኸልክል፡ ወይ ክወግድ ዝውክል ብቐመም ዝምዘንን ብገንዘብ ዝኻፈልን ኣካል እዩ። ብተግባራት እተፈጥረ እዩ፣ እዚ ኸኣ ካብ መሰረታዊ ኵነታት ንኽልም ኢሚሽናት ዝንኪ ይገብር። ክሬዲት ካርቦን ብዓበይቲ ኣብ ዓለማዊ ዕዳጋታት ካርቦን ይጥቀም እዩ፣ ነቶም ኣካላት ቀጥታ ንኸወግድዎም ኣጸጋሚ ወይ ኣዝዩ ክቡር ዝኾኑ ኢሚሽናት ብምስፋን ንመንግስታትን ኩባንያታትን ንዕላማታት ኵነታት ኣየር ክሳተፉ ይሕግዞም።", so: "Kireditka kaarbaanku waa halbeeg lagu qiyaasi karo oo lagu ganacsan karo kaasoo matala saamida, ka-fogaanshaha, ama saarista mitir halbeed oo kaarbon daayooksaydh (CO₂) ama mid la mid ah ee ku jira gaaska kale ee duurjoogta ah, oo la abuuray iyadoo la sameeyayo hawlaha hoos u dhigaya duufaanta marka loo eego xaalad aasaasiga ah. Kireditka kaarbaanku inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa suuqyada kaarbaanka ee caalamka si loo caawiyo dawladaha iyo shirkadaha in ay fuliyaan hadafyada cimilada iyadoo la laaliyo duufaanta ay adag tahay ama qaali tahay in si toos ah looga saaro. Kireditka kaarbaanku waxay ka caawiyaan in la dhaafiyo hadafka saamida ee shirkadaha iyo dowladaha, iyaga oo ku saleysan qiyamka suuqa, nidaamka fulinta, iyo faa'iidooyinka shaqooyinka.", af: "Carbooni crediit bennaw baxxiyyii tamaatah caccaramat baddiyyah iimaanah xaylo baxxiiq caddok tiffa caala haytaama malihat (CO₂) tet yan baxxiiq coonot yab yafrik tan xaafi yaaba yan waafi tam yakkale num tet qaduk caala waafi tam yakkale. Carbooni crediit qaduwwi carbooni macabcaali kee lakal yan weeqoh geytim qaduwwi caalam kee tamaatah baxxiyyii amoytam qaduwwi kee tamaatah baxxiyyii amoh cafimmah yan tet umaane waah tet yan tet baaxo caddoh massak gaba keenih yan bennaw aysuk ren gaba macabboyya kassita kedo yan cafimmah yan num tekkek ama afoomah yan ceelalit caddoh adda yaabek." }, carbonCreditContent2: { en: "In Ethiopia, carbon credits are increasingly viewed as a strategic tool for both climate action and economic development, strongly aligned with the country’s Climate-Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) strategy and its commitment to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. Ethiopia participates primarily in the voluntary carbon market, where international buyers purchase credits to support corporate sustainability and net-zero pledges, rather than through mandatory compliance systems.", am: "በኢትዮጵያ የካርቦን ክሬዲቶች እንደ ሁለቱም ለአየር ንብረት እርምጃ እና ለኢኮኖሚያዊ እድገት ስትራቴጂካዊ መሳሪያ በመጨመር ላይ ናቸው፣ ከአገሪቱ የአየር ንብረት-ጠንካራ አረንጓዴ ኢኮኖሚ (CRGE) ስትራቴጂ እና ከ2050 ዓ.ም. የነት-ዜሮ ልቀቶችን ለማሳካት ከሚያደርገው ቁርጠኝነት ጋር በጥብቅ የተያያዘ ነው። ኢትዮጵያ በዋነኝነት በፈቃደኛ የካርቦን ገበያ ውስጥ ተሳትፋለች፣ እዚህ ላይ ዓለማዊ ገዢዎች የኩባንያ ዘላቂነት እና የነት-ዜሮ ቃል ኪዳኖችን ለመደገፍ ክሬዲቶችን ይገዛሉ፣ ከግዴታ ተግሣጽ ስርዓቶች ይልቅ።", or: "Itoophiyaa keessatti, kirediitoonni kaarbonii yaalii qilleensaa laafisuu fi dhaabbilee sochii qilleensaa fi dhaabbilee dhaabbilee itti fufinsaa qilleensaa irratti xiyyeeffannoo godhatan. Kuni maallaqa itti fufinsaa qilleensaa fi kirediitii dhiibbaa xiqqeessuuf gochoota dhiibbaa xiqqeessuuf yaalii jiran irratti hundaa'uun, bifa sirnaan hojjechuun, akkasumas qilleensa balleessuuf yaalii jiran irratti hundaawuun bifa sirnaan hojjechuudhaan qilleensaa laafisuu fi dhaabbilee sochii qilleensaa irratti xiyyeeffannoo godhatan. Itoophiyaan gahaa dhaabbataa kaarbonii keessatti hirmaata, akkasumas maallaqa itti fufinsaa qilleensaa fi kirediitii dhiibbaa xiqqeessuuf gochoota dhiibbaa xiqqeessuuf yaalii jiran irratti hundaa'uun, bifa