28:null 29:["$","title",null,{"children":"Women in space 👩🏼‍🚀 | João Ricardo Mendes | Observable"}] 2e:T96f,html`

Women in space 👩🏼‍🚀

For Women's History Month DataViz Contest I wanted to create a chart that provides small insights into the history of women that travelled to space. This chart shows the 65 women with completed spaceflights. As a comparison, there are around 500 men that travelled to space until now, but this chart is not about a comparison between women and men. It's about looking at these 65 women spacefarers and admiring their amazing accomplishments.

Valentina Tereshkova is the first woman in space, only two years after the first flight into space by cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin in 1961. She is also the youngest woman in space, at only 26 years old. It's interesting that 19 years separated the first and second woman in space. And even though the first two women in space were Russian, there were only four women of Russian nationality to fly in space until today.

Most women have ages between 30 and 45 on their first mission into space. Barbara Morgan, a teacher and an astronaut, travelled for the first time in space as a participant in the Teacher in Space program, when she was 55 years old.

Most of the women (${countryStats["United States"]}) come from the United States. 4 women come from the Soviet Union/Russia. There have been 2 women each from China, Canada and Japan. There have been one woman of each of the following nationalities: British, French, Italian, Iranian and South Korean.

In the chart there is one filled circle corresponding to each spacefarer and each circle around it represents one space mission. A woman that flew in 2 space missions will have 2 circle outlines around the filled circle:

`2f:Tb11,svg = { const chart = d3 .create("svg") .attr("class", "star-background") .attr("width", width) .attr("height", height); chart.append(() => styles); const axisTime = d3 .axisBottom() .scale(scaleTime) .ticks(width > 500 ? 10 : 5) .tickFormat(d3.timeFormat("%Y")) .tickSize(5) .tickPadding(8); chart .append("g") .attr("class", "axis") .attr("transform", `translate(0, ${height - margin})`) .call(axisTime); chart .append("text") .attr("x", width / 2 - 100) .attr("y", height - 10) .text("Year of the first space flight") .style("opacity", 0.8) .style("font-size", "12px"); const axisAge = d3 .axisLeft() .scale(scaleAge) .ticks(10) .tickSize(5) .tickPadding(8); chart .append("g") .attr("class", "axis") .attr("transform", "translate(" + margin + ", 0)") .call(axisAge); chart .append("text") .attr("x", 0) .attr("y", 0) .attr("transform", `translate(20,${height / 2 + 100}) rotate(270)`) .text("Age on the first space flight") .style("opacity", 0.8) .style("font-size", "12px"); chart.append("g").attr("class", "guideline-group"); const entry = chart.selectAll(null).data(list).join("g"); entry .append("circle") .attr("cx", (d) => scaleTime(d.missions[0])) .attr("cy", (d) => scaleAge(d.ageFirstMission)) .attr("r", 2) .style("fill", (d) => getColor(d)) .style("stroke", "none"); entry .selectAll(null) .data((d) => d.missions) .join("circle") .attr("cx", function (d) { return scaleTime(d3.select(this.parentNode).datum().missions[0]); }) .attr("cy", function (d) { return scaleAge(d3.select(this.parentNode).datum().ageFirstMission); }) .attr("r", (d, i) => 4 + i * 4) .style("stroke", function (d) { return getColor(d3.select(this.parentNode).datum()); }) .style("stroke-width", 0.5) .style("fill", "none"); const tooltip = chart.append("g"); tooltip.on("click", (event) => { event.stopPropagation(); }); let lastPoint = null; chart.on("click", function (event) { const point = quadtree.find(...d3.mouse(this)); if (lastPoint !