3e:null 3f:["$","title",null,{"children":"CIE 1931 XYZ colour space | Christophe Yamahata | Observable"}] 45:T4d0,

CIE xy chromaticity diagram

The CIE 1931 xy chromaticity diagram is represented in a diagram where y is plotted as a function of x. It is a virtual colour space where all values are positive.

For each colour combination, we have the following relation:
x + y + z = 1.
Therefore, if we provide x and y, the value z becomes redundant and can simply be omitted.

In the following diagram, the spectral wavelengths of monochromatic colours are displayed near their marker. The backround colour is calculated for the sRGB colour space which has its white point located at D65. The solid and dashed triangles represent the CIE RGB and the sRGB colour gamut, respectively. Colours outside these triangles can't be reproduced faithfully for the corresponding subsets of colours.

46:Ta57,CIE_xyplot = Plot.plot({ inset: 20, height: 600, width: 560, grid: true, x: { label: "x →" }, y: { label: "↑ y" }, style: { fontSize: "12px" }, marks: [ Plot.image([{ url: CIE_xy_BKG }], { preserveAspectRatio: "none", x:0.398, y:0.45, height: 554, width: 500, opacity: 0.7, src: "url" }), Plot.ruleX([0]), Plot.ruleY([0]), Plot.dot(selection_xyz, {x: "x", y: "y", marker: "circle-stroke", stroke: color_grey, fill: color_dot, r: 8}), Plot.dot(selection_xyz, {x: 0.313, y: 0.329, marker: "circle-stroke", stroke: "black", fill: "white", r: 5}), Plot.text(CIE_xyz_1nm, {x: 0.313, y: 0.329, text:["D65 \n(White point)"], dx:0, dy:22}), Plot.line(CIE_RGB_gamut, {filter: view_CIE_RGB_gamut==1, x: "x", y: "y", opacity: 0.6}), Plot.dot(CIE_RGB_gamut, {filter: view_CIE_RGB_gamut==1, x: "x", y: "y", marker: "circle-stroke", stroke: "white", fill: "black", r: 5, opacity: 0.6}), Plot.line(sRGB_gamut, {filter: view_sRGB_gamut==1, x: "x", y: "y",strokeDasharray: "6,8"}), Plot.dot(sRGB_gamut, {filter: d => d.wavelength_nm == 465 && view_sRGB_gamut==1, x: "x", y: "y", marker: "circle-stroke", stroke: "white", fill: "blue", r: 5}), Plot.dot(sRGB_gamut, {filter: d => d.wavelength_nm == 550 && view_sRGB_gamut==1, x: "x", y: "y", marker: "circle-stroke", stroke: "white", fill: "green", r: 5}), Plot.dot(sRGB_gamut, {filter: d => d.wavelength_nm == 610 && view_sRGB_gamut==1, x: "x", y: "y", marker: "circle-stroke", stroke: "white", fill: "red", r: 5}), Plot.line(CIE_xyz_1nm, {x: "x", y: "y", curve: "catmull-rom"}), Plot.dot(CIE_xyz_1nm, {filter: d => d.wavelength_nm % 5 === 0 && d.wavelength_nm >= 470 && d.wavelength_nm <=600, x: "x", y: "y", marker: "circle-stroke", stroke: "black", fill: "white"}), Plot.text(CIE_xyz_1nm, {filter: d => d.wavelength_nm == 470, x: "x", y: "y", text: d => `${d.wavelength_nm}`, dx:-20, dy:4}), Plot.text(CIE_xyz_1nm, {filter: d => d.wavelength_nm % 5 === 0 && d.wavelength_nm >= 475 && d.wavelength_nm <=510, x: "x", y: "y", text: d => `${d.wavelength_nm}`, dx:18, dy:-2}), Plot.text(CIE_xyz_1nm, {filter: d => d.wavelength_nm == 515, x: "x", y: "y", text: d => `${d.wavelength_nm}`, dx:-6, dy:-12}), Plot.text(CIE_xyz_1nm, {filter: d => d.wavelength_nm == 520, x: "x", y: "y", text: d => `${d.wavelength_nm}`, dx:0, dy:-12}), Plot.text(CIE_xyz_1nm, {filter: d => d.wavelength_nm % 5 === 0 && d.wavelength_nm >= 525 && d.wavelength_nm <=600, x: "x", y: "y", text: d => `${d.wavelength_nm}`, dx:16, dy:-8}), ] })47:T60b,CIE_rgplot = Plot.plot({ inset: 20, height: 600, width: 730, grid: true, x: { label: "r →" }, y: { label: "↑ g" }, style: { fontSize: "12px" }, marks: [ Plot.image([{ url: CIE_rg_BKG }], { preserveAspectRatio: "none", x:-0.175, y:0.98, height: 512, width: 634, opacity: 0.8, src: "url" }), Plot.ruleX([0]), Plot.ruleY([0]), Plot.dot(selection_rgb, {x: 0.333, y: 0.333, marker: "circle-stroke", stroke: "black", fill: "white", r: 5}), Plot.text(CIE_rgb_1nm, {x: 0.333, y: 0.333, text:["E \n(White point)"], dx:0, dy:22}), Plot.dot(selection_rgb, {x: "r", y: "g", marker: "circle-stroke", stroke: color_grey, fill: color_dot, r: 8}), Plot.line(CIE_rgb_1nm, {x: "r", y: "g", curve: "catmull-rom"}), Plot.dot(CIE_rgb_1nm, {filter: d => d.wavelength_nm % 5 === 0 && d.wavelength_nm >= 470 && d.wavelength_nm <=600, x: "r", y: "g", marker: "circle-stroke", stroke: "black", fill: "white"}), Plot.text(CIE_rgb_1nm, {filter: d => d.wavelength_nm % 5 === 0 && d.wavelength_nm >= 470 && d.wavelength_nm <=505, x: "r", y: "g", text: d => `${d.wavelength_nm}`, dx:-17, dy:7}), Plot.text(CIE_rgb_1nm, {filter: d => d.wavelength_nm == 510, x: "r", y: "g", text: d => `${d.wavelength_nm}`, dx:-6, dy:-14}), Plot.text(CIE_rgb_1nm, {filter: d => d.wavelength_nm % 5 === 0 && d.wavelength_nm >= 515 && d.wavelength_nm <=600, x: "r", y: "g", text: d => `${d.wavelength_nm}`, dx:16, dy:-8}), ] })48:T594,CIE_rgb_bar_plot = Plot.plot({ inset: 20, grid: true, height: 450, width: 750, x: {label: "λ (nm) →"}, y: {label: "↑ Amplitude"}, style: { fontSize: "12px" }, marks: [ Plot.ruleY([0]), Plot.ruleX([wavelength]), Plot.dot(selection_rgb_bar, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "r_bar", fill: color_r, r: 5}), Plot.dot(selection_rgb_bar, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "g_bar", fill: color_g, r: 5}), Plot.dot(selection_rgb_bar, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "b_bar", fill: color_b, r: 5}), Plot.ruleX([435.8], {stroke: color_b, strokeDasharray: "4,3"}), Plot.ruleX([546.1], {stroke: color_g, strokeDasharray: "4,3"}), Plot.ruleX([700], {stroke: color_r, strokeDasharray: "4,3"}), Plot.line(CIE_rgb_bar_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "r_bar", curve: "catmull-rom", stroke: color_r}), Plot.line(CIE_rgb_bar_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "g_bar", curve: "catmull-rom", stroke: color_g}), Plot.line(CIE_rgb_bar_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "b_bar", curve: "catmull-rom", stroke: color_b}), Plot.text(CIE_rgb_bar_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "r_bar", text: ["Red (r-bar)"], fill: color_r, dy:24, dx: 72}), Plot.text(CIE_rgb_bar_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "g_bar", text: ["Green (g-bar)"], fill: color_g, dy:-24, dx:80}), Plot.text(CIE_rgb_bar_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "b_bar", text: ["Blue (b-bar)"], fill: color_b, dy:-56, dx:86}), ] })49:T593,CIE_xyz_bar_plot = Plot.plot({ inset: 20, grid: true, height: 450, width: 750, x: {label: "λ (nm) →"}, y: {label: "↑ Amplitude"}, style: { fontSize: "12px" }, marks: [ Plot.ruleY([0]), Plot.ruleX([wavelength]), Plot.ruleX([435.8], {stroke: color_b, strokeDasharray: "4,3"}), Plot.ruleX([546.1], {stroke: color_g, strokeDasharray: "4,3"}), Plot.ruleX([700], {stroke: color_r, strokeDasharray: "4,3"}), Plot.dot(selection_xyz_bar, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "x_bar", fill: color_r, r: 5}), Plot.dot(selection_xyz_bar, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "y_bar", fill: color_g, r: 5}), Plot.dot(selection_xyz_bar, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "z_bar", fill: color_b, r: 5}), Plot.line(CIE_xyz_bar_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "x_bar", curve: "catmull-rom", stroke: color_r}), Plot.line(CIE_xyz_bar_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "y_bar", curve: "catmull-rom", stroke: color_g}), Plot.line(CIE_xyz_bar_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "z_bar", curve: "catmull-rom", stroke: color_b}), Plot.text(CIE_xyz_bar_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "x_bar", text: ["Red (x-bar)"], fill: color_r, dy:-85, dx: 110}), Plot.text(CIE_xyz_bar_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "y_bar", text: ["Green (y-bar)"], fill: color_g, dy:-215, dx:190}), Plot.text(CIE_xyz_bar_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "z_bar", text: ["Blue (z-bar)"], fill: color_b, dy:-340, dx:40}), ] })4a:T536,CIE_rgb_plot = Plot.plot({ inset: 20, grid: true, height: 450, width: 750, x: {label: "λ (nm) →"}, y: {label: "↑ Amplitude"}, style: { fontSize: "12px" }, marks: [ Plot.ruleY([0]), Plot.ruleX([wavelength]), Plot.ruleX([435.8], {stroke: color_b, strokeDasharray: "4,3"}), Plot.ruleX([546.1], {stroke: color_g, strokeDasharray: "4,3"}), Plot.ruleX([700], {stroke: color_r, strokeDasharray: "4,3"}), Plot.dot(selection_rgb, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "r", fill: color_r, r: 5}), Plot.dot(selection_rgb, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "g", fill: color_g, r: 5}), Plot.dot(selection_rgb, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "b", fill: color_b, r: 5}), Plot.line(CIE_rgb_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "r", curve: "catmull-rom", stroke: color_r}), Plot.line(CIE_rgb_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "g", curve: "catmull-rom", stroke: color_g}), Plot.line(CIE_rgb_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "b", curve: "catmull-rom", stroke: color_b}), Plot.text(CIE_rgb_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "r", text: ["Red (r)"], fill: color_r, dy:-11, dx: 17}), Plot.text(CIE_rgb_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "g", text: ["Green (g)"], fill: color_g, dy:13, dx:24}), Plot.text(CIE_rgb_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "b", text: ["Blue (b)"], fill: color_b, dy:-11, dx:17}), ] })4b:T536,CIE_xyz_plot = Plot.plot({ inset: 20, grid: true, height: 450, width: 750, x: {label: "λ (nm) →"}, y: {label: "↑ Amplitude"}, style: { fontSize: "12px" }, marks: [ Plot.ruleY([0]), Plot.ruleX([wavelength]), Plot.ruleX([435.8], {stroke: color_b, strokeDasharray: "4,3"}), Plot.ruleX([546.1], {stroke: color_g, strokeDasharray: "4,3"}), Plot.ruleX([700], {stroke: color_r, strokeDasharray: "4,3"}), Plot.dot(selection_xyz, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "x", fill: color_r, r: 5}), Plot.dot(selection_xyz, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "y", fill: color_g, r: 5}), Plot.dot(selection_xyz, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "z", fill: color_b, r: 5}), Plot.line(CIE_xyz_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "x", curve: "catmull-rom", stroke: color_r}), Plot.line(CIE_xyz_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "y", curve: "catmull-rom", stroke: color_g}), Plot.line(CIE_xyz_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "z", curve: "catmull-rom", stroke: color_b}), Plot.text(CIE_xyz_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "x", text: ["Red (x)"], fill: color_r, dy:-11, dx: 17}), Plot.text(CIE_xyz_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "y", text: ["Green (y)"], fill: color_g, dy:13, dx:24}), Plot.text(CIE_xyz_1nm, {x: "wavelength_nm", y: "z", text: ["Blue (z)"], fill: color_b, dy:-11, dx:17}), ] 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43:{"id":"dfb9498997c84a28","slug":"cie-1931-xy-chromaticity-diagram","title":"CIE 1931 XYZ colour space","thumbnail":"856f7a985b1fd17e1ba88691952cdd9ea65acf2847ec34fae186e8a2bf66c388","access_level":"public","create_time":"$D2022-06-26T08:28:50.836Z","update_time":"$D2026-09-05T16:22:56.481Z","view_time":null,"first_public_time":"$D2022-06-26T20:21:39.043Z","has_unpublished_edits":null,"fork":true,"stars":4,"starred":false,"owner":{"type":"team","id":"dd67891d326bcfb1","login":"christophe-yamahata","name":"Christophe Yamahata","avatar_url":"https://avatars-next.observableusercontent.com/8256ac716aa8395babba412b2835913d186874fa4190df57a4a28f2e60129876","tier":"starter_2024","bio":""},"version":1738,"publish_version":1738,"role":null,"authored":false,"authors":[{"type":"individual","id":"06f083eba60f5a76","login":"christophe-yamahata","name":"Christophe 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space","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1659,"value":"

