3e:null 3f:["$","title",null,{"children":"Climate Change and Greenhouse Effect. | Elmo Sobiedd Chavez | Observable"}] 45:T69a,## Introduction Our planet and its climate depends heavily on solar radiation and our atmosphere, which is responsible for protecting the Earth’s surface. The earth receives solar radiation and the planet releases heat thanks to greenhouse gases. Climate change and global warming are not the same, although both concepts are related because the latter is causing the former. Then, we must talk about the Greenhouse Effect, and this is another important concept because it is responsible for making the earth habitable, without this the planet would be extremely cold. What the greenhouse effect does is through three important gases to retain heat into the atmosphere and give us the right temperature to live here. So it is worth noting that the main gases that generate this phenomenon are carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4). Our planet and its climate depend heavily on solar radiation, greenhouse gases, and the atmosphere, the latter responsible for protecting the Earth’s surface. The big problem is due to many activities that we are doing as humans and our struggle to increase the industrial sector and compete more and more without measure, causing the increase of greenhouse gases and thus an increase in global warming. To try to combat this great problem that affects us all, the UN organized one of the most important events with the aim of saving the planet held in 2015 in Paris, the 21st conference on climate change. The outcome of this event culminated in the adoption of the Decision and the Paris Agreement, which consists of working together among the countries involved to keep the global temperature rise well below 2ºC. from 2020.46:T9a4,--- ### The Importance of Knowing Greenhouse Gases The Greenhouse Effect is basically the way in which heat is trapped close to Earth's Surface by Greenhouse Gasses. These heat-trapping gasses can be considered as a protection around Earth. These gasses are Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide, and Water Vapor. Scientists have determined that carbon dioxide's warming effect helps stabilize Earth's atmosphere. Remove carbon dioxide, and the terrestrial greenhouse effect would collapse. Without carbon dioxide, Earth's surface would be some 33°C (59°F) cooler. The greenhouse gasses are the following: **Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)**: Carbon Dioxide enters the atmosphere through different materials and elements, such as burning fossil fuels (Coal, Natural Gas, and Oil), solid waste, trees and other biological materials, also by the result of certain chemical reactions (e.g. manufacture of cement). This gas is removed from the atmosphere only by the absorption of plants as part of the biological carbon cycle. **Methane (CH₄)**: This is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. Methane emissions also result from livestock and other agricultural practices, land use and by the decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills. **Nitrous oxide (N₂O)**: Nitrous oxide is emitted during agricultural, land use, and industrial activities; combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste; as well as during treatment of wastewater. **Fluorinated Gasses**: Are powerful greenhouse gases that are emitted from a variety of household, commercial, and industrial applications and processes. Fluorinated gases are typically emitted in smaller quantities than other greenhouse gases, but they are potent. With global warming potentials (GWPs) that typically range from thousands to tens of thousands, they are sometimes referred to as high-GWP gases because, for a given amount of mass, they trap substantially more heat than CO2. Larger emissions of greenhouse gasses are leading to have a big concentration of these gasses in the atmosphere. The greenhouse gas concentration is measure in parts per million (sometimes measure in parts per billion or trillion). One part per million is equivalent to one drop of water diluted into about 13 gallons of liquid (approximately the fuel tank of a common car). Here we have an animated demonstration by the NASA of how the Greenhouse Effect happens.47:T1389,{ const hover = vl.selectPoint('hover') .encodings('x') // limit selection to x-axis value .on('mouseover') // select on mouseover events .toggle(false) // disable toggle on shift-hover .nearest(true); // select data point nearest the cursor const w = width/2-70; const h = 200; const isHovered = hover.empty(false); const label = {align: 'left', dx: 5, dy: -5}; //const white = {stroke: 'white', strokeWidth: 2}; //------------------------// const line_co2 = vl.markLine({strokeWidth: 3, interpolate: 'monotone'}) .title('CO2') .encode( vl.x().fieldQ('year').axis({gridOpacity: 0.4, tickBand: "center"}) .scale({type:'quantitative', domain: [year_min, 2022]}).title(""), vl.y().sum('co2').axis({gridOpacity: 0.4}).scale({type:'quantitative'}).title(""), vl.color().fieldN('continent').title("Continents").legend(false) ).width(w).height(h); const base1 = line_co2.transform(vl.filter(isHovered)); const ln1 = vl.layer( line_co2, vl.markRule({color: '#aaa'}) .transform(vl.filter(isHovered)) .encode(vl.x().fieldQ('year')), line_co2.markCircle() .params(hover) .encode(vl.opacity().if(isHovered, vl.value(1)).value(0)), base1.markText(label).encode(vl.text().fieldQ('co2').aggregate("sum").format('0.0f')) ); //------------------------// const line_methane = vl.markLine({strokeWidth: 3, interpolate: 'monotone'}) .title('Methane') .encode( vl.x().fieldQ('year').axis({gridOpacity: 0.4, tickBand: "center"}) .scale({type:'quantitative', domain: [year_min, 2022]}).title("Year"), vl.y().sum('methane').axis({gridOpacity: 0.4}).scale({type:'quantitative'}).title("Million Tonnes"), vl.color().fieldN('continent').title("Continents").legend(false) ).width(w).height(h); const base2 = line_methane.transform(vl.filter(isHovered)); const ln2 = vl.layer( line_methane, vl.markRule({color: '#aaa'}) .transform(vl.filter(isHovered)) .encode(vl.x().fieldQ('year')), line_methane.markCircle() .params(hover) .encode(vl.opacity().if(isHovered, vl.value(1)).value(0)), base2.markText(label).encode(vl.text().fieldQ('methane').aggregate("sum").format('0.0f')) ); //------------------------// const line_nit_ox = vl.markLine({strokeWidth: 3, interpolate: 'monotone'}) .title('Nitrous Oxide') .encode( vl.x().fieldQ('year').axis({gridOpacity: 0.4, tickBand: "center"}) .scale({type:'quantitative', domain: [year_min, 2022]}).title("Year"), vl.y().sum('nitrous_oxide').axis({gridOpacity: 