== point) { if (lastPoint) entry .filter((e) => e === lastPoint) .select("circle") .attr("r", 2); removeGuidelines(chart); entry .filter((e) => e === point) .select("circle") .attr("r", 6); tooltip .select("#name") .text(`${point.name} - ${point.countries.join(", ")}`); tooltip.select("#description").html(getDescription(point)); addGuideline("horizontal", point); addGuideline("vertical", point); } lastPoint = point; }); createTooltip(tooltip); return chart.node(); }30:T996d,parsedData = [ { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/RIAN_archive_612748_Valentina_Tereshkova.jpg/80px-RIAN_archive_612748_Valentina_Tereshkova.jpg", "alt": "RIAN archive 612748 Valentina Tereshkova.jpg" }, "name": "Valentina Tereshkova", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentina_Tereshkova", "birth_date": "1937-03-06T00:00:00", "countries": [ "Soviet Union" ], "comment": "First and youngest woman in space (aged 26). Only woman to make a solo spaceflight.", "missions": [ "1963-06-16T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpeg/80px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F.jpeg", "alt": "\u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0446\u043a\u0430\u044f.jpeg" }, "name": "Svetlana Savitskaya", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetlana_Savitskaya", "birth_date": "1948-08-08T00:00:00", "countries": [ "Soviet Union" ], "comment": "First woman to fly on a space station (Salyut 7, 1982). First woman to perform a spacewalk (July 25, 1984). First woman to make two spaceflights.", "missions": [ "1982-07-19T00:00:00", "1984-07-17T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Sally_Ride_%281984%29.jpg/80px-Sally_Ride_%281984%29.jpg", "alt": "Sally Ride (1984).jpg" }, "name": "Sally Ride", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Ride", "birth_date": "1951-05-26T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "First American woman in space.\n", "missions": [ "1983-06-18T00:00:00", "1984-10-05T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Judith_A._Resnik%2C_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/80px-Judith_A._Resnik%2C_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg", "alt": "Judith A. Resnik, official portrait (cropped).jpg" }, "name": "Judith Resnik", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Resnik", "birth_date": "1949-04-05T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "Fourth woman in space, second American woman in space. Died in the Challenger disaster.\n", "missions": [ "1984-08-30T00:00:00", "1986-01-28T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Kathryn_D._Sullivan.jpg/80px-Kathryn_D._Sullivan.jpg", "alt": "Kathryn D. Sullivan.jpg" }, "name": "Kathryn D. Sullivan", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathryn_D._Sullivan", "birth_date": "1951-10-03T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "Second woman to perform a spacewalk and the first American to do so (Oct. 11, 1984).\n", "missions": [ "1984-10-05T00:00:00", "1990-04-24T00:00:00", "1992-03-24T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Fisher-a.jpg/80px-Fisher-a.jpg", "alt": "Fisher-a.jpg" }, "name": "Anna Lee Fisher", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Lee_Fisher", "birth_date": "1949-08-24T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "First mother in space.\n", "missions": [ "1984-11-08T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/MRSeddon.jpg/80px-MRSeddon.jpg", "alt": "MRSeddon.jpg" }, "name": "Margaret Rhea Seddon", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Rhea_Seddon", "birth_date": "1947-11-08T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "A physician and a NASA astronaut, she flew on three Space Shuttle flights: as mission specialist for STS-51-D and STS-40, and as payload commander for STS-58.\n", "missions": [ "1985-04-12T00:00:00", "1991-06-05T00:00:00", "1993-10-18T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/ShannonLucid.jpeg/80px-ShannonLucid.jpeg", "alt": "ShannonLucid.jpeg" }, "name": "Shannon Lucid", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_Lucid", "birth_date": "1943-01-14T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "First American woman to fly on a space station (Mir, 1996). First woman to make a third, a fourth and a fifth spaceflight.\n", "missions": [ "1985-06-17T00:00:00", "1989-10-18T00:00:00", "1991-08-02T00:00:00", "1993-10-18T00:00:00", "1996-03-22T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Bonnie_J._Dunbar.jpg/80px-Bonnie_J._Dunbar.jpg", "alt": "Bonnie J. Dunbar.jpg" }, "name": "Bonnie J. Dunbar", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnie_J._Dunbar", "birth_date": "1949-03-03T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "An American engineer and NASA astronaut. She flew on five Space Shuttle missions between 1985 and 1998.