sirnaan hojjechuun, akkasumas qilleensa balleessuuf yaalii jiran irratti hundaawuun bifa sirnaan hojjechuudhaan qilleensaa laafisuu fi dhaabbilee sochii qilleensaa irratti xiyyeeffannoo godhatan.", ti: "ኣብ ኢትዮጵያ፡ ክሬዲት ካርቦን ንክልተኡ ስጉምቲ ኵነታት ኣየርን ምህዳም ቁጠባን ንምግባር ከም ስትራተጂካዊ መሳርሒታት ብዝያዳ ይርአ ኣሎ፣ ምስቲ ናይ ሃገር ስትራተጂ ንተመናመንቲ ኣየር ዘይብሉ ሓምሊ ቁጠባ (CRGE)ን ናብ 2050 ዝነጥፍ ዜሮ ልቀት ንምግባር ዝወሰደቶ ቃል ኪዳንን ብተሪር ተወሃሂዱ ኣሎ። ኢትዮጵያ ብቐንዱ ኣብ ፍቓደኛ ዕዳጋ ካርቦን ትሳተፍ ኣላ፣ ኣብቲ ዓለማውያን ከም ዝገዛዉ ክሬዲት ንኽንክን ኩባንያታት ንምድጋፍን ንጽህና ቃል ኪዳኖታት ንምድጋፍን ዝገዙ እዩ፣ ካብ ናይ ግዴታ ስርዓታት ይፈላለ እዩ።", so: "Itoobiya, kireditka kaarbaanka sii kordhaya ayaa loo arkaa inuu yahay qalab hagar ah oo loogu talagalay labada dhinac ee ficilka cimilada iyo horumar dhaqaale, oo si adag ugu dhigma istaraatiijiyadda dhaqaalaha cagaaran ee iska caabiya cimilada (CRGE) ee dalka iyo ballanqaadkiisa loogu talagalay inuu gaaro saamida eber net-ka 2050. Itoobiya waxay ka qayb qaadataa suuqyada kaarbaanka ee iskaa ah, halkaas oo iibsadayaasha caalamiga ah uu iibsado kirediyada si uu u taageero joogtada shirkadaha iyo ballanqaadyada eber net-ka, halkii ay ku jireen nidaamyo ku qasban fulinta.", af: "Itoobiyat kee carbooni crediit bennaw tekkek baddiyyah tamaatah tet inkiih yan macaboyya tamaatah baxxiyyii amoytam qaduwwi kee tamaatah baxxiyyii amoytam qaduwwi kee tamaatah baxxiyyii amoh cafimmah yan num tet kedo yan cafimmah yan num tekkek. Tet Itoobiyat ceelalit kee baxxiyyii tamaatah tet yan weeqoh kee yan qaduwwi caalam kee tamaatah baxxiyyii amoytam qaduwwi kee tamaatah baxxiyyii amoh cafimmah yan num tet kedo yan cafimmah yan num tekkek. Itoobiyat kee carbooni crediit bennaw tekkek baddiyyah tamaatah tet inkiih yan macaboyya tamaatah baxxiyyii amoytam qaduwwi kee tamaatah baxxiyyii amoytam qaduwwi kee tamaatah baxxiyyii amoh cafimmah yan num tet kedo yan cafimmah yan num tekkek." }, carbonCreditContent3: { en: "The country has strong potential to generate carbon credits because of its large land area, favourable climate, and low-cost mitigation opportunities, particularly in nature-based solutions. Key carbon credit activities include reforestation and afforestation programs, large-scale forest conservation and REDD+ initiatives, and the government-led Green Legacy Initiative, which promotes mass tree planting. In addition, Ethiopia has expanded projects involving clean and efficient cookstoves, which reduce fuelwood consumption, deforestation, and indoor air pollution while generating verifiable emission reductions. Renewable energy projects, especially wind, solar, and hydropower, also contribute, alongside climate-smart agricultural practices such as improved soil management and sustainable livestock systems that reduce methane emissions.", am: "ሀገሪቱ ትልቅ የመሬት ስፋት፣ አዎንታዊ የአየር ንብረት እና ዝቅተኛ ወጪ የማራመድ እድሎች ስላሏት በተለይም በተፈጥሯዊ መፍትሄዎች ላይ የካርቦን ክሬዲቶችን ለመፍጠር ጠንካራ አቅም አላት። ቁልፍ የካርቦን ክሬዲት እንቅስቃሴዎች የደግሞ ደን እና ደን መድረስ ፕሮግራሞች፣ ትልቅ ደረጃ ያለው የደን ጥበቃ እና የ REDD+ የሚያስተዋውቁ እንቅስቃሴዎች እና በመንግሥት የተመራው የአረንጓዴ ቅርስ ተነሳሽነት ይጨምራል ፣ ይህም ብዙ ዛፍ በመትከል ያበረታታል። በተጨማሪም ኢትዮጵያ ንጹህ እና ውጤታማ የምግብ ማብሰያዎችን የሚያካትቱ ፕሮጀክቶችን አስፋፍታለች ፣ ይህም የነዳጅ እንጨት ፍጆታ ፣ የደን መጥፋት እና የውስጥ አየር ብክለትን ይቀንሳል ፣ በተመሳሳይ ጊዜ የሚፈቀዱ የልቀት መቀነስን ያመነጫል። የእንፈላለጅ ኃይል ፕሮጀክቶች ፣ በተለይም ንፋስ ፣ ፀሐይ እና የውሃ ኃይል ፣ እንዲሁም የአየር ንብረት-ጠቢብ የስርስር ልማት አሰራሮች እንደሚበሉ የአፈር አስተዳደር እና ዘላቂ የእንስሳት ስርዓቶች