0.4}).scale({type:'quantitative'}).title(""), vl.color().fieldN('continent').title("Continents").legend(false) ).width(w).height(h); const base3 = line_nit_ox.transform(vl.filter(isHovered)); const ln3 = vl.layer( line_nit_ox, vl.markRule({color: '#aaa'}) .transform(vl.filter(isHovered)) .encode(vl.x().fieldQ('year')), line_nit_ox.markCircle() .params(hover) .encode(vl.opacity().if(isHovered, vl.value(1)).value(0)), base3.markText(label).encode(vl.text().fieldQ('nitrous_oxide').aggregate("sum").format('0.0f')) ); const line_ghg = vl.markLine({strokeWidth: 3, interpolate: 'monotone'}) .title('Greenhouse Gasses') .encode( vl.x().fieldQ('year').axis({gridOpacity: 0.4, tickBand: "center"}) .scale({type:'quantitative', domain: [year_min, 2022]}).title(""), vl.y().sum('total_ghg').axis({gridOpacity: 0.4}).scale({type:'quantitative'}).title("Million Tonnes"), vl.color().fieldN('continent').title("Continents").legend({orient: 'top', titleOrient: 'left'}) ).width(w).height(h); const base4 = line_ghg.transform(vl.filter(isHovered)); const ln4 = vl.layer( line_ghg, vl.markRule({color: '#aaa'}) .transform(vl.filter(isHovered)) .encode(vl.x().fieldQ('year')), line_ghg.markCircle() .params(hover) .encode(vl.opacity().if(isHovered, vl.value(1)).value(0)), base4.markText(label).encode(vl.text().fieldQ('total_ghg').aggregate("sum").format('0.0f')) ); const h1 = vl.hconcat(ln4,ln1) .resolve({ axis: { x: 'independent' }, scale: { y: state_scale_type } }); const h2 = vl.hconcat(ln2,ln3) .resolve({ axis: { x: 'independent' }, scale: { y: state_scale_type } }); const v1 = vl.vconcat(h1, h2); return vl.data(emissions_data.filter(d=> d.continent !== undefined) .filter(d=> d.continent !== "" ) .filter(d=> d.paris_agreement_signed !== par_agrmnt)) .vconcat(v1) .config({ style: { cell: { stroke: 'transparent' } }, header: { labelFontSize: 14, labelPadding: 0 }, padding: { top: 5, right: 0, bottom: 5, left: 0 }, }) .title({ text: "Chart 1: Gasses Emissions by Year", aling: 'center' }) .render(); }48:T481,Greenhouse gases are increasing steadily every year, even before 1990, but the world did not have the best tools to realize what is happening with the rise of large industries and many other important attitudes that humans are having in recent decades. The greenhouse gas with the largest share in the atmosphere is carbon dioxide with about 80% of its presence. And today we can see that the continent with the highest CO2 production is Asia. In 1990, America, Europe, and Asia were producing a similar value of between 6 and 8 billion tonnes of CO2, with Europe in the top position. Now, those values have changed a lot and the first position is for Asia with a 3x increase in production in just 3 decades. On the other hand, we have America continent with a slight increase from the 90s to the 2000s but after that, it has begun to slowly decrease production. Europe is a great example to follow because it is the only continent with a constant decrease in these 30 years. And finally, we cannot say much about Africa and Oceania, they have a slight increase, but these are continents with less industrialization and less population respectively.49:T50a,{ const legend = { title: get_Name_Metric(metric_map), format: '0.0f', labelFontSize:10, orient: 'top-left', direction: 'vertical', legendX: Math.floor(0.65 * width), legendY: 30, tickCount: 5, gradientLength: 240, gradientThickness: 15 }; const countries = vl.markGeoshape({stroke: '#fff', strokeWidth: 1}) .data(vl.topojson(countries_url).feature("countries1")) .project(vl.projection("naturalEarth1")) .transform( vl.lookup('id') .from(vl.data(emissions_only_countries.filter(d=> d.paris_agreement!==par_agrmnt1)).key('id').fields(metric_map)) ) .encode( vl.color().fieldQ(metric_map) .condition({test: "datum['co2'] == 0", value: "lightgrey"}) .scale({scheme: {name:'reds', count:6}, type: 'quantile', domain: get_Color_Domain(metric_map)}) .legend(legend), vl.tooltip([ {field : "properties.name", title : "Country"}, {field : metric_map, title : get_Name_Metric(metric_map), format: '0.2f'}])//.fieldQ(metric_map).format('0.2f') ); return vl.layer(countries) .width(width) .height(Math.floor(0.6 * width)) .padding(0) .autosize('none') .config({view: {stroke: null}}) .render(); }4a:Ta2d,#### CO2 Throughout the decades of study of this analysis, an important event has been identified and is that in the early 1990s, the country with the highest generation of CO2 was the USA, this was surpassed during the years 2004-2005 by China which is the new largest generator of this gas surpassing the American country with a little more than double today, a value that reaches 10,741 and the USA remained with 5,259. #### Methane & Nitrous Oxide These two gasses represents less than 20% of total greenhouse gasses, we are not going to follow closely this results but it should be noted that the principal countries contributing with more than 500 Millions Tones are China, USA and Russia, three countries that already have an important participation in CO2 results. #### Total Greenhouse Gasses The total amount of greenhouse gases is a mirror of CO2, that is because we want to focus on what is happening with carbon dioxide. Carbon is a chemical element like oxygen, nitrogen, or chlorine, the fourth most abundant element in the universe and on Earth, and is essential to life; the human being is 18% carbon. So, we can realize that carbon is not something terrible, the problem comes when humanity has begun to increase production of this element, the life of the CO2 cycle has operated for thousands of years between a natural range and generating a proper balance in our atmosphere. Currently, we are entering dangerous territory, what is causing the increase of CO2 is the increase of the population and other living beings worldwide and their production of carbon dioxide after breathing, organic decomposition, forest fires, volcanic eruptions, and last but not least, what humans are doing in parallel with the rise of industries and prioritizing the economy over the health of the planet, with the burning of fossil fuels. #### Paris Agreement To address climate change, this agreement sets out the following long-term goals: * Substantially reduce greenhouse gas emissions to limit global temperature rise in this century to 2°C and strive to limit this increase to even more than just 1.5°C. * Review country commitments every five years. * Provide financing to developing countries to enable them to mitigate climate change, strengthen resilience and improve their resilience to climate change impacts. In the following table, we can delve into the greenhouse gas results of all countries separated by the countries involved