\n", "missions": [ "1985-10-30T00:00:00", "1990-01-09T00:00:00", "1992-06-25T00:00:00", "1995-06-27T00:00:00", "1998-01-22T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mary_Cleave.jpg/80px-Mary_Cleave.jpg", "alt": "Mary Cleave.jpg" }, "name": "Mary L. Cleave", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_L._Cleave", "birth_date": "1947-02-05T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "An American engineer and a former NASA astronaut. She also served from 2004 to 2007 as NASA Associate Administrator for the Science Mission Directorate.\n", "missions": [ "1985-11-26T00:00:00", "1989-05-04T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ellen_Louise_Shulman_Baker.jpg/80px-Ellen_Louise_Shulman_Baker.jpg", "alt": "Ellen Louise Shulman Baker.jpg" }, "name": "Ellen S. Baker", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_S._Baker", "birth_date": "1953-04-27T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "\n", "missions": [ "1989-10-18T00:00:00", "1992-06-25T00:00:00", "1995-06-27T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/KathrynThornton.jpg/80px-KathrynThornton.jpg", "alt": "KathrynThornton.jpg" }, "name": "Kathryn C. Thornton", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathryn_C._Thornton", "birth_date": "1952-08-17T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "Third woman to walk in space. First woman to make multiple EVAs (May 14\u201315, 1992, Dec. 6, 1993, Dec. 8, 1993)\n", "missions": [ "1989-11-22T00:00:00", "1992-05-07T00:00:00", "1993-12-02T00:00:00", "1995-10-20T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Marsha_Ivins.jpg/80px-Marsha_Ivins.jpg", "alt": "Marsha Ivins.jpg" }, "name": "Marsha Ivins", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsha_Ivins", "birth_date": "1951-04-15T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "\n", "missions": [ "1990-01-09T00:00:00", "1992-07-31T00:00:00", "1994-03-04T00:00:00", "1997-01-12T00:00:00", "2001-02-07T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Linda_Godwin.jpg/80px-Linda_Godwin.jpg", "alt": "Linda Godwin.jpg" }, "name": "Linda M. Godwin", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_M._Godwin", "birth_date": "1952-07-02T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "Fourth woman to walk in space (March 27, 1996, Dec. 10, 2001)\n", "missions": [ "1991-04-05T00:00:00", "1994-04-09T00:00:00", "1996-03-22T00:00:00", "2001-12-05T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Dr._Helen_Sharman.jpg/80px-Dr._Helen_Sharman.jpg", "alt": "Dr. Helen Sharman.jpg" }, "name": "Helen Sharman", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen_Sharman", "birth_date": "1963-05-30T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "comment": "First British citizen in space. Second woman to fly on a space station (Mir, 1991).\n", "missions": [ "1991-05-18T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Tamara_E._Jernigan.jpg/80px-Tamara_E._Jernigan.jpg", "alt": "Tamara E. Jernigan.jpg" }, "name": "Tamara E. Jernigan", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamara_E._Jernigan", "birth_date": "1959-05-07T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "Fifth woman to walk in space (May 30, 1999).\n", "missions": [ "1991-06-05T00:00:00", "1992-10-22T00:00:00", "1995-03-02T00:00:00", "1996-11-19T00:00:00", "1999-05-27T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Millie_Hughes-Fulford.jpg/80px-Millie_Hughes-Fulford.jpg", "alt": "Millie Hughes-Fulford.jpg" }, "name": "Millie Hughes-Fulford", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millie_Hughes-Fulford", "birth_date": "1945-12-21T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "First female payload specialist.\n", "missions": [ "1991-06-05T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Roberta_Bondar.jpg/80px-Roberta_Bondar.jpg", "alt": "Roberta Bondar.jpg" }, "name": "Roberta Bondar", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberta_Bondar", "birth_date": "1945-12-04T00:00:00", "countries": [ "Canada" ], "comment": "First Canadian woman in space. First Ukrainian Canadian woman in space.