24:null 25:["$","title",null,{"children":"UNEP | Natural and Modified Habitat Screening Layer | Aaron Kyle Dennis | Observable"}] 2a:T559,

NatMod_Screening_Layer (0)

	1 - Likely Modified
	2 - Potential Modified
	3 - Potential Natural
	4 - Likely Natural

2b:Tf36,The dataset use [freely available data layers](https://resources.unep-wcmc.org/products/4e2d929b580b40f48513906ca5097140) in combination to develop a new global layer that identifies natural and modified habitat. It is aligned with the definitions of natural and modified habitat from the highly influential Performance Standard 6 (PS6) of the International Finance Corporation (IFC). However, we pr opose this layer as an output that can be used beyond the IFC and could be integrated into the investment decision making of global and regional banks, or the decision making of international corporations. A global layer of habitat state, which is aligned with the definitions of Natural and Modified Habitats according to IFC PS6, can be used by businesses in the early stages of project development, by highlighting areas of *potential* or *likely* Natural and Modified Habitat. It can be used at a landscape scale, due to the resolution and precision of the underlying data. It does not remove the need for more detailed ground surveys at a site level, but provides an overview of the state of habitat in the surrounding area. Although the IFC PS6 definition of Natural and Modified Habitat is based on ecological functions and species composition, suitable data on this is not available globally. For this reason, data on human pressure and habitat is used as a proxy for the loss and intactness of ecological functions and species composition. It is important to note that this screening layer may overestimate the amount of remaining Natural Habitat for two reasons. The first is that we took a precautionary approach when designating pixels a Natural or Modified value. Where there was disagreement between a Natural and Modified dataset for a given pixel, the precautionary approach was to designate it as a Natural pixel (depending on whether the datasets were classified as *likely* or *potential*). The second is that not all aspects of human modification could be included because of data limitations. A prime example is hunting, which is a major cause of biodiversity loss ([Maxwell et al., 2016](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320720307321#bb0145)) and therefore has large impacts on the ecological function and species composition of habitats, but there is no data available globally. The buffers we used around roads are a good proxy for hunting in some habitats, such as forests, but the impacts of hunting will vary based on terrain and may extend further in non-forested areas ([Wu et al., 2017](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320720307321#bb0245)). In addition, as the Human Footprint Layer is a pressure map that includes the indirect effects of access in to natural areas, it does have a relationship with human pressures such as hunting and the introduction of invasive species ([Venter et al., 2016](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320720307321#bb0220)). Of the areas classified as *likely* or *potential* Natural in our screening layer, some areas may not be intact in terms of ecological function and species composition due to hunting and other anthropogenic pressures for which data are not available. For example, two thirds of Intact Forest Landscapes overlap with an area where a species has gone extinct in the past 500 years ([Plumptre et al., 2019](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320720307321#bb0175)). And around 9% of tropical Intact Forest Landscapes and 11% of tropical Wilderness areas have lost at least 10% of their mammal abundance due to hunting ([Benítez-López et al., 2019](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320720307321#bb0015)). When only considering large-bodied mammal assemblages, these figures go up to over 50% ([Benítez-López et al., 2019](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320720307321#bb0015)).2c:T7ae,citation = `@article{GOSLING2020108674, title = {A global mapping template for natural and modified habitat across terrestrial Earth}, journal = {Biological Conservation}, volume = {250}, pages = {108674}, year = {2020}, issn = {0006-3207}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108674}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320720307321}, author = {Joe Gosling and Matt I. Jones and Andy Arnell and James E.M. Watson and Oscar Venter and Andrea C. Baquero and Neil D. Burgess}, keywords = {International Finance Corporation Performance Standard 6, Biodiversity safeguards, Natural habitat, Modified habitat, Investment screening, Environmental risk}, abstract = {The IPBES Global Assessment proposed five key interventions to tackle the drivers of nature deterioration. One of these proposals was to take pre-emptive and precautionary actions in regulatory and management institutions and businesses. Performance standards are tools that can be used to help achieve these interventions. The most influential standard is Performance Standard 6 (PS6) of the International Finance Corporation (IFC), part of the World Bank Group. Institutions like the IFC invest in the private sector in developing countries, including in the infrastructure, agribusiness, forestry, oil, gas and mining sectors, all of which have the potential to cause large environmental impacts. A core element of PS6 outlines the need for the consideration of “natural and modified habitat” within investment screening processes. Here we use freely available data layers in combination to develop a new global layer that identifies natural and modified habitat. It is aligned with the IFC PS6 definitions of natural and modified habitat. However, we propose this layer as an output that can be used beyond the IFC and could be integrated into the investment decision making of global and regional banks, or the decision making of international corporations.} }`2d:[] 28:{"id":"7a88546431afc22a","slug":"unep-natural-and-modified-habitat-screening-layer","title":"UNEP | Natural and Modified Habitat Screening Layer","thumbnail":"a808d7b94c8272fc8955d9b2d533c3cfd2817579f96edbe10e2e9cb110803b35","access_level":"public","create_time":"$D2024-05-20T14:51:41.722Z","update_time":"$D2024-05-23T11:39:22.947Z","view_time":null,"first_public_time":"$D2024-05-23T11:39:42.893Z","fork":false,"stars":0,"starred":false,"owner":{"type":"team","id":"8d652a601386fcf4","login":"aaronkyle","name":"Aaron Kyle Dennis","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/eb6d0b32ccc6c8febbf105ce4d2a938819bcbd1c6a2c108d3a9c01745d3590f2","tier":"starter_2024"},"version":146,"publish_version":null,"role":null,"authored":false,"authors":[],"members":[{"type":"team","id":"8d652a601386fcf4","login":"aaronkyle","name":"Aaron Kyle Dennis","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/eb6d0b32ccc6c8febbf105ce4d2a938819bcbd1c6a2c108d3a9c01745d3590f2","tier":"starter_2024","role":"editor"},{"type":"individual","id":"a7fa3027921865cf","login":"aaronkyle","name":"Aaron Kyle Dennis","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/eb6d0b32ccc6c8febbf105ce4d2a938819bcbd1c6a2c108d3a9c01745d3590f2","tier":null,"role":"editor"}],"comments":[],"custom_thumbnail":false,"trashed":false,"lapsed":null,"subscribed":null,"forks":0,"collection":{"id":"0e7285e03c45c6ac","slug":"gis","title":"GIS","owner":{"id":"8d652a601386fcf4","login":"aaronkyle","name":"Aaron Kyle Dennis"}},"type":"notebook","body":{"title":"UNEP | Natural and Modified Habitat Screening Layer","cells":[{"id":0,"value":"# UNEP | Natural and Modified Habitat Screening Layer","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":113,"value":"_This dataset classifies the global terrestrial land surface into one of four categories: likely Natural, potential Natural, potential Modified, and likely Modified._^*\n\n**Date Published:** 2020","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":54,"value":"map = {\n const container = html`

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