2b:null 2c:["$","title",null,{"children":"Story 1 - Disinformation | disinformation | Observable"}] 31:Tf76,line2_update = { const wrapper = html`

Voter turnout rates in presidential elections among countries that have recorded the lowest engagement globally since World War II

In 2023, Nigeria recorded a voter turnout of just under 27%, the lowest since democracy was restored in 1999 and the sixth lowest in presidential elections worldwide.

`; const container = wrapper.querySelector('div'); const logoWidth = 150; // Adjust based on how much space you want for the data source const logoHeight = (130 / 910) * logoWidth; const noteAndSource = html`

Note: The graph shows only the first presidential election in years with two elections. This applies to Afghanistan (2014), Egypt (2012) and Mali (2002, 2013 and 2018).

Data Source: The International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance

`; wrapper.appendChild(noteAndSource); yield wrapper; const colors = { Nigeria: '#008000', Haiti: '#FF4500', Mali: '#FFA500', Afghanistan: '#FF69B4', Egypt: '#1E90FF', }; const line = new G2Plot.Line(container, { title: { visible: true, }, height: 340, data: data, padding: 'auto', margin: 'auto', appendPadding: 10, limitInPlot: false, xField: 'election_year', yField: 'voter_turnout_percentage', seriesField: 'country', color: ({ country }) => colors[country] || '#d3d3d3', // Use custom colors lineStyle: ({ country }) => country === 'Nigeria' ? { lineWidth: 2.5 } : { lineWidth: 1 }, // Increase line thickness for Nigeria legend: { itemName: { style: ({ value }) => { return { fill: colors[value] || '#d3d3d3', // Use the same colors for the legend }; }, }, }, yAxis: { title: { text: 'Voter turnout (%)', position: 'center', // Moves the title to the center of the axis style: { fontSize: 12, }, }, min: 0, max: 100, tickInterval: 20, label: { formatter: (text) => `${text}`, // Remove percentage symbol }, }, xAxis: { type: 'linear', // Use 'linear' for numeric data min: 1978, // Adjust to minimize blank space before 1980 max: 2023, tickInterval: 10, // Set major ticks at every decade tickMethod: () => [1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020], // Explicitly set tick values label: { formatter: (text) => text, // Ensure proper formatting of year labels }, }, point: { visible: true, }, tooltip: { customContent: (title, items) => { let content = `'; return content; }, }, smooth: false, // Disable line smoothing renderer: 'svg', }); line.render(); }; 32:Td88,line3_update = { const wrapper = html`

Nigerian presidential election voter turnout rates since 1978

In 2023, Nigeria recorded a voter turnout of just under 27%, the lowest level since democracy was restored in 1999 and the sixth lowest in presidential elections worldwide since 1945.

Data Source: The International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance

`; wrapper.appendChild(noteAndSource); yield wrapper; const colors = { Nigeria: '#008000', }; const nigeriaData = data.filter(d => d.country === 'Nigeria'); const line = new G2Plot.Line(container, { title: { visible: true, }, height: 340, data: nigeriaData, padding: 'auto', margin: 'auto', appendPadding: 10, limitInPlot: false, xField: 'election_year', yField: 'voter_turnout_percentage', seriesField: 'country', color: ({ country }) => colors[country] || '#d3d3d3', // Use custom colors lineStyle: { lineWidth: 2.5 }, // Increase line thickness for Nigeria legend: false, // Hide the legend as there's only one country yAxis: { title: { text: 'Voter turnout (%)', position: 'center', // Moves the title to the center of the axis style: { fontSize: 12, }, }, min: 0, max: 100, tickInterval: 20, label: { formatter: (text) => `${text}`, // Remove percentage symbol }, }, xAxis: { type: 'linear', // Use 'linear' for numeric data min: 1978, // Adjust to minimize blank space before 1980 max: 2023, tickInterval: 10, // Set major ticks at every decade tickMethod: () => [1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020], // Explicitly set tick values label: { formatter: (text) => text, // Ensure proper formatting of year labels }, }, point: { visible: true, }, tooltip: { customContent: (title, items) => { let content = `'; return content; }, }, smooth: false, // Disable line smoothing renderer: 'svg', }); line.render(); }; 33:Te4a,bar = { const wrapper = html`

Follower counts of influential X accounts during the 2023 Nigerian election

These six social media influencers, who shared dubious content during the 2023 Nigerian election, had a combined reach of nearly 1 million followers.