\n", "missions": [ "1992-01-22T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Jan_Davis.jpg/80px-Jan_Davis.jpg", "alt": "Jan Davis.jpg" }, "name": "Jan Davis", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Davis", "birth_date": "1953-11-01T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "Went to space with her husband, Mark C. Lee in 1992. They were the first married couple to go to space together.\n", "missions": [ "1992-09-12T00:00:00", "1994-02-03T00:00:00", "1997-08-07T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Mae_Carol_Jemison.jpg/80px-Mae_Carol_Jemison.jpg", "alt": "Mae Carol Jemison.jpg" }, "name": "Mae Jemison", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mae_Jemison", "birth_date": "1956-10-17T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "First African-American woman in space.\n", "missions": [ "1992-09-12T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/SJHelms.jpg/80px-SJHelms.jpg", "alt": "SJHelms.jpg" }, "name": "Susan J. Helms", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Helms", "birth_date": "1958-02-26T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "The sixth woman to walk in space (March 11, 2001). The longest duration EVA by a woman (8h 56m).\n", "missions": [ "1993-01-13T00:00:00", "1994-09-09T00:00:00", "1996-06-20T00:00:00", "2000-05-19T00:00:00", "2001-03-08T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ellen_Ochoa.jpg/80px-Ellen_Ochoa.jpg", "alt": "Ellen Ochoa.jpg" }, "name": "Ellen Ochoa", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_Ochoa", "birth_date": "1958-05-10T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "First Hispanic woman in space.\n", "missions": [ "1993-04-08T00:00:00", "1994-11-03T00:00:00", "1999-05-27T00:00:00", "2002-04-08T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Janice_Voss.jpg/80px-Janice_Voss.jpg", "alt": "Janice Voss.jpg" }, "name": "Janice E. Voss", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janice_E._Voss", "birth_date": "1956-10-08T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "\n", "missions": [ "1993-06-21T00:00:00", "1995-02-03T00:00:00", "1997-04-04T00:00:00", "1997-07-01T00:00:00", "2000-02-11T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Nancy_Currie.jpg/80px-Nancy_Currie.jpg", "alt": "Nancy Currie.jpg" }, "name": "Nancy J. Currie", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_J._Currie-Gregg", "birth_date": "1958-12-29T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "\n", "missions": [ "1993-06-21T00:00:00", "1995-07-13T00:00:00", "1998-12-04T00:00:00", "2002-03-01T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Chiaki_Mukai.jpg/80px-Chiaki_Mukai.jpg", "alt": "Chiaki Mukai.jpg" }, "name": "Chiaki Mukai", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiaki_Mukai", "birth_date": "1952-05-06T00:00:00", "countries": [ "Japan" ], "comment": "First Japanese woman in space.\n", "missions": [ "1994-07-08T00:00:00", "1998-10-29T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Yelena_Kondakova.jpg/80px-Yelena_Kondakova.jpg", "alt": "Yelena Kondakova.jpg" }, "name": "Yelena V. Kondakova", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yelena_Kondakova", "birth_date": "1957-03-30T00:00:00", "countries": [ "Russia" ], "comment": "First Russian woman to travel in 2 different spacecraft, Soyuz TM-20 and STS-84 both were on trips to Mir Space Station, and 1st Russian woman to travel on the Space Shuttle.\n", "missions": [ "1994-10-03T00:00:00", "1997-05-15T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Commander_Eileen_Collins_-_GPN-2000-001177.jpg/80px-Commander_Eileen_Collins_-_GPN-2000-001177.jpg", "alt": "Commander Eileen Collins - GPN-2000-001177.jpg" }, "name": "Eileen Collins", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eileen_Collins", "birth_date": "1956-11-19T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "First female shuttle pilot and shuttle commander.