2d:null 2e:["$","title",null,{"children":"Assignment 12: Final Project & NFTs | KarlieDoesNotExist | Observable"}] 33:T876,html`

Non-fungible ｜ Fungibility implies equal value between different assets/goods; non-fungible, in contrast, maintains the uniqueness of a good or asset.
Blockchain ｜ A growing list of records; just like a huge board recording and broadcasting each transaction when it happens. => tracing the history of each part of the product...
It is called a chain because each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block and the transaction data. So that people know the order of the transactions, and, once recorded, the data in any block cannot be altered without the alteration of all subsequent blocks.
Hash table | keys and OBJKT; distributed; keep tracking; javascript object?
Hash | A function that converts an input of letters and numbers into an encrypted output (looks random) of a fixed length; (in this cryptographic case, 256 bits)
Tiny change of the original data => results in a totally unrecognizable hash;
One-way function: it cannot be used to obtain the original data, only to check if the data that generated the hash matches the original data => inverse is infeasible.
Crypto-Wallets | an entry to the blockchain; a program or a service which stores the public and/or private keys (and other data?) for cryptocurrency transactions.
Proof-of-Work | block + PoW => valid
Lots of people doing the same work, and the "reward" is given to the group that has the most computational work put into it (the first one).
Proof-of-Stake | It doesn’t require the computationally intensive approach to minting to validate entries on the blockchain, and instead, is cross-verified by its network of stakeholders, known as bakers, that leave a financial stake in the system to enforce trust between them.
Minting | from digital artwork to an NFT (a part of the blockchain).
Mining | PoW; running a calculation with slightly different data over and over. Guessing & checking => go through billions of different numbers => find the hash representing the special alphanumeric combination.

`34:T8da,html`

A few thoughts on NFT

So here's a meme from Reddit, and I found it quite accurate implying the confusion people have when they don't really understand NFT. Say, a musician made a song and distributed it through the internet. People can listen to it for free or just by paying a small amount of money. Since everyone can appreciate it (and that's probably also the musician's intention), why do people need to care about that so-called "authentic certificate"? I guess what lies behind this meme would be a more general question: what's the relationship between the NFT and the original work?

First, I think we need to have a consensus that the art market is a completely different thing from art, or at least art creation. Even though we see really good art out there, what gives art value (or monetary value) seems to be the historical context, the artist (and whether (s)he is popular), and the collective demand. So I guess that's why a certificate of authenticity is so necessary for both the traditional and digital art market: it ensures authenticity, which ensures money :)
The point of NFT is the uniqueness, rarity, and limited supply of goods. An NFT cannot be the air or water, but that bit of air Michael Jordan breathed or the drop of water with a special meaning would probably be fine. In this sense, I feel like NFT is drawing a line between the artwork itself and the commercial potential it has.

Will the "true value" of the artwork be transferred into the NFT?

Well first, we need to come up with a way to define what "true value" is. Is it the value (e.g. how much it is sold as) in the market? Is it about how strong historical impact it will create...? It's a complicated question, but I think at least we all have a sense that the value of a piece of art in the collecting market is not the only aspect of the work.

Lately an anonymous guild of “art digitalists” bought a (again, of course :) Bansky painting and then burnt it — after digitizing the work into an NFT. This NFT can still be transacted any number of times while the painting itself does not exist anymore. `35:T698,html`

Seth who goes by the name "Dude with sign" lives in New York stands in the corner of the SoHo street holding a placard in his hands with declarations written on it. Tamerlan FX is an artist based in Paris who did the same thing. In the description of his work Stop Please, Tamerlan FX simply wrote "SUPPORT THE IDEA:)", and the whole thing that the buyer can get, would probably no more than a picture. This work was sold on April 20 for 0.1 ETH.