Data Source: X, Wayback Machine

`; wrapper.appendChild(data_source); yield wrapper; const data = [ { "usernames": "@firstladyship", "followers": 415100 }, { "usernames": "@AreaFada1", "followers": 217700 }, { "usernames": "@VictorIsrael_", "followers": 172200 }, { "usernames": "@drpenking", "followers": 107000 }, { "usernames": "@redcap_blondie", "followers": 32200 }, { "usernames": "@omoelerinjare", "followers": 15900 } // Add other users similarly ]; const bar = new G2Plot.Bar(container, { title: { visible: true, }, height: 340, data: data, padding: 'auto', margin: 'auto', appendPadding: 10, limitInPlot: false, xField: 'followers', yField: 'usernames', color: (usernames) => { return usernames === '@other_user' ? 'lightgrey' : null; }, yAxis: { title: null, // Removing the title for the y-axis label: { style: { //fontWeight: 'bold', // Bold the y-axis labels }, formatter: (text) => { const MAX_CHARACTERS_PER_LINE = 40; const words = text.split(' '); let line = ''; let lines = []; for (let i = 0; i < words.length; i++) { if ((line + words[i]).length > MAX_CHARACTERS_PER_LINE) { lines.push(line); line = ''; } line += `${words[i]} `; if (i === words.length - 1) { lines.push(line); } } return lines.join('\n'); }, }, }, xAxis: { label: { formatter: (text) => { const value = parseInt(text, 10); return value.toLocaleString(); }, } }, tooltip: { formatter: (datum) => { return { name: 'Followers', value: datum.followers.toLocaleString() }; } }, smooth: true, renderer: 'svg' }); bar.render(); } 34:Td49,Pie_chart2 = { const wrapper = html`

Sentiment distribution of X replies to 16 false claims by Nigerian party spokespersons, journalists and influencers

At 70.7%, negative sentiment dominates the Nigerian public's reactions to misinformation about the elections.

Note: The graph illustrates the sentiment distribution of 4,225 unique replies to 16 false claims on X.

Data Source: X

`; wrapper.appendChild(noteAndSource); yield wrapper; const sentiment_data = [ { Sentiment: 'Negative', Count: 2987, Percentage: 70.70 }, { Sentiment: 'Positive', Count: 1164, Percentage: 27.55 }, { Sentiment: 'Neutral', Count: 74, Percentage: 1.75 } ]; const pie = new G2Plot.Pie(container, { appendPadding: 10, data: sentiment_data.sort((a, b) => a.Count - b.Count), angleField: 'Count', startAngle: -1.7 * Math.PI, // Start from the top endAngle: 0.3 * Math.PI, colorField: 'Sentiment', color: (data) => { const sentimentColors = { 'Negative': '#FAAD14', 'Positive': '#5B8FF9', 'Neutral': '#61DDAA' }; return sentimentColors[data.Sentiment] || '#5B8FF9'; }, tooltip: { formatter: (v) => { return { name: v.Sentiment, value: `${v.Percentage.toFixed(2)}% (${v.Count.toLocaleString()} tweets)` }; } }, radius: 0.9, label: { type: 'spider', labelHeight: 40, formatter: (data, mappingData) => { const group = new G.Group({}); group.addShape({ type: 'circle', attrs: { x: 0, y: 0, width: 40, height: 50, r: 5, fill: mappingData.color }, }); group.addShape({ type: 'text', attrs: { x: 10, y: 8, text: `${data.Sentiment}`, fill: '#000000', fontWeight: 700, }, }); group.addShape({ type: 'text', attrs: { x: 10, y: 24, text: `${(data.percent * 100).toFixed(2)}% (${data.Count.toLocaleString()} tweets)`, fill: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65)', fontWeight: 700, }, }); return group; }, }, legend: false, interactions: [{ type: 'element-active' }], renderer: 'svg' }); pie.render(); } 35:[{"id":"369f17c1c1bce65c2d0d22f8ca5e341be554aadff4b7dc04c422b4b927a342f018eaebdc97b7e2f7d92f1b1f03f6896c707343fd1919e1e9046232549ddb7544","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/369f17c1c1bce65c2d0d22f8ca5e341be554aadff4b7dc04c422b4b927a342f018eaebdc97b7e2f7d92f1b1f03f6896c707343fd1919e1e9046232549ddb7544","name":"CCIJ-image-credit.svg","type":"image/svg+xml","lastModified":1716479372948.379,"size":34683},{"id":"1eb679f13465c685778e00eed61c35b7c3fe5a403ca328e39bac8387d07d1b0c40c68d498975506778237430e16bd61392a0ba048968f7588de6f6021d58df22","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/1eb679f13465c685778e00eed61c35b7c3fe5a403ca328e39bac8387d07d1b0c40c68d498975506778237430e16bd61392a0ba048968f7588de6f6021d58df22","name":"01. 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