\n", "missions": [ "1995-02-03T00:00:00", "1997-05-15T00:00:00", "1999-07-23T00:00:00", "2005-07-26T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Wendy_Lawrence_NASA_STS114.jpg/80px-Wendy_Lawrence_NASA_STS114.jpg", "alt": "Wendy Lawrence NASA STS114.jpg" }, "name": "Wendy B. Lawrence", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendy_B._Lawrence", "birth_date": "1959-07-02T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "\n", "missions": [ "1995-03-02T00:00:00", "1997-09-25T00:00:00", "1998-06-02T00:00:00", "2005-07-26T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Mary_Ellen_Weber.jpg/80px-Mary_Ellen_Weber.jpg", "alt": "Mary Ellen Weber.jpg" }, "name": "Mary E. Weber", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Ellen_Weber", "birth_date": "1962-08-24T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "\n", "missions": [ "1995-07-13T00:00:00", "2000-05-19T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Catherine_Coleman_2009.jpg/80px-Catherine_Coleman_2009.jpg", "alt": "Catherine Coleman 2009.jpg" }, "name": "Catherine Coleman", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Coleman", "birth_date": "1960-12-14T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "\n", "missions": [ "1995-10-20T00:00:00", "1999-07-23T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/HaignereClaudie.jpg/80px-HaignereClaudie.jpg", "alt": "HaignereClaudie.jpg" }, "name": "Claudie Haigner\u00e9", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudie_Haigner%C3%A9", "birth_date": "1957-05-13T00:00:00", "countries": [ "France" ], "comment": "First Frenchwoman in space. 1996 flight as Claudie Andr\u00e9-Deshays\n", "missions": [ "1996-08-17T00:00:00", "2001-10-21T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Susan_Still-Kilrain.jpg/80px-Susan_Still-Kilrain.jpg", "alt": "Susan Still-Kilrain.jpg" }, "name": "Susan Still Kilrain", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Kilrain", "birth_date": "1961-10-24T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "Second female shuttle pilot.\n", "missions": [ "1997-04-04T00:00:00", "1997-07-01T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Kalpana_Chawla%2C_NASA_photo_portrait_in_orange_suit.jpg/80px-Kalpana_Chawla%2C_NASA_photo_portrait_in_orange_suit.jpg", "alt": "Kalpana Chawla, NASA photo portrait in orange suit.jpg" }, "name": "Kalpana Chawla", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalpana_Chawla", "birth_date": "1961-07-01T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "First Indian-Origin (naturalized U.S. citizen) woman in space. Died in the Columbia disaster.\n", "missions": [ "1997-11-19T00:00:00", "2003-01-16T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Kathryn_P._Hire.jpg/80px-Kathryn_P._Hire.jpg", "alt": "Kathryn P. Hire.jpg" }, "name": "Kathryn P. Hire", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathryn_P._Hire", "birth_date": "1959-08-26T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "\n", "missions": [ "1998-04-17T00:00:00", "2010-02-08T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/JanetLKavandi-NASA.jpg/80px-JanetLKavandi-NASA.jpg", "alt": "JanetLKavandi-NASA.jpg" }, "name": "Janet L. Kavandi", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_L._Kavandi", "birth_date": "1959-07-17T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "\n", "missions": [ "1998-06-02T00:00:00", "2000-02-11T00:00:00", "2001-07-12T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Julie_Payette_CSA.jpg/80px-Julie_Payette_CSA.jpg", "alt": "Julie Payette CSA.jpg" }, "name": "Julie Payette", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Payette", "birth_date": "1963-10-20T00:00:00", "countries": [ "Canada" ], "comment": "Second Canadian woman in space. First French Canadian woman in space.\n", "missions": [ "1999-05-27T00:00:00", "2009-07-15T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Pamela_Melroy.jpg/80px-Pamela_Melroy.jpg", "alt": "Pamela Melroy.jpg" }, "name": "Pamela Melroy", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamela_Melroy", "birth_date": "1961-09-17T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "Second female shuttle commander.