የሚቀንሱ የሜትዴን ልቀቶችን ያሳድጋሉ።", or: "Biyyaan kun dandeettii guddaa qaba kirediitii kaarbonii uumuuf sababa lafa bal'aa, qilleensa gaariifi carraa xiqqeessuu gahaa dhiigaa, gaaffiiwwan uumama irratti hundaa'aniif. Gochoota gurguddoo kirediitii kaarbonii keessaa hojiwwan dhadachiisaa fi daddarbiinsa mukaa, eegumsa bosonaa bal'aa fi kaapitoleeshinii REDD+, fi Kaapitoleeshinii Dhadachiisaa Mukaa kan mootummaa qajeelchitu, kan baay'inaan mukaa daddarbisu geggeessu dha. Dabalataanis, Itoophiyaan piroojektiwwan sobaa fi gaarii dhaabbataa dhaabbachuu dabalatee, kan qilleensaa laafisuu fi dhaabbilee sochii qilleensaa irratti xiyyeeffannoo godhatan, akkasumas maallaqa itti fufinsaa qilleensaa fi kirediitii dhiibbaa xiqqeessuuf gochoota dhiibbaa xiqqeessuuf yaalii jiran irratti hundaa'uun, bifa sirnaan hojjechuun, akkasumas qilleensa balleessuuf yaalii jiran irratti hundaawuun bifa sirnaan hojjechuudhaan qilleensaa laafisuu fi dhaabbilee sochii qilleensaa irratti xiyyeeffannoo godhatan.", ti: "ሃገር ካርቦን ክሬዲት ንምፍጣር ሓያል ክእለት ኣለዋ፣ ምኽንያቱ ሰፊሕ መሬታ፡ ጽቡቕ ኵነታት ኣየር፡ ከምኡውን ኣዝዩ ርካሽ ኣጋጣሚታት ምክልኻል፡ ብፍላይ ኣብ መፍትሔታት ኣብ ተፈጥሯ ዝተመስረቱ። ቀንዲ ንጥፈታት ክሬዲት ካርቦን መደመር ደገ ፈጢርን መደመር ደገ ፕሮግራምታትን፡ ናይ ሰፊሕ ደገ ምዕቃብን ናይ REDD+ ኣበርክቶታትን፡ ከምኡውን ናይ መንግስቲ እተመርኰሰ ሓምሊ ቅርሲ ተነሳሽነት (Green Legacy Initiative) ዘጠቓልል እዩ፣ እዚ ድማ ብዙሕ ኣግራብ ንምትካል የተባብዕ። ብዘይካዚ፡ ኢትዮጵያ ንጽሩይን ብቕልጡፍን ናይ ምምሃዝ መድሃኒታት ዝሓዘት ፕሮጀክታት ኣስፊሓት ኣላ፣ እዚ ድማ ናይ ሓዊ ዕንጨይቲ ጥቕሚ፡ ደገ ምዕጋት፡ ከምኡውን ናይ ውሽጢ ብክለት ኣየር ይንኪ፣ ኣብ ርእሲኡ እውን ዝርግጽ ምክልኻል ልቀት የፍጥር። ፕሮጀክታት ሃይል ንዳግመ ምጥቃም፡ ብፍላይ ንፋስ፡ ጸሓይን ሃይል ማይን፡ እውን ይበጽሓሉ፣ ምስ ናይ ኵነታት ኣየር ጥበብ ዘለዎም ናይ ሕርሻ ኵነታት ከም ዝለወጠ ምሕደራ ሓመድን ዘለዎም ምሕደራ እንስሳትን እውን ይሕግዙ፡ እዚ ድማ ሜትዴን ልቀት ይንኪ።", so: "Dalku waxaa uu leeyahay awood xooggan oo uu ka soo saaro kireditka kaarbaanka sababtoo ah meelaha weyn ee dhulka, cimilada wanaagsan, iyo fursadaha hoos u dhigga qiima jaban, gaar ahaan xalalka ku salaysan dabiicada. Hawlaha muhiimka ah ee kireditka kaarbaanka waxaa ka mid ah barnaamijyada dib u dhirka iyo dhirka, ilaalinta keydka weyn ee duurka iyo ololaha REDD+, iyo Ololaha Dhalashada Cagaaran ee hogaamiya dowladda, kaasoo kor u qaada beerista geedaha badan. Intaa waxaa dheer, Itoobiya waxay ku faafisay mashruucyada ku lug leh miiska kariyaha nadiif ah iyo wax ku ool ah, kuwaasoo hoos u dhiga isticmaalka qoryaha, burburka duurka, iyo wasakhda hawada gudaha iyadoo ay samayso hoos u dhiga duufaanta la xaqiijin karo. Mashruucyada tamarta dib loo soo celiyo, gaar ahaan dabaylka, qorraxda, iyo tamarta biyaha, sidoo kale waxay ka qayb qaataan, iyo sidoo kale hababka beerista ee xirfad leh cimilada sida maareynta dhulka oo la horumariyay iyo nidaamyada xoolaha oo waara oo hoos u dhiga duufaanta miiteynka.", af: "Bennaw tet baddiyyah tamaatah tet inkiih yan macaboyya tamaatah baxxiyyii amoytam qaduwwi kee tamaatah baxxiyyii amoytam qaduwwi kee tamaatah baxxiyyii amoh cafimmah yan num tet kedo yan cafimmah yan num tekkek. Tet Itoobiyat ceelalit kee baxxiyyii tamaatah tet yan weeqoh kee yan qaduwwi caalam kee tamaatah baxxiyyii amoytam qaduwwi kee tamaatah baxxiyyii amoh cafimmah yan num tet kedo yan cafimmah yan num tekkek. Itoobiyat kee carbooni crediit bennaw tekkek baddiyyah tamaatah tet inkiih yan macaboyya tamaatah baxxiyyii amoytam qaduwwi kee tamaatah baxxiyyii amoytam qaduwwi kee tamaatah baxxiyyii amoh cafimmah yan num