in the Paris Agreement and the countries that must commit themselves to these important objectives in the next future for the well-being of the planet.4b:T5ce,{ const legend = { title: 'CO2', format: '0.0%', labelFontSize:10, direction: 'horizontal', orient: 'top-left', legendX: Math.floor(0.65 * width), legendY: 30, tickCount: 5, gradientLength: 240, gradientThickness: 8 }; const countries = vl.markGeoshape({stroke:'#fff', strokeWidth:1}) .data(vl.topojson(countries_url).feature("countries1")) .project(vl.projection("naturalEarth1")) .transform( vl.lookup('id') .from(vl.data(emissions_2y).key('id').fields('ratio_incremental')) ) .encode( vl.color().fieldQ('ratio_incremental') //.condition({test: "datum['co2'] == 0", value: "lightgrey"}) .scale({domain: [-1, 0, 3], type: 'quantile', clamp: false, scheme: {name: 'redblue', count:8, //extent:[5,7] }, reverse: true}) // .legend(legend), vl.tooltip([ {field : "properties.name", title : "Country"}, {field : 'ratio_incremental', title : '% CO2 Increment', format: '.0%'}, //{field : 'init', title : years_interval[0]}, //{field : 'end', title : years_interval[1]} ])//.fieldQ(metric_map).format('0.2f') ); return vl.layer(countries) .width(width) .height(Math.floor(0.6 * width)) .padding(0) .autosize('none') .config({view: {stroke: null}}) .render(); }4c:T4ef,#### What has happened after 30 years? Here we can try what we emphasized before, many countries have terrible results with amounts greater than 300% increase, even moving the mouse over the country will see the result for each country, I encourage you to see what has happened in Equatorial Guinea with an unthinkable amount of more than 7000% increase, of course we know this is a little country, but that is not an excuse to permit having that result. It is important to raise awareness and begin to demand that all countries take action. #### After the signing of the Paris Agreement, what has begun to happen? Some countries are beginning to reduce the generation of CO2, we know that the world in turn has initiated different campaigns of environmental protection, which promote the use of bicycles to reduce the use of cars, there are already hybrid and electric cars, Renewable energies become more important year after year, although much remains to be done. Sadly, the bad news is that it needs incremental effort, the countries that have growth of Carbon Dioxide are still more than those that reduce it, and in a span of 4 years can be found countries that generate increases up to 100% like Cambodia, North Korea, Laos or Mongolia, among others.4d:T5a4,{ const top1 = vl.markBar() .data(emissions_top_by_yr.filter(d=> d.paris_agreement_signed == 'Paris Agreement Countries').slice(0,15)) .title('Top Countries members of Paris Agreement') .encode( vl.x().fieldQ('porc_co2').scale({domain:[0,0.33]}).axis({gridOpacity: 0.4, tickBand: "center", format:'0.2%'}) .title('CO2 % of World'), vl.y().fieldN('country').sort('-x').title(''), vl.color({value:'darkred'}) .title("Paris Agreement").legend({orient: 'top', titleOrient: 'left'}) ) .width(width-100); const top2 = vl.markBar() .data(emissions_top_by_yr.filter(d=> d.paris_agreement_signed == 'Rest of the World').slice(0,15)) .title('Top Countries pending to join the Paris Agreement ') .encode( vl.x().fieldQ('porc_co2').scale({domain:[0,0.33]}).axis({gridOpacity: 0.4, tickBand: "center", format:'0.2%'}) .title('CO2 % of World'), vl.y().fieldN('country').sort('-x').title(''), vl.color({value:'orange'}) .title("Paris Agreement").legend({orient: 'top', titleOrient: 'left'}) ) .width(width-100); /* const chartTextBar = vl.markText({ fontSize: 10 }) .data(top15_1.slice(0,15)) .encode( vl.x().fieldQ('porc_co2'), vl.y().fieldN('country').sort('-x'), vl.text({"field": "porc_co2", "type": "quantitative", format: "0.2%", align: 'right'}) )*/ return vl.vconcat(top1, top2) .render(); }4e:T94c,{ const data = globalData2.map(d => ({ year: d.year, lat: get_Hemisphere(d.lat), temp: d.temp })) const hover = vl.selectPoint('hover') .encodings('x') // limit selection to x-axis value .on('mouseover') // select on mouseover events .toggle(false) // disable toggle on shift-hover .nearest(true); const w = width/2-70; const h = 200; const isHovered = hover.empty(false); const label = {align: 'left', dx: 5, dy: -5}; const white = {stroke: 'white', strokeWidth: 2}; //------------------------ const temperatures = vl.markLine() //.data(marketCap) .data(data) .encode( vl.x().fieldQ("year").axis({gridOpacity: 0.4, tickBand: "center",format: "0.0f"}).scale({domain:[years_intervaltemp[0],years_intervaltemp[1]]}).title("Years"), // date parsing! vl.y().fieldQ("temp").title("Temperature °c"), vl.color().fieldN("lat").title("Zone") // .sort(vl.max("market cap").order("descending")) ) .width(900) .height(250); //// const base1 = temperatures.transform(vl.filter(isHovered)); //// const ln1 = vl.layer( temperatures, vl.markRule({color: '#aaa'}) .transform(vl.filter(isHovered)) .encode(vl.x().fieldQ('year')), temperatures.markCircle() .params(hover) .encode(vl.opacity().if(isHovered, vl.value(1)).value(0)), base1.markText(label).encode(vl.text().fieldQ('temp')) ); //-------------------- const heatmap = vl.markRect({tooltip: {"content": "data"}, clip: true}) .data(data.filter(d=>d.year<2020||d.year>=1990)) .encode( vl.y().fieldN("lat").sort(["North Hemisphere", "Global", "South Hemisphere"]).title("Zone"), vl.x().fieldN("year").title("Years"), vl.color().fieldQ("temp").scale({ scheme: "redyellowblue", reverse: true }).title("Temperature"), vl.tooltip([ {field : "year", title : "Year"}, {field : 'temp', title : 'Temperature',format:'0.2f'}, {field : "lat",title:"Zone"} ]) ) .width(900) .height(300); return vl.vconcat(ln1, heatmap) .config({ style: { cell: { stroke: 'transparent' } }, header: { labelFontSize: 14, labelPadding: 0 }, padding: { top: 5, right: 0, bottom: 5, left: 0 }, }) .title({ text: "Global Temperature variation per year", aling: 'center' }).render(); }4f:T45e,emissions_2y = { const t1 = aq.from(emissions_data .filter(d => d.year == years_interval[0] || d.year == years_interval[1]) .filter(d => d.region !== undefined) .filter(d => d.region !