\n", "missions": [ "2000-10-11T00:00:00", "2002-10-07T00:00:00", "2007-10-23T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Peggy_Whitson.jpg/80px-Peggy_Whitson.jpg", "alt": "Peggy Whitson.jpg" }, "name": "Peggy Whitson", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggy_Whitson", "birth_date": "1960-02-09T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "Most time in space (cumulative) for a US astronaut (665 days). Most EVAs (10) and most time spent on EVA (60 hrs 21 min) of all female space travelers. First female ISS commander. Oldest female in space (aged 57).\n", "missions": [ "2002-06-05T00:00:00", "2007-10-10T00:00:00", "2016-11-17T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sandra_Magnus_2011.jpg/80px-Sandra_Magnus_2011.jpg", "alt": "Sandra Magnus 2011.jpg" }, "name": "Sandra Magnus", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_Magnus", "birth_date": "1964-10-30T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "\n", "missions": [ "2002-10-07T00:00:00", "2008-11-14T00:00:00", "2011-07-08T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Laurel_Clark%2C_NASA_photo_portrait_in_blue_suit.jpg/80px-Laurel_Clark%2C_NASA_photo_portrait_in_blue_suit.jpg", "alt": "Laurel Clark, NASA photo portrait in blue suit.jpg" }, "name": "Laurel B. Clark", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel_Clark", "birth_date": "1961-03-10T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "Died in the Columbia disaster.\n", "missions": [ "2003-01-16T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Stephanie_D._Wilson.jpg/80px-Stephanie_D._Wilson.jpg", "alt": "Stephanie D. Wilson.jpg" }, "name": "Stephanie Wilson", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanie_Wilson", "birth_date": "1966-09-27T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "\n", "missions": [ "2006-07-04T00:00:00", "2007-10-23T00:00:00", "2010-04-05T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Lisa_M._Nowak.jpg/80px-Lisa_M._Nowak.jpg", "alt": "Lisa M. Nowak.jpg" }, "name": "Lisa Nowak", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_Nowak", "birth_date": "1963-05-10T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "\n", "missions": [ "2006-07-04T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Heidemarie_Stefanyshyn-Piper_in_white_space_suit.jpg/80px-Heidemarie_Stefanyshyn-Piper_in_white_space_suit.jpg", "alt": "Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper in white space suit.jpg" }, "name": "Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heidemarie_Stefanyshyn-Piper", "birth_date": "1963-02-07T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "Eighth woman to walk in space (Sep. 12, 2006, Sep. 15, 2006, Nov. 18-19, 2008, Nov. 20-21, 2008, Nov. 22-23, 2008). First Ukrainian American woman in space.\n", "missions": [ "2006-09-09T00:00:00", "2008-11-14T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/AnoushehAnsari.jpg/80px-AnoushehAnsari.jpg", "alt": "AnoushehAnsari.jpg" }, "name": "Anousheh Ansari", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anousheh_Ansari", "birth_date": "1966-09-12T00:00:00", "countries": [ "Iran", "United States" ], "comment": "Fourth space tourist and first female space tourist. First Iranian in space.\n", "missions": [ "2006-09-18T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Sunita_Williams.jpg/80px-Sunita_Williams.jpg", "alt": "Sunita Williams.jpg" }, "name": "Sunita Williams", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunita_Williams", "birth_date": "1965-09-19T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "Ninth woman to walk in space (Dec. 16, 2006, Jan. 31, 2007, Feb. 4, 2007, Feb. 8, 2007, Aug. 30, 2012, Sep. 5, 2012).\n", "missions": [ "2006-12-09T00:00:00", "2012-07-15T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Joan_Higginbotham.jpg/80px-Joan_Higginbotham.jpg", "alt": "Joan Higginbotham.jpg" }, "name": "Joan Higginbotham", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Higginbotham", "birth_date": "1964-08-03T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "\n", "missions": [ "2006-12-09T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tracy_E_Caldwell_portrait.jpg/80px-Tracy_E_Caldwell_portrait.jpg", "alt": "Tracy E Caldwell portrait.jpg" }, "name": "Tracy Caldwell Dyson", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracy_Caldwell_Dyson", "birth_date": "1969-08-14T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "Eleventh woman to walk in space (Aug. 7, 2010, Aug. 11, 2010, Aug. 16, 2010). First astronaut born after Apollo 11 flight.