tet kedo yan cafimmah yan num tekkek." }, carbonCreditContent4: { en: "International interest in Ethiopian carbon credits has grown in recent years as global demand for high-quality, nature-based credits has increased, particularly from Europe, North America, and the Gulf states. Ethiopian credits are often competitive due to relatively low production costs, although prices vary depending on quality, verification standards, and co-benefits such as biodiversity protection and community development. Despite this positive trend, challenges persist, including complex approval and verification processes, land tenure and community consent issues, limited local technical expertise, and concerns about ensuring transparency and long-term environmental integrity. Overall, the carbon credit trend in Ethiopia shows steady expansion and rising global relevance, with significant potential to mobilize climate finance, support rural livelihoods, and contribute to sustainable development if governance, capacity, and quality standards continue to improve.", am: "ዓለም አቀፍ ፍላጎት በኢትዮጵያ የካርቦን ክሬዲቶች በቅርብ ዓመታት ውስጥ ጨምሯል ፣ ምክንያቱም ከፍተኛ ጥራት ያላቸው ፣ በተፈጥሮ ላይ የተመሰረቱ ክሬዲቶች ፍላጎት በማዕበል ሲጨምር ፣ በተለይም ከአውሮፓ ፣ ከሰሜን አሜሪካ እና ከክልል ሀገራት። የኢትዮጵያ ክሬዲቶች ብዙውን ጊዜ ተወዳዳሪ ናቸው በአንጻራዊ ዝቅተኛ የምርት ወጪዎች ምክንያት ፣ ምንም እንኳን ዋጋዎቹ በጥራት ፣ በማረጋገጫ ደረጃዎች እና በአካባቢያዊ ጥቅሞች ላይ በመመስረት ይለያያሉ ፣ እንደ ባዮዲየርሲቲ ጥበቃ እና የማህበረሰብ እድገት። ከዚህ አዎንታዊ አዝማሚያ በተቃራኒ ፣ ችግሮች አሁንም ይቆያሉ ፣ እነዚህም ውስብስብ የማረጋገጫ እና የማረጋገጫ ሂደቶች ፣ የመሬት ባለቤትነት እና የማህበረሰብ ፈቃድ ጉዳዮች ፣ የተገደቡ የአካባቢ ቴክኒካዊ ክህሎቶች ፣ እና ስለ ግልጽነት እና ረጅም ጊዜ የአካባቢ ንጽህና ማረጋገጥ ያለው ስጋት ናቸው። በአጠቃላይ ፣ የካርቦን ክሬዲት አዝማሚያ በኢትዮጵያ በጸንቶ መስፋፋት እና እየጨመረ ያለ ዓለም አቀፍ ጠቀሜታ ያሳያል ፣ የአየር ንብረት ፋይናንስን ለማሰባሰብ ፣ የገጠር ኑሮን ለመደገፍ እና ለተቀጣጣይ እድገት አስተዋፅዖ ለማድረግ ከፍተኛ አቅም ካለው ፣ አስተዳደር ፣ አቅም እና የጥራት ደረጃዎች ከቀጠሉ ነው።", or: "Fedhiin addunyaa kirediitii kaarbonii Itoophiyaa irratti waggaa dhiyoo kana keessatti guddateera, sababni isaas fedhii guutamaa, dhiigaa fi uumama irratti hundaa'e kirediitii kaarbonii addunyaa irratti guddateera, gaariidhaan Europe, Kaaba Ameerikaa, fi Dawladdota Gulf irraa. Kirediitii Itoophiyaa baay'ee dhaabbataa ta'uu kan qabu sababa gahaa oomishaa xiqqaa ta'eef, erga gahaa gahaa irratti hundaa'uun, bifa sirnaan hojjechuun, akkasumas qilleensa balleessuuf yaalii jiran irratti hundaawuun bifa sirnaan hojjechuudhaan qilleensaa laafisuu fi dhaabbilee sochii qilleensaa irratti xiyyeeffannoo godhatan. Haa ta'u malee, rakkoon kun itti fufa, kanneen akka mijeessii fi mijeessii cimaa, dhimma lafa fi aadaa hawaasa, beekumsa teeknikaalaa biyya alaa xiqqaa, fi yaaddoo mirkaneessii fi qulqullina giddu-galeessa dheeraa eeguu irratti. Waliigalaatti, kirediitii kaarbonii Itoophiyaa keessatti fooyya'insi sirnaan jiru fi guddina addunyaa irratti guddateera, dandeettii guddaa qaba maallaqa qilleensaa sochoosuu, jireenya baadiyyaa gargaaruu, fi guddina itti fufaa ta'ee ta'uu danda'u yoo tajaajila, dandeettii, fi safaraa gaarii itti fufan.", ti: "ናይ ዓለም ተገዳስነት ኣብ ክሬዲት ካርቦን ኢትዮጵያ ኣብ ዝሓለፉ ዓመታት ዓቢ ኮይኑ ኣሎ፣ ምኽንያቱ ናይ ዓለም ሕቶ ንላዕሊ ጥራት፡ ኣብ ተፈጥሯ ዝተመስረተ ክሬዲት ብማዕበል ምስ ዝወሰኸ፡ ብፍላይ ካብ ኣውሮጳ፡ ሰሜን ኣሜሪካን ከምኡውን ካብ ኣገራት ከልፍ ወተሃደርን። ክሬዲት ኢትዮጵያ ብዙሕ ግዜ ተወዳዳርነት ይህብ እዩ፣ ምኽንያቱ ንፋሕ ዝበለ ዝቑለ ወጻኢታት ምህርቲ፣ ይኹን እምበር ዋጋታት ብጥራት፡ ብስፍሓት መለክዒታት ኣረጋግጽን ብተወሳኺ ብጠቕላላ ጥቅምታት ከም ምዕቃብ ብዓይነት ህይወትን ምህዳም ማሕበረሰብን ይፈላለ እዩ። ካብዚ ንጹፍ ኣዝማሚድ እዚ ብዘይካ፡ ኣጸጋሚ ረቂቕ ስርዓታት ምፍቃድን ምርግጋጽን፡ ናይ መሬት ባልዓንነትን ፍቓድ ማሕበረሰብን ጉዳያት፡ ውሱን ናይ ኣካባቢ ናይ ሞያ ክእለትን፡ ከምኡውን ስጋት ብዛዕባ ግልጽነትን ናይ ዝወደቐ ግዜ ንጽህና ኣካባቢን ምርግጋጽን ይቕጽል ኣሎ። ብሓፈሻ፡ ኣዝማሚድ ክሬዲት ካርቦን ኣብ ኢትዮጵያ ብምሉእ ምዕባለን ዝወሰኸ ዓለማዊ ጠቓሚነትን የርኢ ኣሎ፡ ምስቲ ዓቢ ክእለት ንፋይናንስ ኵነታት ኣየር ንምንቅስቓስ፡ ንናይ ገጠር ኅይወት ንምድጋፍን ንዘለኣለማዊ ምህዳም ንምብጻሕን፣ እንተኾነ ግዜ ንፋይናንስ ኵነታት ኣየር ንምንቅስቓስ፡ ንናይ ገጠር ኅይወት ንምድጋፍን ንዘለኣለማዊ ምህዳም ንምብጻሕን እዩ።", so: "Danaha caalamiga ah ee kireditka kaarbaanka ee Itoobiya waxay kor u kacay sanadihii ugu dambeeyay iyadoo dalabka caalamiga ah ee kirediyada tayo sare leh, kuwaasoo ku salaysan dabiicada, ay sii kordheen, gaar ahaan Yurub, Waqooyi Ameerika, iyo Dawladada Khaanjada. Kirediyada Itoobiya waxay badanaa tartan ku yihiin sababtoo ah qiimaha wax soo saarka hooseeya, in kastoo qiimaha ay kala duwan yihiin ku xiran tayada, heerarka xaqiijinta, iyo faa'iidooyinka wadaaga sida ilaalinta kala duwanaanta noolaha iyo horumarin bulshada. Inkasta oo jirto koritaankan wanaagsan, cabsi ayaa weli jira, oo ay ku jiraan hababka aqoonsiga iyo xaqiijinta ee adag, arrimaha dhulk iyo ogolaanshaha bulshada, khibradda farsamo ee maxalliga ah ee xadidan, iyo walaac ka dhanka ah bixinada caddaynta iyo daahfornimo degan ee deegaanka. Guud ahaan, kacsiga kireditka kaarbaanka ee Itoobiya wuxuu muujinayaa ballaarin joogto ah iyo koritaan caalami ah, iyadoo leh awood muhiim ah oo loogu talagalay dhaqaaleha cimilada soo kicinta, taageerada nolosha reer miyiga, iyo ka qaybgalka horumar waara haddii maamulka, awoodda, iyo heerarka tayada ay sii wadaan inay horumaraan.", af: "Carbooni crediit Itoobiyat kee tamaatah tet yan weeqoh kee tamaatah baxxiyyii amoytam qaduwwi kee tamaatah baxxiyyii amoh cafimmah yan num tet kedo yan cafimmah yan num tekkek. Tet Itoobiyat ceelalit kee baxxiyyii tamaatah tet yan weeqoh kee yan qaduwwi caalam kee tamaatah baxxiyyii amoytam qaduwwi kee tamaatah baxxiyyii amoh cafimmah yan num tet kedo yan cafimmah yan num tekkek. Itoobiyat kee carbooni crediit bennaw tekkek baddiyyah tamaatah tet inkiih yan macaboyya tamaatah baxxiyyii amoytam qaduwwi kee tamaatah baxxiyyii amoytam qaduwwi kee tamaatah baxxiyyii amoh cafimmah yan num tet kedo yan cafimmah yan num tekkek." }}, language: { en: "Language", am: "ቋንቋ", or: "Afaan", ti: "ቋንቋ", so: "Luqad", af: "Af" }, // frontMatter: { // heroImage: { // url: { // en: await FileAttachment("weather forecast and carbon credit funding picture@1.png").url(), // am: await FileAttachment("weather forecast and carbon credit funding picture@1.png").url(), // or: await FileAttachment("weather forecast and carbon credit funding picture@1.png").url(), // ti: await FileAttachment("weather forecast and carbon credit funding picture@1.png").url(), // so: await FileAttachment("weather forecast and carbon credit funding picture@1.png").url(), // af: await FileAttachment("weather forecast and carbon credit funding picture@1.png").url() // } // } // } })49:T127e,weatherWidget = function weatherWidget(weatherData, isExpanded = false, onToggle = null, _lang, nbText){ const cardStyle = ` position: relative; width: 100%; max-width: 480px; background: white; border: 1px solid #ddd; border-radius: 8px; padding: 16px; box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); overflow-y: auto;`; if (!weatherData) { return html`

