2c:null 2d:["$","title",null,{"children":"From Policy to Practice: Crafting a Sustainable Future through CO2 Legislation | UdG | Master's in Data Science | Observable"}] 32:T5a8,

Air pollution is a major global environmental problem with various adverse effects on health and the environment. According to the World Health Organization(WHO), air pollution is the biggest environmental risk to health and a public health emergency, being responsible for millions of premature deaths annually. On the other hand, air pollution also affects climate change, which is one of the most imporant challenges humanity has to face this century. Unfortunately, expecting people to act in society best interest instead of their own personal ones is an excercise in futility. Therefore, where ethics fail, legislation appears, as a reminder to the correct path that people, deep down, know is correct.

In the last 50 years, all countries around the world have embarked on the task of legislate emissions. In practice however, it is difficult to get the actual law right, specially when talking about climate. Laws may be too strict and cripple the economy, have some sort of loophole, or be too lenient and not achieve the desired results. Therefore, it is to be expected that some countries laws have been more succesful than others.

In the following presentation, the reader will be able to explore different aspects of the climate legistlation. First, an overview of CO2 emissions. Then, a more indepth study about the impact of climatic laws in selected countries.

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The issue of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has become a critical aspect of global environmental discussions. As societies progressed through industrialization, the emissions of CO2, a significant greenhouse gas, have risen dramatically. Understanding the historical trends in CO2 emissions provides valuable insights into the contributors to climate change. The focus here is on the United States, historically the largest carbon emitter, and the shifting dynamics that have placed China and India at the forefront of global CO2 emissions.

Historically, the US has been the largest carbon emitter, releasing 422 billion tons of CO2 into the atmosphere since the onset of the Industrial Revolution (1760). This prolonged period of industrial activity and economic development significantly contributed to the nation's carbon footprint.

However, the landscape of CO2 emissions is evolving. As countries undergo development and industrialization, their carbon emissions tend to increase. In this context, China has emerged as the leading global emitter, with India securing the third position. This shift reflects the changing dynamics of economic growth and energy consumption in these nations.

In 2021, these three countries (U.S., China, and India) collectively accounted for 52% of the world's total CO2 emissions. It is remarkable also that the top 10 countries with the highest emissions collectively contributed to almost two-thirds of the entire global CO2 emissions.

This data highlights the urgency of addressing emissions on an international scale. While historical responsibility remains with countries that have been major emitters over the years, a collaborative and comprehensive approach is essential to control the rising tide of global CO2 emissions.

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As a first approach we unravel the intricacies of the global pursuit of environmental harmony, a compelling correlation takes center stage — the intricate dance between a nation's emissions trajectory and its dedication to climate legislation.

In the relentless sprint towards progress via industrialization, countries find themselves at a pivotal juncture, where economic strides intersect with environmental consequences. As industries grow, so does the looming threat of escalated pollution. Yet, a crucial insight emerges: governments worldwide are awakening to the urgent need to counteract this surge in emissions.

This realization underscores a fundamental shift in perspective. It's not merely about economic growth; it's about achieving a balance. Governments, driven by economic goals, are recognizing their dual duty to propel progress while safeguarding the planet. The story unfolds not as a mere clash of interests but as a nuanced dance, where the more a country grows economically, the more vital it becomes to legislate and mitigate the environmental fallout.

35:Tdc2,viewof worldmapco2percapita = { const width = 928; const marginTop = 46; const height = width / 2 + marginTop; const projection = d3.geoEqualEarth().fitExtent([[2, marginTop + 2], [width - 2, height]], {type: "Sphere"}); const path = d3.geoPath(projection); const valuemap = new Map(finalResultArray.map(d => [d.country, d.co2_including_luc_per_capita])); const colorDomain = [0, 40] const color = d3.scaleSequential().interpolator(d3.interpolateRdPu).domain(colorDomain); const svg = d3.create("svg") .attr("width", width) .attr("height", height) .attr("viewBox", [0, 0, width, height]) .attr("style", "max-width: 100%; height: auto;"); svg.append("g") .attr("transform", "translate(20,0)") .append(() => Legend(color, {title: "CO2 per capita (tonnes)", width: 260})); svg.append("path") .datum({type: "Sphere"}) .attr("fill", "white") .attr("stroke", "currentColor") .attr("d", path); const mapGroup = svg.append("g"); mapGroup .selectAll("path") .data(countries.features) .join("path") .attr("fill", d => color(valuemap.get(d.properties.name))) .attr("d", path) .on("click", handleClick) .append("title") .text(d => `${d.properties.name}\n${valuemap.get(d.properties.name)}`); mapGroup.append("path") .datum(countrymesh) .attr("fill", "none") .attr("stroke", "white") .attr("d", path); function getFullCountryName(shortName) { const countryMappings = { "Cabo Verde": "Cape Verde", "United States of America": "United States", "Dem. Rep. Congo": "Congo, The Democratic Republic of the", "Dominican Rep.": "Dominican Republic", "Côte d'Ivoire": "Cote d'Ivoire", "Central African Rep.": "Central African Republic", "Bosnia and Herz.": "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "S. Sudan": "South Sudan", "Eq. Guinea": "Equatorial Guinea", "Macedonia": "North Macedonia", "Solomon Is.": "Solomon Islands", "Timor-Leste": "East Timor", "eSwatini": "Eswatini", "Russia": "Russian Federation", "Bolivia": "Bolivia, Plurinational State of", "North Korea": "Korea, Democratic People's Republic of", "South Korea": "Korea, Republic of", "Iran": "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Moldova": "Moldova, Republic of", "Syria": "Syrian Arab Republic", "Laos": "Lao People's Democratic Republic", "Tanzania": "Tanzania, United Republic of", "Taiwan": "Taiwan, Province of China", "Venezuela": "Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of", "São Tomé and Principe" : "Sao Tome and Principe", "Antigua and Barb." : "Antigua and Barbuda", "St. Vin. and Gren.":"Saint Vincent and the Grenadines", "": "" }; return countryMappings[shortName] || shortName; } function handleClick(event, d) { const country = getFullCountryName(d.properties.name); const filteredData = leyes_clima.filter(item => item.name === country); mutable leyes_filtradas = filteredData; const filteredc02= c02data2021nonull.filter(item => item.country === d.properties.name); mutable co2data2021filt=filteredc02; }; svg.call(d3.zoom() .translateExtent([[0.01, 0], [width, height]]) .extent([[0, 0], [width, height]]) .scaleExtent([1, 8]) .on("zoom", zoomed)); function zoomed({transform}) { mapGroup.attr("transform", transform); svg.select("path").attr("transform", transform); svg.select("g").attr("transform", transform); } return svg.node(); } 36:T7a2,

Let's delve deeper into exploring the potential relationship between a country's emissions and the number of laws it has in place. To decipher the upcoming graphic, it's essential to understand that along the diagonal, there's a histogram illustrating the distribution of the selected variables. Meanwhile, other areas of the matrix feature scatter plots that facilitate the observation of relationships between variables. To navigate through the explanations effectively, it is crucial to choose the fields and colors appropriately. Whenever the 🤚 emoji appears, it signifies a pause, prompting you to stop and carefully select the relevant fields and colors accordingly.

🤚

Fields to select:: numberOfLaws
Color:
: continent