== "") .map( d => ({ id: d.id, year: get_init_end(d.year), country: d.country, continent: d.continent, region: d.region, paris_agreement_signed: d.paris_agreement_signed, co2: d.co2 })) ); const t2 = t1.impute({co2: () => 0}); const t3 = t2.groupby('id','country','continent','region','paris_agreement_signed') .pivot('year','co2'); const t4 = [...t3] const t = t4.map(d=> ({ id: d.id, country: d.country, continent: d.continent, region: d.region, paris_agreement_signed: d.paris_agreement_signed, init: d.init, end: d.end, ratio_incremental: get_Ratio(d.init, d.end) })) return t; }50:Tf51,// Copyright 2021 Observable, Inc. // Released under the ISC license. // https://observablehq.com/@d3/bubble-chart function BubbleChart(data, { name = ([x]) => x, // alias for label label = name, // given d in data, returns text to display on the bubble value = ([, y]) => y, // given d in data, returns a quantitative size group, // given d in data, returns a categorical value for color title, // given d in data, returns text to show on hover link, // given a node d, its link (if any) linkTarget = "_blank", // the target attribute for links, if any width = 640, // outer width, in pixels height = width, // outer height, in pixels padding = 3, // padding between circles margin = 1, // default margins marginTop = margin, // top margin, in pixels marginRight = margin, // right margin, in pixels marginBottom = margin, // bottom margin, in pixels marginLeft = margin, // left margin, in pixels groups, // array of group names (the domain of the color scale) colors = d3.schemeTableau10, // an array of colors (for groups) fill = "#ccc", // a static fill color, if no group channel is specified fillOpacity = 0.7, // the fill opacity of the bubbles stroke, // a static stroke around the bubbles strokeWidth, // the stroke width around the bubbles, if any strokeOpacity, // the stroke opacity around the bubbles, if any } = {}) { // Compute the values. const D = d3.map(data, d => d); const V = d3.map(data, value); const G = group == null ? null : d3.map(data, group); const I = d3.range(V.length).filter(i => V[i] > 0); // Unique the groups. if (G && groups === undefined) groups = I.map(i => G[i]); groups = G && new d3.InternSet(groups); // Construct scales. const color = G && d3.scaleOrdinal(groups, colors); // Compute labels and titles. const L = label == null ? null : d3.map(data, label); const T = title === undefined ? L : title == null ? null : d3.map(data, title); // Compute layout: create a 1-deep hierarchy, and pack it. const root = d3.pack() .size([width - marginLeft - marginRight, height - marginTop - marginBottom]) .padding(padding) (d3.hierarchy({children: I}) .sum(i => V[i])); const svg = d3.create("svg") .attr("width", width) .attr("height", height) .attr("viewBox", [-marginLeft, -marginTop, width, height]) .attr("style", "max-width: 100%; height: auto; height: intrinsic;") .attr("fill", "currentColor") .attr("font-size", 10) .attr("font-family", "sans-serif") .attr("text-anchor", "middle"); const leaf = svg.selectAll("a") .data(root.leaves()) .join("a") .attr("xlink:href", link == null ? null : (d, i) => link(D[d.data], i, data)) .attr("target", link == null ? null : linkTarget) .attr("transform", d => `translate(${d.x},${d.y})`); leaf.append("circle") .attr("stroke", stroke) .attr("stroke-width", strokeWidth) .attr("stroke-opacity", strokeOpacity) .attr("fill", G ? d => color(G[d.data]) : fill == null ? "none" : fill) .attr("fill-opacity", fillOpacity) .attr("r", d => d.r); if (T) leaf.append("title") .text(d => T[d.data]); if (L) { // A unique identifier for clip paths (to avoid conflicts). const uid = `O-${Math.random().toString(16).slice(2)}`; leaf.append("clipPath") .attr("id", d => `${uid}-clip-${d.data}`) .append("circle") .attr("r", d => d.r); leaf.append("text") .attr("clip-path", d => `url(${new URL(`#${uid}-clip-${d.data}`, location)})`) .selectAll("tspan") .data(d => `${L[d.data]}`.split(/\n/g)) .join("tspan") .attr("x", 0) .attr("y", (d, i, D) => `${i - D.length / 2 + 0.85}em`) .attr("fill-opacity", (d, i, D) => i === D.length - 1 ? 0.7 : null) .text(d => d); } return Object.assign(svg.node(), {scales: {color}}); }51:T4add,class RingChart { constructor(container) { this._container = container; this._width = 0; this._height = 0; this._diameter = 0; this._radius = { inner: 50, outer: 0, node: 0, max: 0 }; this._palette = d3.schemeTableau10; // options this._options = { order: "asc", nodeStyle: "arc", chartType: "rankmap", clickAction: "highlight", stickyNodes: true, showZeros: true, alwaysShowLines: false, fixedNodeRadius: 0 }; this._legend = { enabled: true, centered: true, fontSize: "9pt", format: ".2s", labelColor: "#666", num: 7 } // elements this._g = null; this._lines = null; this._dots = null; this._yTicks = null; this._legendBox = null; this._legendItems = null; // data this._tick = { name: "", isDate: false, format: "", fontSize: "9pt", color: "#666" }; this._data = null; this._chartData = null; this._min = 0; this._max = 0; this._keys = null; this._sortedKeys = null; this._ranks = null; // scales this._xl = null; this._xb = null; this._y = null; this._color = null; this._bandwidth = { x: 0, y: 0 }; this._isArc = false; this._isSeq = false; this._focus = null; this._uniqueId = new String(Date.now() * Math.random()).replace(".", ""); // events this._onhover = null; this._onclick = null; this._oncancel = null; } size(_) { return arguments.length ? (this._width = _[0], this._height = _[1], this) : [this._width, this._height]; } innerRadius(_) { return arguments.length ? (this._radius.inner = _, this) : this._radius.inner; } palette(_) { return arguments.length ? (this._palette = _, this) : this._palette; } options(_) { return arguments.length ? (this._options = Object.assign(this._options, _), this) : this._options; } legend(_) { return arguments.length ? (this._legend = Object.assign(this._legend, _), this) : this._legend; } tick(_) { return arguments.length ? (this._tick = Object.assign(this._tick, _), this) : this._tick; } data(_) { return arguments.length ? (this._data = _, this) : this._data; } onhover(_) { return arguments.length ? (this._onhover = _, this) : this._onhover; } onclick(_) { return arguments.length ? (this._onclick = _, this) : this._onclick; } oncancel(_) { return arguments.length ? (this._oncancel = _, this) : this._oncancel; } render() { this._init(); this._process(); this._initScales(); this._renderChart(); if (this._legend.enabled) this._renderLegend(); return this; } _init() { this._isArc = this._options.nodeStyle === "arc"; this._isSeq = this._options.chartType === "heatmap"; const cb = this._getCharBox(this._tick.fontSize); this._radius.outer = Math.min(this._width, this._height) - (cb.height + 10); // dy of ticks = 10 } _process() { const op = this._options, ascending = op.order === "asc"; this._processKeys(); const cd = this._data.map(d => { const tick = d[this._tick.name]; const row = { tick: tick, values: this._keys.map(key => { const value = +d[key]; if (value < this._min) this._min = value; else if (value > this._max) this._max = value; return { tick, key, value }; }) }; const sorting = op.chartType === "rankmap" ? row.values : row.values.map(r => r); if (ascending) sorting.sort((a, b) => a.value - b.value); else sorting.sort((a, b) => b.value - a.value); const len = sorting.length; sorting.forEach((d, i) => d.rank = ascending ? len - i : i + 1); return row; }); if (op.chartType === "rankmap") { this._sortedKeys = cd[0].values.map(d => d.key); this._ranks = this._sortedKeys.map(key => ({ key: key, series: cd.map(row => { var index = row.values.findIndex(_ => _.key === key); if (!op.showZeros && row.values[index].value === 0) index = -1; return { tick: row.tick, index: index } }) })); } this._chartData = cd; } _processKeys() { const keys = Object.keys(this._data[0]); if (this._tick.name === "") { this._tick.name = keys[0]; this._keys = keys.slice(1); } else { const index = keys.indexOf(this._tick.name); if (index > -1) { keys.splice(index, 1); this._keys = keys; } else throw "Invalid tick field."; } } _initScales() { const op = this._options, radius = this._calculateRadius(); this._xl = d3.scaleLinear().domain([0, this._chartData.length]).range([0, 360]); this._xb = d3.scaleBand().domain(this._seq(0, this._chartData.length)).range([0, 2 * Math.PI]); radius.max = this._isArc || !op.stickyNodes ? radius.outer / 2 : radius.inner + radius.node * 2 * this._keys.length; if (op.showZeros) { this._y = d3.scaleBand().domain(this._seq(0, this._keys.length)).range([radius.inner, radius.max]); } else { // y scale is from -1 to keys.length, -1 is for zero nodes const u = (radius.max - radius.inner) / (this._keys.length + 1); this._y = d3.scaleBand().domain(this._seq(-1, this._keys.length + 1)).range([radius.inner - u, radius.max]); } if (op.chartType === "rankmap") this._color = d3.scaleOrdinal().domain(this._keys).range(this._palette); else this._color = d3.scaleSequential(this._palette).domain([this._min, this._max]).nice(); this._bandwidth.x = this._xb.bandwidth(); this._bandwidth.y = this._y.bandwidth(); } _calculateRadius() { const radius = this._radius; if (this._options.fixedNodeRadius) radius.node = this._options.fixedNodeRadius; else { const r1 = 2 * Math.PI * radius.inner / this._chartData.length / 2, r2 = (radius.outer / 2 - radius.inner) / (this._keys.length * 2); radius.node = Math.min(r1, r2); } return radius; } _renderChart() { const op = this._options; this._g = this._container.append("g") .attr("transform", `translate(${this._width / 2},${(this._height / 2)})`); if (op.chartType === "rankmap") this._renderLines(); if (this._isArc) this._renderArcs(); else this._renderDots(); this._dots.append("title") .text(d => `${d.tick} - ${d.key}\nRank: ${d.rank}\nValue: ${d.value}`); this._attachEvents(this._dots); this._renderAxis(); if (op.chartType === "heatmap") this._renderAxisY(); } _renderLines() { var a = 0, r = 0; if (this._isArc) { a = this._bandwidth.x / 2; r = this._bandwidth.y / 2; } const line = d3.lineRadial() .curve(d3.curveLinearClosed) .angle((d, i) => this._xb(i) + a) .radius(d => this._y(d.index) + r); const opacity = this._options.alwaysShowLines ? 1 : 0; this._lines = this._g.selectAll(".line") .data(this._ranks) .join("path") .attr("class", "line") .attr("fill", "none") .attr("opacity", opacity) .attr("stroke", (d, i) => this._color(this._sortedKeys[i])) .attr("stroke-width", 2) .attr("d", d => line(d.series)); } _renderArcs() { const arc = d3.arc() .innerRadius((d, i) => this._y(i)) .outerRadius((d, i) => this._y(i) + this._bandwidth.y) .startAngle(d => this._xb(d.index)) .endAngle(d => this._xb(d.index) + this._bandwidth.x); this._dots = this._g.append("g") .selectAll("g") .data(this._chartData) .join("g") .selectAll("path") .data((d, i) => d.values.map(v => Object.assign({ index: i }, v))) .join("path") .attr("fill", d => this._getColor(d)) .attr("d", arc); } _renderDots() { const op = this._options, radius = this._radius, x = 2 * radius.node; const g = this._g.append("g") .selectAll("g") .data(this._chartData) .join("g") .attr("transform", (d, i) => `rotate(${this._xl(i) - 90})`); if (op.nodeStyle === "circle") { this._dots = g.selectAll("circle") .data(d => d.values) .join("circle") .attr("fill", d => this._getColor(d)) .attr("cx", (d, i) => op.stickyNodes ? i * x + radius.inner : this._y(i)) .attr("r", radius.node); } else { const w = radius.node * 2, hb = this._bandwidth.y / 2; this._dots = g.selectAll("rect") .data(d => d.values) .join("rect") .attr("fill", d => this._getColor(d)) .attr("x", (d, i) => (op.stickyNodes ? i * x + radius.inner : this._y(i)) - hb) .attr("y", op.stickyNodes ? -radius.node : -hb) .attr("width", w).attr("height", w); } } _renderAxis() { const radius = this._radius, id = "axis_" + this._uniqueId, scale = d3.scaleLinear() .domain([0, this._chartData.length - 1]) .range([0, 100 - (100 / this._chartData.length)]); this._drawCircle(id, radius.max); let ticks = scale.ticks(); if (ticks.length > this._chartData.length) ticks = scale.ticks(this._chartData.length); this._g.selectAll(".tick") .data(ticks) .join("g") .style("font-size", this._tick.fontSize) .attr("class", "tick") .attr("transform", "rotate(90)") .call(g => g.append("line") .attr("stroke", this._tick.color) .attr("stroke-dasharray", "1,2") .attr("x1", -radius.inner) .attr("x2", -radius.max - 10) .attr("transform", d => `rotate(${360 * scale(d) / 100})`)) .call(g => g.append("text") .attr("dx", 3) .attr("dy", -5) .attr("fill", this._tick.color) .append("textPath") .attr("xlink:href", "#" + id) .attr("startOffset", d => scale(d) + "%") .text((d, i) => { if (Number.isInteger(d)) { const s = this._chartData[d].tick; if (this._tick.isDate) { const date = this._tick.format !== "" ? d3.timeParse(s) : new Date(s); return date.toLocaleDateString(); } else return s; } })); } _drawCircle(id, radius) { this._g.append("path") .attr("id", id) .attr("fill", "none") .attr("stroke", "none") .attr("d", "M 0, 0 " + "m " + -radius + ",0 " + "a " + radius + "," + radius + " 0 0,1 " + radius * 2 + ",0 " + "a " + radius + "," + radius + " 0 0,1 " + (-radius * 2) + ",0 " ); } _renderAxisY() { this._keys.forEach((d, i) => { const id = `axisY${i}_${this._uniqueId}`; this._drawCircle(id, this._y(i)); }); this._yTicks = this._g.append("g") .style("font-size", this._tick.fontSize) .attr("transform", "rotate(90)") .selectAll("text") .data(this._keys) .join("g") .style("visibility", "hidden") .call(g => { g.append("text") .attr("dx", "0.5em") .attr("stroke", "white") .attr("stroke-width", 2) .attr("fill", "none") .call(t => { t.append("textPath") .attr("xlink:href", (d, i) => `#axisY${i}_${this._uniqueId}`) .text(d => d) }) .clone(true) .attr("stroke", "none") .attr("fill", this._tick.color); }); } _renderLegend() { const w = 15, spacing = 2.5, format = d3.format(this._legend.format), h = this._getCharBox(this._legend.fontSize).height; this._legendBox = this._container.append("g") .style("font-size", this._legend.fontSize); const items = this._processLegend(); const legend = this._legendItems = this._legendBox.selectAll("g") .data(items) .join("g") .attr("transform", (d, i) => `translate(0,${i * (h + spacing)})`) .call(g => g.append("rect") .attr("fill", d => this._isSeq ? this._color(d.f) : this._color(d.key)) .attr("rx", 4).attr("ry", 4) .attr("width", w).attr("height", h)) .call(g => g.append("text") .attr("dy", "1em") .attr("fill", this._legend.labelColor) .attr("transform", `translate(${w + spacing},0)`) .text((d, i) => { if (this._isSeq) return i < items.length - 1 ? `${format(d.f)} - ${format(d.c)}` : `> ${format(d.f)}`; else return d.key; })); this._attachEvents(legend); var centered = this._legend.centered; const box = this._legendBox.node().getBBox(), threshold = this._radius.inner - this._radius.node; if (box.width / 2 >= threshold || box.height / 2 >= threshold) centered = false; if (centered) this._legendBox.attr("transform", `translate(${(this._width - box.width) / 2},${(this._height - box.height) / 2})`); else { const left = (this._width / 2) + this._y.range()[1] + h + 15, top = (this._height / 2) - this._y.range()[1]; this._legendBox.attr("transform", `translate(${left},${top})`); } } _processLegend() { if (this._options.chartType === "rankmap") return this._keys.map(d => ({ key: d })); else { const ranges = [], ticks = this._color.ticks(this._legend.num); for (let i = 0; i < ticks.length - 1; i++) { ranges.push({ f: ticks[i], c: ticks[i + 1] }); } return ranges; } } _attachEvents(selections) { const op = this._options; selections.attr("opacity", 1) .on("click", (e, d) => { if (op.clickAction === "none") return; const f = this._focus; if (f && (f === d || f.key && f.key === d.key)) { this._focus = null; this._cancel(); if (this._oncancel) this._oncancel(d); } else { this._focus = d; this._highlight(d); if (this._onclick) this._onclick(d); } e.stopPropagation(); }) .on("mouseenter", (e, d) => { if (!this._focus) { this._highlight(d); if (this._onhover) this._onhover(d); } }) .on("mouseleave", (e, d) => { if (!this._focus) this._cancel(); }); this._container.on("click.eric.ringchart." + this._uniqueId, () => { if (op.clickAction === "none") return; this._focus = null; this._cancel(); }) } _highlight(d) { if (this._isSeq) { const t = this._dots.transition().duration(500); if (d.key) { t.attr("opacity", _ => _.key === d.key ? 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FileAttachment(\"effet-de-serre-825x293.png.png\").image()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":5,"value":"$45","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":179,"value":"---\n## Resumen","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":197,"value":"toc({\n title: null,\n headers: 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years","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":920,"value":"viewof par_agrmnt = radio({\n description: 'Paris Agreement',\n options: [\n { label: 'All the world', value: 'all'},\n { label: 'Paris Agreement Countries', value: 'No' },\n { label: 'Rest of the world', value: 'Yes' }\n ],\n value: 'all'\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":2381,"value":"viewof state_scale_type = radio({\n description: 'Scale',\n options: [\n { label: 'Shared', value: 'shared' },\n { label: 'Independent', value: 'independent' }\n ],\n value: 'shared',\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1867,"value":"$47","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":2416,"value":"$48","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":2744,"value":"key = Swatches(chart.scales.color)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":2688,"value":"chart = BubbleChart(emissions_data.filter(d=> d.continent !== undefined)\n .filter(d=> d.continent !== \"\" )\n .filter(d=> d.year==year_max)\n .filter(d=> d.population >= 50000000) , {\n label: d => [d.country, [Math.round(d.population/1000000), \"M\"].join(\" \")].join(\"\\n\"),\n value: d => d.population,\n group: d => d.continent,\n tooltip: d => d.country,\n width: 700,\n height: 500\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":2957,"value":"An important fact that we must take into account is that Asia is the continent with the largest population, and has countries like China and India that have more than 1,300 million inhabitants (1,422M and 1,383 respectively), followed by USA which contains a quarter of China’s population with 334M and being the only non-Asian country to be within the top 5, the other two are Indonesia with 270M and Pakistan with 223M. \n\nAsia has 13 countries with a population greater than 50 million out of a total of 28 countries, therefore, we must be clear that this continent could hardly fail to be in the first position. But it is also important to monitor these growth indicators and ensure that they are reduced, generating awareness that the planet needs our support.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":973,"value":"---\n### Distribution of CO2 and other greenhouse gasses in the world\n\nIt is a fact that CO2 is the gas that has the highest participation in the greenhouse effect, the generation of this gas comes from multiple sources, which we have already mentioned before, but we can also keep track of which countries are most involved and what the increase is over time.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":3075,"value":"viewof year_sl = Scrubber(years, {\n initial: years.length,\n autoplay: false,\n delay: 300,\n format: date =>\n date.toLocaleString(\"au\", {\n year: \"numeric\"\n })\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1008,"value":"viewof metric_map = radio({\n title: 'Gasses',\n options: [\n { label: 'Carbon Dioxide', value: 'co2'},\n { label: 'Methane', value: 'methane' },\n { label: 'Nitrous Oxide', value: 'nitrous_oxide' },\n //{ label: 'Oxido de Carbono producido por Aceite', value: 'oil_co2' },\n { label: 'Total Greenhouse Gasses', value: 'total_ghg' }\n ],\n value: 'co2'\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1056,"value":"$49","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":3225,"value":"$4a","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":3060,"value":"#### List of Countries by Region includes or not in the Paris Agreement\n\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":2122,"value":"viewof par_agrmnt1 = radio({\n //title: 'Paris Agreement',\n options: [\n { label: 'All the world', value: 'Todos'},\n { label: 'Paris Agreement Countries', value: 'No' },\n { label: 'Rest of the world', value: 'Yes' }\n ],\n description: 'Paris Agreement',\n value: 'Todos'\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":3043,"value":"viewof sel_continent2 = Inputs.checkbox(continent, {label: \"Select a continent\", value: continent})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":3011,"value":"viewof sel_region = Inputs.checkbox(regions, {label: \"Select a region\", value: regions})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":621,"value":"viewof year_sl2 = slider({\n min: year_min, \n max: year_max, \n step: 1, \n value: 2021, \n description: \"Select a year\"\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":2984,"value":"DraggableTable(emissions_cntrs_par_agr)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1259,"value":"---\n### CO2 present and past comparison\n\nAfter understanding what is happening in the world we now want to compare a couple of important years and their CO2 results.