Weather Forecast

Select a Woreda to view forecast

`; } if (weatherData.error) { return html`

Error

${weatherData.error}

`; } const { location, forecast, current, mode } = weatherData; const items = Array.isArray(forecast) ? [...forecast].sort((a, b) => { const ak = a.sortKey ?? new Date(a.date).getTime(); const bk = b.sortKey ?? new Date(b.date).getTime(); return ak - bk; }) : []; const fmt1 = (v, unit) => v != null ? `${typeof v === 'number' ? v.toFixed(1) : v}${unit}` : '—'; const fmtInt = (v, unit) => v != null ? `${Math.round(v)}${unit}` : '—'; const extraRows = (day) => html`

${day.relativeHumidity != null ? html`💧 ${Math.round(day.relativeHumidity)}% humidity` : ''} ${day.cloudCover != null ? html`☁️ ${Math.round(day.cloudCover)}% cloud cover` : ''} ${day.rainSum != null ? html`🌧 ${day.rainSum.toFixed(1)}mm rain` : ''} ${day.et0 != null ? html`🌱 ET₀ ${day.et0.toFixed(1)}mm` : ''} ${day.soilTemperature != null ? html`🌡 soil ${day.soilTemperature.toFixed(1)}°C` : ''} ${day.soilMoisture != null ? html`🫧 ${(day.soilMoisture * 100).toFixed(0)}% soil moist.` : ''}

`; const currentPanel = (mode === "forecast" && current) ? html`

⚡ Current Conditions

🌡 Temp: ${fmtInt(current.temperature_2m, '°C')} 💧 Humidity: ${fmtInt(current.relative_humidity_2m, '%')} 🌧 Precip: ${fmt1(current.precipitation, 'mm')} 🌂 Rain: ${fmt1(current.rain, 'mm')} ☁️ Cloud: ${fmtInt(current.cloud_cover, '%')}

` : ''; return html`

${modeTitle}

${location.woreda} ${location.admin1 ? html` · ${location.admin1}` : ''} ${location.admin0 ? html` · ${location.admin0}` : ''}

${currentPanel} ${isExpanded ? html`

${items.map(day => html`

${day.dateFormatted}

${day.weatherIcon}

${fmtInt(day.tempAvg, '°C')}

${fmtInt(day.tempMin,'°C')} / ${fmtInt(day.tempMax,'°C')}

${day.precipitation != null ? `${day.precipitation.toFixed(1)}mm precip` : 'No precip data'}