STOP PLEASE

sold as: 0.1 Eth

If you were to have the NFT and the physical piece, the value would be primarily in the physical piece. By removing the physical piece from existence and only having the NFT, we can ensure that the NFT, due to the smart contract ability of the blockchain, will ensure that no one can alter the piece and it is the true piece that exists in the world. By doing this, the value of the physical piece will then be moved onto the NFT.
Quote from @Burnt Banksy

`36:T5c2,html`

The owner is in agreement to the following terms and conditions upon purchase of Mars House (hereby referred to as Mars House NFT):
- The collector agrees to own one copy of Mars House NFT on a single Metaverse platform.
- The collector is required to register Mars House NFT ownership with Krista Kim Studio Inc.
- Krista Kim Studio Inc. will provide technical support to upload and integrate Mars House NFT on a Metaverse platform.
- If/when Mars House is resold, the collector is required to delete all Mars House NFT 3D file(s) from his/her Metaverse, and provide verification of deletion to Krista Kim Studio Inc. before new 3D files are transferred to the new owner by the artist.
- The new owner is required to register Mars House NFT ownership with Krista Kim Studio Inc. Krista Kim Studio will send Mars House NFT 3D files directly to the new owner and provide support for Metaverse integration.
- This verified ownership transfer system will be appointed to Krista Kim Studio Inc. trusteeship, after 40 years of the date of the sale.
- Krista Kim Studio Inc. retains ownership of Mars House NFT copyright.
- All rights reserved.
- All reproductions of Mars House (NFT) in both digital and physical formats, are restricted.
- Mars House NFT physical furniture pieces, made of tempered printed glass in Italy, may be commissioned by the collector as NFT physical pieces.
`37:T6e5,md`
## Ideas about the final project... - Noise study & sound synthesis
Game of Life/Cellular Automata => randomness

[Ryoji Ikeda 池田亮司](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-vSFDZGfF4) - generated fonts/ Chinese characters
[zi2zi: Master Chinese Calligraphy with Conditional Adversarial Networks](https://github.com/kaonashi-tyc/zi2zi); zi2zi(meaning from character to character)
[Multi-class Generative Adversarial Networks with the L2 Loss Function](https://github.com/xudonmao/Multi-class_GAN)
proposed to adopt the L2 loss function for the discriminator, instead of the binary sigmoid cross-entropy loss function, to improve the stabilization of GANs learning.
This multi-class GAN can generate elegant images on datasets with a large number of classes.

dataset: [CASIA Chinese Handwriting Databases](http://www.nlpr.ia.ac.cn/databases/handwriting/Download.html) ![](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Haoran-Xie/publication/310235006/figure/fig1/AS:428523530788866@1479179379970/Generated-images-of-handwritten-Chinese-characters-by-GANs.png)