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":3087,"value":"viewof r_year_comp = radio({\n //title: 'Paris Agreement',\n options: [\n { label: '1990-2019', value: '1990-2019'},\n { label: '2015-2019', value: '2015-2019'}\n ],\n description: 'Select a couple of years',\n value: '1990-2019'\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1265,"value":"viewof years_interval = interval([year_min, year_max], {\n step: 1,\n value: get_Rng_Years(r_year_comp)\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":3262,"value":"#### CO2 compared between two years","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1257,"value":"$4b","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":3264,"value":"$4c","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1187,"value":"---\n### Top Contries with the highest percentage of CO2 production.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":3221,"value":"In the last 30 years, it has been observed that different countries, such as the United States, China, Russia and India, account for more than 50% of CO2 emissions, taking into account their industrial capacity and population, which is about half the world’s population. Also being the countries with the world’s strongest economies, which are evolving to stop the overexploitation of resources such as carbon, gas and oil, which are sources of greenhouse gas generation that are changing the earth’s temperature. ","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1571,"value":"viewof year_top_sldr = Scrubber(years, {\n initial: years.length,\n autoplay: false,\n delay: 300,\n format: date =>\n date.toLocaleString(\"au\", {\n year: \"numeric\"\n })\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":2137,"value":"$4d","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1660,"value":"---\n### But what about the temperature?\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1803,"value":"In the early 1990s, the world saw the concern of looking for a way to reduce the greenhouse gases (co2, methane, nitrous oxide, among others), which were affecting the ozone layer and increasing the temperature of the poles, This has an impact on the climatic stability of the world generating strong winter storms, floods and heat waves with alarming temperatures, which are affecting the population of the world. According to what was signed in the Paris Agreement, where the countries of the world pledged to look for ways to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to prevent by 2030, be able to reduce the average increase in the temperature of the earth by 1,5°c. But how close are we to reaching this temperature? Are we in time to help the planet reduce such overwhelming change that we have created? ","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":2809,"value":"\n#### Years","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":2780,"value":"viewof years_intervaltemp = interval([1990, 2021], {\n step: 1,\n value: [1990, 2021],\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":2862,"value":"$4e","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":3248,"value":"### Conclusions\n* Taking into account the evolution over time of CO2 emissions and the world temperature variation, it is critical and necessary that the parties involved in the Paris agreement and those countries which are not yet there, adopt measures to control and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, so that over the last few years before 2030, try to maintain a stable temperature and away from the dreaded 1.5°c of the average temperature that the Paris Agreement establishes.\n* It is a difficult task to meet the objectives of the Paris Agreement, to stop development in order to prioritize the health of the planet is not something to be welcomed. But we do not need to create something new, we already have countries that have begun to do a good job, the task is to copy the good that they have done, and in parallel think how you can continue development and industrialization without affecting our planet.","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":21,"value":"---\n## Other questions.\n* What can we find if we do an analysis between CO2 and temperature? Could we find patterns that increase temperature and CO2 in specific regions of the world? And what do we get if we compare the increase in CO2 and the temperature between the two hemispheres? \n* What has been the work of countries with positive results in reducing CO2? Will it be possible to replicate this work in developing countries? ","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":209,"value":"---\n#### Bibliography\n\n* https://elpais.com/especiales/2019/el-co2-en-el-cambio-climatico/\n* https://observatoriop10.cepal.org/es/tratados/acuerdo-paris-la-convencion-marco-cambio-climatico\n* https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change\n* https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases\n* https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":329,"value":"_____________________\n#### Preparación de los Datos","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":401,"value":"**_Limpieza del Dataset Emissions_**","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":269,"value":"emissions = (\n await fetch(\n \"https://nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/owid-public/data/co2/owid-co2-data.json\"\n )\n).json()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":324,"value":"emissions_temp1 = Object.entries(emissions).map(\n ([key, value]) => (\n [...value.data.map(d => ({id: key, \n country: key,\n country_cd: value.iso_code, ...d\n }))]\n ))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":352,"value":"emissions_temp2 = emissions_temp1.flat()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":357,"value":"emissions_filtered = emissions_temp2.filter(d => d.year >= 1990 && d.year<= 2019)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":364,"value":"// Dataset Final\nemissions_data = emissions_filtered.map(\n (emissions_filtered) => \n ({...emissions_filtered,\n ...detail_countries2.find(d => d.id === emissions_filtered.country_cd)}))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1890,"value":"_Data for heat temperature_","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":2763,"value":"original = FileAttachment(\"ZonAnn-1.Ts+dSST.csv\").csv()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":2790,"value":"globals = ['Glob', 'SHem', 'NHem'];","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":2799,"value":"globalData2 =globalData.filter(d => d.year >= years_intervaltemp[0] && d.year <= years_intervaltemp[1])\n.filter(d=>d.year>1989)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":2794,"value":"fData = (zones) => {\n const data = [];\n \n zones.forEach((l) => {\n data.push(\n ...original.map((d) => {\n return { year: parseInt(d.Year), lat: l, temp: d[l] };\n })\n );\n });\n return data;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":2787,"value":"globalData = fData(globals)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":3230,"value":"_Map comparison CO2_","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1425,"value":"$4f","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":3235,"value":"_Top countries_","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1569,"value":"emissions_top_by_yr = {\n\n const data = emissions_data\n .filter(d => d.year == year_top_sldr)\n .filter(d => d.region !== undefined)\n .filter(d => d.region !== \"\").map( d => ({\n id: d.id,\n year: d.year,\n country: d.country,\n continent: d.continent,\n region: d.region,\n paris_agreement_signed: change_ParAgr(d.paris_agreement_signed),\n co2: d.co2\n }));\n\n const t1 = aq.from(data);\n const t2 = t1.impute({co2: () => 0});\n const t3 = [...t2].flat();\n const total_co2 = get_co2_world(t3);\n \n const t4 = aq.from(t3\n .map( d => ({\n id: d.id,\n year: d.year,\n country: d.country,\n continent: d.continent,\n region: d.region,\n paris_agreement_signed: d.paris_agreement_signed,\n co2: d.co2.toFixed(2),\n porc_co2: (d.co2/total_co2)\n }))\n );\n\n const t5 = t4.orderby(aq.desc('porc_co2'));\n\n const t = [...t5]\n \n return t.flat();\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1058,"value":"emissions_only_countries = emissions_data.filter(d => d.region !== undefined)\n .filter(d => d.region !== \"\")\n .filter(d => d.year == year_sl)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":3237,"value":"_Table with countries by region_","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":2971,"value":"emissions_cntrs_par_agr = emissions_data\n .filter(d=> d.paris_agreement_signed !== par_agrmnt1)\n .filter(d=> d.year == year_sl2)\n .filter(d=> d.total_ghg >= 0)\n .filter(d => d.region !== undefined)\n .filter(d => d.region !== \"\")\n .filter((d) => sel_region.includes(d.region))\n .map( d=> ({\n Continent: d.continent,\n Region: d.region,\n Country: d.country,\n CO2: d.co2,\n Methane: d.methane,\n Nitrous_oxide: d.nitrous_oxide,\n Total_Ghg: d.total_ghg,\n Paris_Agreement: d.paris_agreement_signed\n })).sort((a, b) => +b.Total_Ghg - +a.Total_Ghg)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":340,"value":"___\n_Datos complementarios_","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":320,"value":"detail_countries = FileAttachment(\"Countries by ISO Code@2.csv\").csv()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":366,"value":"detail_countries2 = detail_countries.map(d => ({\n id: d.Alpha3, \n continent: d.Region,\n region: d.Sub_Region,\n paris_agreement_signed: d.Paris_Agreement_Signed\n}))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":985,"value":"countries_url_obj = d3.json(\n \"https://unpkg.com/visionscarto-world-atlas@0.0.6/world/110m_countries.geojson\"\n)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1074,"value":"countries_url = \"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/deldersveld/topojson/master/world-countries-sans-antarctica.json\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":464,"value":"**Definiendo objetos para Inputs**","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":472,"value":"continent = uniqueValid(emissions_data.filter(d => d.continent !== \"\"), d => d.continent)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":478,"value":"all_regions = uniqueValid(emissions_data.filter(d => d.region !== \"\"), d => d.region)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":3035,"value":"regions = uniqueValid(emissions_data.filter(d => d.region !== \"\")\n .filter((d) => sel_continent2.includes(d.continent)), d => d.region)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":467,"value":"countries = uniqueValid(emissions_data, d => d.country)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":670,"value":"paris_agreement_signed = uniqueValid(emissions_data, d => d.paris_agreement_signed)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":618,"value":"years = uniqueValid(emissions_data, d => d.year)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1641,"value":"years_ghg=years.filter(d=>d>=1990&&d<=2019)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":627,"value":"year_min = d3.min(emissions_data, d => d.year)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":630,"value":"year_max = d3.max(emissions_data, d => d.year)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":2496,"value":"co2_min_2y = d3.min(emissions_2y, d => d.ratio_incremental)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":2500,"value":"co2_max_2y = d3.max(emissions_2y, d => d.ratio_incremental)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1164,"value":"_Objetos para 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break;\n case 'methane':\n name = 'Methane';\n break;\n case 'nitrous_oxide':\n name = 'Nitrous Oxide';\n break;\n case 'total_ghg':\n name = 'Greenhouse Gasses';\n break;\n }\n \n return name;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1128,"value":"function get_Color_Domain(m) {\n let d = \"\";\n \n switch(m) {\n case 'co2':\n d = [0,10000];\n break;\n case 'methane':\n d = [0,1000];\n break;\n case 'nitrous_oxide':\n d = [0,700];\n break;\n case 'total_ghg':\n d = [0,10000];\n break;\n }\n \n return d;\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1467,"value":"function get_init_end(y){\n let r = \"\";\n if(y == 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