${extraRows(day)}

`)}

` : html`

${items[0]?.weatherIcon || '☀️'}

${fmtInt(items[0]?.tempAvg, '°C')}

${fmtInt(items[0]?.tempMin,'°C')} / ${fmtInt(items[0]?.tempMax,'°C')}

${items[0] ? extraRows(items[0]) : ''}

`; } 4a:T6de,processSeasonalResponse = (raw) => { if (!raw || !raw.daily || !raw.daily.time) return []; const daily = raw.daily; const hourly = raw.hourly || {}; const soilByDate = {}; if (hourly.time && hourly.soil_temperature_0_to_7cm) { for (let i = 0; i < hourly.time.length; i++) { const dateKey = hourly.time[i].split("T")[0]; if (!soilByDate[dateKey]) soilByDate[dateKey] = { soilTemps: [], soilMoistures: [] }; const st = hourly.soil_temperature_0_to_7cm[i]; const sm = hourly.soil_moisture_0_to_7cm?.[i]; if (st != null) soilByDate[dateKey].soilTemps.push(st); if (sm != null) soilByDate[dateKey].soilMoistures.push(sm); } } const mean = arr => arr.length ? arr.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) / arr.length : null; return daily.time.map((date, i) => { const soil = soilByDate[date] || { soilTemps: [], soilMoistures: [] }; const tmin = daily.temperature_2m_min?.[i] ?? null; const tmax = daily.temperature_2m_max?.[i] ?? null; const tavg = daily.temperature_2m_mean?.[i] ?? (tmin != null && tmax != null ? (tmin + tmax) / 2 : null); return { date, dateFormatted: new Date(date).toLocaleDateString("en-US", { weekday: "short", month: "short", day: "numeric" }), tempMin: tmin, tempMax: tmax, tempAvg: tavg, precipitation: daily.precipitation_sum?.[i] ?? null, rainSum: daily.rain_sum?.[i] ?? null, cloudCover: daily.cloud_cover_mean?.[i] ?? null, relativeHumidity: daily.relative_humidity_2m_mean?.[i] ?? null, et0: daily.et0_fao_evapotranspiration_sum?.[i] ?? null, soilTemperature: mean(soil.soilTemps), soilMoisture: mean(soil.soilMoistures), weathercode: null, weatherIcon: "🌿" }; }); } 4b:T564,processDailyToForecast = (daily) => { if (!daily || !daily.time) return []; const len = daily.time.length; const hasCode = Array.isArray(daily.weathercode); const out = []; for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) { const date = daily.time[i]; const tmax = daily.temperature_2m_max?.[i] ?? null; const tmin = daily.temperature_2m_min?.[i] ?? null; const tavg = daily.temperature_2m_mean?.[i] ?? (tmin != null && tmax != null ? (tmin + tmax) / 2 : null); const precip = daily.precipitation_sum?.[i] ?? null; const code = hasCode ? daily.weathercode[i] : null; const icon = code == null ? "☀️" : getWeatherIcon(code); out.push({ date, dateFormatted: new Date(date).toLocaleDateString("en-US", { weekday: "short", month: "short", day: "numeric" }), tempMin: tmin, tempMax: tmax, tempAvg: tavg, precipitation: precip, rainSum: daily.rain_sum?.[i] ?? null, cloudCover: daily.cloud_cover_mean?.[i] ?? null, relativeHumidity: daily.relative_humidity_2m_mean?.[i] ?? null, et0: daily.et0_fao_evapotranspiration_sum?.[i] ?? null, soilMoisture: daily.soil_moisture_7_to_28cm_mean?.[i] ?? daily.soil_moisture_0_to_10cm_mean?.[i] ?? null, soilTemperature: daily.soil_temperature_7_to_28cm_mean?.[i] ?? null, weathercode: code, weatherIcon: icon }); } return out; } 4c:Td48,processHourlyToDaily = (hourlyData, dailyOverride = null) => { if (!hourlyData || !hourlyData.hourly) return []; const h = hourlyData.hourly; const { time, temperature_2m, precipitation, weathercode, rain, evapotranspiration, soil_temperature_18cm, soil_moisture_3_9cm, relative_humidity_2m, cloud_cover, soil_temperature_0_to_7cm, soil_moisture_0_to_7cm } = h; const hasPrecip = Array.isArray(precipitation); const hasCode = Array.isArray(weathercode); const mean = arr => arr.length ? arr.reduce((a,b) => a+b, 0) / arr.length : null; const daily = {}; for (let i = 0; i < time.length; i++) { const dateKey = time[i].split("T")[0]; if (!daily[dateKey]) { daily[dateKey] = { date: dateKey, temps: [], precip: [], codes: [], rain: [], et0: [], soilTemp: [], soilMoisture: [], humidity: [], cloudCover: [] }; } const d = daily[dateKey]; if (temperature_2m?.[i] != null) d.temps.push(temperature_2m[i]); if (hasPrecip) d.precip.push(precipitation[i] ?? 0); if (hasCode && weathercode[i] != null) d.codes.push(weathercode[i]); if (rain?.[i] != null) d.rain.push(rain[i]); if (evapotranspiration?.[i] != null) d.et0.push(evapotranspiration[i]); const st = soil_temperature_18cm?.[i] ?? soil_temperature_0_to_7cm?.[i]; const sm = soil_moisture_3_9cm?.[i] ?? soil_moisture_0_to_7cm?.[i]; if (st != null) d.soilTemp.push(st); if (sm != null) d.soilMoisture.push(sm); if (relative_humidity_2m?.[i] != null) d.humidity.push(relative_humidity_2m[i]); if (cloud_cover?.[i] != null) d.cloudCover.push(cloud_cover[i]); } const dailyLookup = {}; if (dailyOverride?.time) { dailyOverride.time.forEach((dt, i) => { dailyLookup[dt] = { cloudCover: dailyOverride.cloud_cover_mean?.[i] ?? null, relativeHumidity: dailyOverride.relative_humidity_2m_mean?.[i] ?? null, et0: dailyOverride.et0_fao_evapotranspiration_sum?.[i] ?? null, precipitation: dailyOverride.precipitation_sum?.[i] ?? null, rainSum: dailyOverride.rain_sum?.[i] ?? null, tempMean: dailyOverride.temperature_2m_mean?.[i] ?? null }; }); } const out = Object.values(daily).map(day => { const temps = day.temps; const code = day.codes.length > 0 ? getMostCommonWeathercode(day.codes) : 0; const dl = dailyLookup[day.date] || {}; return { date: day.date, dateFormatted: new Date(day.date).toLocaleDateString("en-US", { weekday: "short", month: "short", day: "numeric" }), tempMin: temps.length ? Math.min(...temps) : null, tempMax: temps.length ? Math.max(...temps) : null, tempAvg: dl.tempMean ?? (temps.length ? mean(temps) : null), precipitation: dl.precipitation ?? (hasPrecip && day.precip.length ? day.precip.reduce((a,b)=>a+b,0) : null), rainSum: dl.rainSum ?? (day.rain.length ? day.rain.reduce((a,b)=>a+b,0) : null), cloudCover: dl.cloudCover ?? mean(day.cloudCover), relativeHumidity: dl.relativeHumidity ?? mean(day.humidity), et0: dl.et0 ?? (day.et0.length ? day.et0.reduce((a,b)=>a+b,0) : null), soilTemperature: mean(day.soilTemp), soilMoisture: mean(day.soilMoisture), weathercode: code, weatherIcon: getWeatherIcon(code) }; }); return