- creating millions of characters that do not really exist... - generate handwriting version of certain text | examples that I can think of: public formal (government) documents that have special meanings to people/free e-books under the public domain... `38:[{"id":"37b10e0c635220afb03297fed83986ce7eadb4788b09a994c799339a525f902f987d93558851447de5099a613a1279fb9078a8ca5de9e11ddaf63cb2f218ea42","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/37b10e0c635220afb03297fed83986ce7eadb4788b09a994c799339a525f902f987d93558851447de5099a613a1279fb9078a8ca5de9e11ddaf63cb2f218ea42","name":"dudewithsign1.jpeg","type":"image/jpeg","lastModified":1619007777973.068,"size":233916},{"id":"a53b3b1d98b973825174bc59d34518da808a29a9b1f3817db5216b7be72fc2d6f77f7b3b510f46bda8f3474660b9448bb5bda06499bab81db73f4cff84f68cc0","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/a53b3b1d98b973825174bc59d34518da808a29a9b1f3817db5216b7be72fc2d6f77f7b3b510f46bda8f3474660b9448bb5bda06499bab81db73f4cff84f68cc0","name":"dudewithsign2.jpg","type":"image/jpeg","lastModified":1619007778597.219,"size":1529770},{"id":"f43df23bb2108df3efdd8deef4824c707a088fb8dbab5d5d25363fe33beb65a1f1f56b6f05f736eb22a2b164fd3604f34e2358b73647a0ca5d747bcfc96c8d90","href":"https://static.observableusercontent.com/files/f43df23bb2108df3efdd8deef4824c707a088fb8dbab5d5d25363fe33beb65a1f1f56b6f05f736eb22a2b164fd3604f34e2358b73647a0ca5d747bcfc96c8d90","name":"ca.png","type":"image/png","lastModified":1619071409390.774,"size":157347}] 31:{"id":"419d50836711e05a","slug":"assignment-12-final-project-nfts","title":"Assignment 12: Final Project & NFTs","thumbnail":"13449935a2dcc343b9f71bee7aff60f61d20848ab2ec09a05c69ff8bc2f40488","access_level":"public","create_time":"$D2021-04-18T17:42:28.760Z","update_time":"$D2021-04-23T03:23:33.766Z","view_time":null,"first_public_time":"$D2021-04-22T04:11:16.479Z","has_unpublished_edits":null,"fork":false,"stars":3,"starred":false,"owner":{"type":"team","id":"b34c988451399e98","login":"wenrazhao2","name":"KarlieDoesNotExist","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/64edd542e55cff350a7503e5050267fb1768e8cc5052184b8a8cb49162d172f3","tier":"starter_2024"},"version":398,"publish_version":398,"role":null,"authored":false,"authors":[{"type":"individual","id":"302ba7635bb9b25d","login":"wenrazhao2","name":"KarlieDoesNotExist","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/64edd542e55cff350a7503e5050267fb1768e8cc5052184b8a8cb49162d172f3","tier":null}],"members":[{"type":"individual","id":"302ba7635bb9b25d","login":"wenrazhao2","name":"KarlieDoesNotExist","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/64edd542e55cff350a7503e5050267fb1768e8cc5052184b8a8cb49162d172f3","tier":null,"role":"editor"}],"comments":[],"custom_thumbnail":true,"trashed":false,"lapsed":null,"subscribed":null,"forks":0,"collection":null,"type":"notebook","body":{"title":"Assignment 12: Final Project & NFTs","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"md `# Assignment 12: Final Project & NFTs\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":268,"value":"md`\n
\n## READ
\n#### [Not another JPEG](https://www.plummerfernandez.com/works/not-another-jpeg/) by M Plummer-Fernández\n#### [Here Is the Article You Can Send to People...](https://everestpipkin.medium.com/but-the-environmental-issues-with-cryptoart-1128ef72e6a3) by Everest Pipkin\n#### [NFTs Weren’t Supposed to End Like This](https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/04/nfts-werent-supposed-end-like/618488/) by Anil Dash\n#### [Toward a New Ecology of Crypto Art: A Hybrid Manifesto](https://flash---art.com/2021/02/episode-v-towards-a-new-ecology-of-crypto-art/) by Memo Atken, Casey Reas, et al.\n#### [But how does bitcoin actually work?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBC-nXj3Ng4) video by 3Blue1Brown\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":249,"value":"$33","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":33,"value":"$34","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":106,"value":"$35","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":177,"value":"html`

\n

\nBiophotonic Phosopene is a digital artwork created by @bardionson, now owned by @dina.\n\n\n

\n\n
\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":232,"value":"html`

\n\n

Mars House

\n\"is the first NFT digital house in the world. Upon purchase of Mars House NFT, 3D files will be sent to the new owner by Krista Kim Studio Inc. for file upload to the owner’s Metaverse. \"\n

\n“Kim ventured into NFTs while exploring meditative design during quarantine; her hope was to use the influx of digital life as an opportunity to promote wellbeing. Comprised entirely of light, the visual effects of her crypto-home are meant to omit a zen, healing atmosphere. The artist also partnered with musician Jeff Schroeder of The Smashing Pumpkins to create a calming musical accompaniment. \"\n
\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":303,"value":"$36","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":120,"value":"html`

\n
\n

Async Art

\nis a new art movement built on the blockchain. Create, collect, and trade programmable art: digital paintings split into \"Layers\", which you can use to affect the overall image.\n\n
\nArt that can evolve over time, react to its owners, or follow a stock price is now all possible with programmable art.\n
\nIf we burn, you burn with us by @equinoz.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":184,"value":"$37","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":254,"value":"html`\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"}],"files":"$W38","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}} 32:"$31:body"