\n", "missions": [ "2007-08-08T00:00:00", "2010-04-02T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Barbara_morgan.jpg/80px-Barbara_morgan.jpg", "alt": "Barbara morgan.jpg" }, "name": "Barbara Morgan", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Morgan", "birth_date": "1951-11-28T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "First educator astronaut (Teacher in Space Project). Oldest woman in space by the time of first flight (aged 55).\n", "missions": [ "2007-08-08T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Yi_So-yeon_%28NASA_-_JSC2008-E-004174%29.jpg/80px-Yi_So-yeon_%28NASA_-_JSC2008-E-004174%29.jpg", "alt": "Yi So-yeon (NASA - JSC2008-E-004174).jpg" }, "name": "Yi So-yeon", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_So-yeon", "birth_date": "1978-06-02T00:00:00", "countries": [ "South Korea" ], "comment": "First Korean in space.\n", "missions": [ "2008-04-08T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Karen_nyberg_v2.jpg/80px-Karen_nyberg_v2.jpg", "alt": "Karen nyberg v2.jpg" }, "name": "Karen L. Nyberg", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_Nyberg", "birth_date": "1969-10-07T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "\n", "missions": [ "2008-05-31T00:00:00", "2013-05-28T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Meganmcarthurv2.jpg/80px-Meganmcarthurv2.jpg", "alt": "Meganmcarthurv2.jpg" }, "name": "K. Megan McArthur", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K._Megan_McArthur", "birth_date": "1971-08-30T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "\n", "missions": [ "2009-05-11T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Nicole_Stott_v2.jpg/80px-Nicole_Stott_v2.jpg", "alt": "Nicole Stott v2.jpg" }, "name": "Nicole P. Stott", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole_Stott", "birth_date": "1962-11-11T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "Tenth woman to walk in space (September 1\u20132, 2009).\n", "missions": [ "2009-08-28T00:00:00", "2011-02-24T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Dorothy_Metcalf-Lindenburger_JSC2004-E-40090.jpg/80px-Dorothy_Metcalf-Lindenburger_JSC2004-E-40090.jpg", "alt": "Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger JSC2004-E-40090.jpg" }, "name": "Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Metcalf-Lindenburger", "birth_date": "1975-05-15T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "First Space Camp alumna to become an astronaut.\n", "missions": [ "2010-04-05T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Naoko_Yamazaki.jpg/80px-Naoko_Yamazaki.jpg", "alt": "Naoko Yamazaki.jpg" }, "name": "Naoko Yamazaki", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naoko_Yamazaki", "birth_date": "1970-12-27T00:00:00", "countries": [ "Japan" ], "comment": "\n", "missions": [ "2010-04-05T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/ShannonWalker.jpg/80px-ShannonWalker.jpg", "alt": "ShannonWalker.jpg" }, "name": "Shannon Walker", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon_Walker", "birth_date": "1965-06-04T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "First Native Houstonian to go aboard the International Space Station. She returned to space for her second long duration mission on 15 November 2020, onboard SpaceX Crew-1, the first operational flight of SpaceX's Crew Dragon spacecraft.\n", "missions": [ "2010-06-15T00:00:00", "2020-11-15T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/LIU_Yang_CUHK_2012.JPG/80px-LIU_Yang_CUHK_2012.JPG", "alt": "LIU Yang CUHK 2012.JPG" }, "name": "Liu Yang", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Yang_(astronaut)", "birth_date": "1978-10-06T00:00:00", "countries": [ "China" ], "comment": "First Chinese woman in space.