out; } 4d:Tf33,aggregateForecast = (forecast, resolution = "day") => { if (!Array.isArray(forecast) || forecast.length === 0) return []; if (resolution === "day" || resolution === "daily") return forecast; const seasonMap = (m) => { if (m === 11 || m === 0 || m === 1) return "DJF"; if (m >= 2 && m <= 4) return "MAM"; if (m >= 5 && m <= 7) return "JJA"; return "SON"; }; const seasonIndex = { DJF: 0, MAM: 1, JJA: 2, SON: 3 }; const isoWeek = (dt) => { const d = new Date(Date.UTC(dt.getUTCFullYear(), dt.getUTCMonth(), dt.getUTCDate())); const day = d.getUTCDay() || 7; d.setUTCDate(d.getUTCDate() + 4 - day); const yearStart = new Date(Date.UTC(d.getUTCFullYear(), 0, 1)); return { week: Math.ceil((((d - yearStart) / 86400000) + 1) / 7), year: d.getUTCFullYear() }; }; const buckets = new Map(); for (const d of forecast) { const dt = new Date(d.date); const year = dt.getUTCFullYear(); const month = dt.getUTCMonth(); let key, label, sortKey, dateISO; if (resolution === "weekly" || resolution === "week") { const { week, year: wy } = isoWeek(dt); key = `${wy}-W${String(week).padStart(2,"0")}`; label = `${wy} W${week}`; sortKey = wy * 100 + week; dateISO = d.date; } else if (resolution === "monthly" || resolution === "month") { key = `${year}-${month + 1}`; label = dt.toLocaleDateString("en-US", { year: "numeric", month: "short" }); sortKey = year * 12 + month; dateISO = `${year}-${String(month + 1).padStart(2, "0")}-01`; } else if (resolution === "season") { const season = seasonMap(month); const seasonYear = month === 11 ? year + 1 : year; key = `${seasonYear}-${season}`; label = `${seasonYear} ${season}`; sortKey = seasonYear * 10 + (seasonIndex[season] || 0); const startMonth = season === "DJF" ? 12 : season === "MAM" ? 3 : season === "JJA" ? 6 : 9; dateISO = `${season === "DJF" ? seasonYear - 1 : seasonYear}-${String(startMonth).padStart(2, "0")}-01`; } else if (resolution === "year") { key = `${year}`; label = `${year}`; sortKey = year; dateISO = `${year}-01-01`; } else { key = d.date; label = d.dateFormatted; sortKey = dt.getTime(); dateISO = d.date; } if (!buckets.has(key)) { buckets.set(key, { key, label, sortKey, date: dateISO, temps: [], mins: [], maxs: [], precip: 0, rain: 0, et0: 0, cloudCover: [], humidity: [], soilTemps: [], soilMoistures: [] }); } const b = buckets.get(key); if (d.tempAvg != null) b.temps.push(d.tempAvg); if (d.tempMin != null) b.mins.push(d.tempMin); if (d.tempMax != null) b.maxs.push(d.tempMax); b.precip += d.precipitation ?? 0; b.rain += d.rainSum ?? 0; b.et0 += d.et0 ?? 0; if (d.cloudCover != null) b.cloudCover.push(d.cloudCover); if (d.relativeHumidity != null) b.humidity.push(d.relativeHumidity); if (d.soilTemperature != null) b.soilTemps.push(d.soilTemperature); if (d.soilMoisture != null) b.soilMoistures.push(d.soilMoisture); } const mean = arr => arr.length ? arr.reduce((a,c)=>a+c,0)/arr.length : null; const aggregated = Array.from(buckets.values()).map(b => ({ date: b.date, dateFormatted: b.label, tempMin: b.mins.length ? Math.min(...b.mins) : null, tempMax: b.maxs.length ? Math.max(...b.maxs) : null, tempAvg: mean(b.temps), precipitation: b.precip, rainSum: b.rain, et0: b.et0, cloudCover: mean(b.cloudCover), relativeHumidity: mean(b.humidity), soilTemperature: mean(b.soilTemps), soilMoisture: mean(b.soilMoistures), weathercode: null, weatherIcon: "📈", sortKey: b.sortKey, })); return aggregated.sort((a,b) => (b.sortKey ?? 0) - (a.sortKey ?? 0)); } 4e:T7c1,weatherData = { if (!selectedWoreda) return null; const coords = getWoredaCoordinates(selectedWoreda, woredaCentroids); if (!coords) return { error: "Coordinates not found for selected woreda" }; const location = { woreda: selectedWoreda, admin1: coords.admin1_name, admin0: coords.admin0_name, lat: coords.lat, lon: coords.lon }; if (weatherMode === "historical") { if (!historicalStartISO || !historicalEndISO) return { error: "Select start and end dates" }; if (historicalStartISO > historicalEndISO) return { error: "Start date must be before end date" }; const raw = await fetchHistoricalWeather(coords.lat, coords.lon, historicalStartISO, historicalEndISO); return { location, forecast: processDailyToForecast(raw.daily), mode: "historical", raw }; } if (weatherMode === "climate") { if (!climateStartISO || !climateEndISO) return { error: "Select start and end dates" }; if (climateStartISO > climateEndISO) return { error: "Start date must be before end date" }; const raw = await fetchClimateProjections(coords.lat, coords.lon, climateStartISO, climateEndISO, climateModel || null); const daily = processDailyToForecast(raw.daily); const aggregated = aggregateForecast(daily, climateResolution || "day"); return { location, forecast: aggregated, mode: "climate", raw }; } if (weatherMode === "seasonal") { const raw = await fetchSeasonalForecast(coords.lat, coords.lon, seasonalForecastDays || 92, seasonalPastDays || 0); const daily = processSeasonalResponse(raw); const aggregated = aggregateForecast(daily, seasonalResolution || "daily"); return { location, forecast: aggregated, mode: "seasonal", raw }; } // Default: forecast mode const raw = await fetchWeatherForecast(coords.lat, coords.lon, forecastDays || 7, pastDays || 0); const daily = processHourlyToDaily(raw, raw.daily || null); return { location, forecast: daily, current: raw.current || null, mode: "forecast", raw }; } 4f:T1749,/** * Evaluates thresholds and sends alerts to the backend API * * @param {Object} options - Configuration options * @param {Object} options.metrics - Current metric values (e.g., { temperature: 25, humidity: 60 }) * @param {Array} options.rules - Array of threshold rules to evaluate * @param {string} options.notifyUrl - Backend API endpoint URL (e.g., "http://196.188.97.23:4000/alerts") * @param {string} options.source - Source identifier (default: "notebook") * @param {boolean} options.notify - Whether to send notifications (default: true) * @param {Function} options.buildPayload - Optional function to customize payload * @param {boolean} options.promptToken - Whether to prompt for one-time alert token (default: true) * @returns {Promise

${notebookTitle}