\n", "missions": [ "2012-06-16T00:00:00" ] }, { "name": "Wang Yaping", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Yaping", "birth_date": "1980-01-27T00:00:00", "countries": [ "China" ], "comment": "\n", "missions": [ "2013-06-11T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Elena_Serova_food_tasting_-_crop.jpg/80px-Elena_Serova_food_tasting_-_crop.jpg", "alt": "Elena Serova food tasting - crop.jpg" }, "name": "Yelena Serova", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yelena_Serova", "birth_date": "1976-04-22T00:00:00", "countries": [ "Russia" ], "comment": "Member of ISS Expedition 41. First Russian woman to visit the ISS.\n", "missions": [ "2014-09-25T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Samantha_Cristoforetti_portrait.jpg/81px-Samantha_Cristoforetti_portrait.jpg", "alt": "Samantha Cristoforetti portrait.jpg" }, "name": "Samantha Cristoforetti", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samantha_Cristoforetti", "birth_date": "1977-04-26T00:00:00", "countries": [ "Italy" ], "comment": "ESA Astronaut. First Italian woman in space and first Italian woman on ISS. Expedition 42/43.\n", "missions": [ "2014-11-23T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Kathleen_Rubins_portrait.jpg/80px-Kathleen_Rubins_portrait.jpg", "alt": "Kathleen Rubins portrait.jpg" }, "name": "Kathleen Rubins", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathleen_Rubins", "birth_date": "1978-10-14T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "Twelfth woman to walk in space (Aug. 19, 2016, Sep. 01, 2016) during ISS Expedition 48.\n", "missions": [ "2016-07-06T00:00:00", "2020-10-14T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Serena_M._Aunon%2C_NASA_astronaut_candidate.jpg/80px-Serena_M._Aunon%2C_NASA_astronaut_candidate.jpg", "alt": "Serena M. Aunon, NASA astronaut candidate.jpg" }, "name": "Serena Au\u00f1\u00f3n-Chancellor", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serena_Au%C3%B1%C3%B3n-Chancellor", "birth_date": "1976-04-09T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "\n", "missions": [ "2018-06-06T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Anne_C._McClain_portrait.jpg/80px-Anne_C._McClain_portrait.jpg", "alt": "Anne C. McClain portrait.jpg" }, "name": "Anne McClain", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_McClain", "birth_date": "1979-06-07T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "Thirteenth woman to walk in space (Mar. 22, 2019, Apr. 08, 2019) during ISS Expedition 59.\n", "missions": [ "2018-12-03T00:00:00" ] }, { "name": "Beth Moses", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beth_Moses", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "The first woman to make a spaceflight (US Department of Defense classification i.e. >50\u00a0mi (80.47\u00a0km)) on a commercially launched vehicle.\n", "missions": [ "2019-02-22T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Christina_M._Hammock_portrait.jpg/80px-Christina_M._Hammock_portrait.jpg", "alt": "Christina M. Hammock portrait.jpg" }, "name": "Christina Koch", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina_Koch", "birth_date": "1979-02-02T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States" ], "comment": "Jointly with Jessica Meir, became the first two women to undertake an all-female EVA during ISS Expedition 61. Location: ISS (11:38 UTC, Oct 18, 2019). Greatest continuous number of days in space for a female. She returned to Earth on Thursday, February 6, 2020 after 328 days in space.\n", "missions": [ "2019-03-14T00:00:00" ] }, { "profile_image": { "src": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Jessica_U._Meir_portrait.jpg/80px-Jessica_U._Meir_portrait.jpg", "alt": "Jessica U. Meir portrait.jpg" }, "name": "Jessica Meir", "wiki_page": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Meir", "birth_date": "1977-07-15T00:00:00", "countries": [ "United States", "Sweden" ], "comment": "Fifteenth woman to walk in space (Oct. 18, 2019) during ISS Expedition 61. Jointly with Christina Hammock Koch, became the first two women to undertake an all-female EVA. 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