The CIE 1931 colour spaces were the first standardised systems to establish a quantitative link between the energetic distribution of electromagnetic radiations in the visible spectrum and the colours physiologically perceived by the average human eye.\n

The CIE 1931 RGB colour space and the CIE 1931 XYZ colour space were created in 1931 by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE, French acronyme for Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage).\n

They resulted from a series of experiments completed independently in the late 1920s by William David Wright (Imperial College, London, UK) and John Guild (NPL, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK). Their experimental results were combined by Guild to form the specifications of the CIE RGB colour space, from which the CIE XYZ colour space was derived.\n

CIE rg chromaticity diagram

\n The CIE rg colour space is represented in a diagram where g is plotted as a function of r.\n In the following diagram, the corresponding wavelengths are displayed near their marker.\n

Colour matching functions

\n
\n

CIE r g b colour matching functions

CIE x y z colour matching functions

CIE rgb colour coordinates

CIE xyz colour coordinates

Useful reference

","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"html","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1713,"value":"Technical note: [Human vision and the CIE chromaticity diagram](http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31371.30242), idonus Sàrl, March 2024.\n[DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.31371.30242](http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31371.30242) \n*Document written by C. Yamahata.*","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":350,"value":"---\n## Appendix","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":984,"value":"color_r = \"#FF2424\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":986,"value":"color_g = \"#70AD47\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":990,"value":"color_b = \"#4472C4\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1215,"value":"color_dot = \"#b935d5\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1218,"value":"color_grey = \"#b0b0b0\"","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1327,"value":"CIE_rg_BKG = FileAttachment(\"CIE_rg_BKG.png\").url()","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1357,"value":"CIE_xy_BKG = FileAttachment(\"CIE_xy_sRGB_BKG.png\").url()","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":490,"value":"CIE_RGB_to_XYZ = math.multiply([[0.49, 0.17697, 0], [0.31,\t0.8124,\t0.01], [0.2,\t0.01063,\t0.99]],5.6508)\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":594,"value":"CIE_XYZ_to_RGB = math.inv(CIE_RGB_to_XYZ)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":341,"value":"C_RGB = [[1.27499, -0.27777, 0.00278], [-1.7393, 2.76697, -0.02767], [-0.7431, 0.14090, 1.6022]]","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":69,"value":"C_XYZ = math.multiply(C_RGB,CIE_RGB_to_XYZ)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":680,"value":"CIE_rgb_bar_1nm = FileAttachment(\"CIE1931_rgb_bar_1nm.csv\").csv({typed: true})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":821,"value":"CIE_rgb_bar_1nm_data = {\n let A = []\n for (let i = 0; i < CIE_rgb_bar_1nm.length; i++) {\n A[i] = [CIE_rgb_bar_1nm[i].r_bar ,CIE_rgb_bar_1nm[i].g_bar ,CIE_rgb_bar_1nm[i].b_bar]\n }\n return A\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1251,"value":"CIE_rgb_bar_1nm_array = {\n let A = []\n for (let i = 0; i < CIE_rgb_bar_1nm_data.length; i++) {\n A[i] = [CIE_rgb_bar_1nm[i].wavelength_nm, CIE_rgb_bar_1nm_data[i][0] ,CIE_rgb_bar_1nm_data[i][1],CIE_rgb_bar_1nm_data[i][2]]\n } \n return A\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1256,"value":"CIE_rgb_1nm_array = {\n let A = []\n for (let i = 0; i < CIE_rgb_bar_1nm_data.length; i++) {\n A[i] = [CIE_rgb_bar_1nm[i].wavelength_nm, CIE_rgb_bar_1nm_data[i][0]/(CIE_rgb_bar_1nm_data[i][0]+CIE_rgb_bar_1nm_data[i][1]+CIE_rgb_bar_1nm_data[i][2]) ,CIE_rgb_bar_1nm_data[i][1]/(CIE_rgb_bar_1nm_data[i][0]+CIE_rgb_bar_1nm_data[i][1]+CIE_rgb_bar_1nm_data[i][2]),CIE_rgb_bar_1nm_data[i][2]/(CIE_rgb_bar_1nm_data[i][0]+CIE_rgb_bar_1nm_data[i][1]+CIE_rgb_bar_1nm_data[i][2])]\n } \n return A\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1248,"value":"CIE_rgb_1nm = Array.from(CIE_rgb_1nm_array, (_, i) => ({\n wavelength_nm: CIE_rgb_1nm_array[i][0],\n r: CIE_rgb_1nm_array[i][1],\n g: CIE_rgb_1nm_array[i][2],\n b: CIE_rgb_1nm_array[i][3],\n}))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":839,"value":"CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_data = math.transpose(math.multiply(math.transpose(CIE_RGB_to_XYZ),math.transpose(CIE_rgb_bar_1nm_data)))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":869,"value":"CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_array = {\n let A = []\n for (let i = 0; i < CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_data.length; i++) {\n A[i] = [CIE_rgb_bar_1nm[i].wavelength_nm, CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_data[i][0] ,CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_data[i][1],CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_data[i][2]]\n } \n return A\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1119,"value":"CIE_xyz_1nm_array = {\n let A = []\n for (let i = 0; i < CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_data.length; i++) {\n A[i] = [CIE_rgb_bar_1nm[i].wavelength_nm, CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_data[i][0]/(CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_data[i][0]+CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_data[i][1]+CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_data[i][2]) ,CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_data[i][1]/(CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_data[i][0]+CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_data[i][1]+CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_data[i][2]),CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_data[i][2]/(CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_data[i][0]+CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_data[i][1]+CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_data[i][2])]\n } \n return A\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":955,"value":"CIE_xyz_bar_1nm = Array.from(CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_array, (_, i) => ({\n wavelength_nm: CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_array[i][0],\n x_bar: CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_array[i][1],\n y_bar: CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_array[i][2],\n z_bar: CIE_xyz_bar_1nm_array[i][3],\n}))\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1122,"value":"CIE_xyz_1nm = Array.from(CIE_xyz_1nm_array, (_, i) => ({\n wavelength_nm: CIE_xyz_1nm_array[i][0],\n x: CIE_xyz_1nm_array[i][1],\n y: CIE_xyz_1nm_array[i][2],\n z: CIE_xyz_1nm_array[i][3],\n}))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1542,"value":"CIE_RGB_gamut_array = [[700,0.7347,0.2653,0],[546.1, \t0.2738, 0.7174, 0.0088], [435.8, 0.1666,\t0.0089, 0.8245], [700,0.7347,0.2653,0]]","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1544,"value":"CIE_RGB_gamut = Array.from(CIE_RGB_gamut_array, (_, i) => ({\n wavelength_nm: CIE_RGB_gamut_array[i][0],\n x: CIE_RGB_gamut_array[i][1],\n y: CIE_RGB_gamut_array[i][2],\n z: CIE_RGB_gamut_array[i][3],\n}))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1414,"value":"sRGB_gamut_array = [[610, 0.64,\t0.33,\t0.01], [550,0.3,\t0.6, 0.1],[465, 0.15,\t0.06,\t0.79],[610, 0.64,\t0.33,\t0.01]]","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1418,"value":"sRGB_gamut = Array.from(sRGB_gamut_array, (_, i) => ({\n wavelength_nm: sRGB_gamut_array[i][0],\n x: sRGB_gamut_array[i][1],\n y: sRGB_gamut_array[i][2],\n z: sRGB_gamut_array[i][3],\n}))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":410,"value":"// Adapted from https://observablehq.com/@tonyhschu/linear-algebra-homework-matrix-matrix-multiplication\ntexMatrix = (m) => {\n const mt = math.transpose(m)\n const values = mt.valueOf()\n const string = values.map((row) => {\n return row.map((d) => (Math.round(d * 1000000) / 1000000).toFixed(6)).join(' & ')\n 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wrapper\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":381,"value":"*Library **math.js** loaded on Observable (see 'File attachment' in the 'Data pane').\nSource code 'math.min.js' is available here: https://unpkg.com/mathjs@5.0.1/dist/math.min.js*","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"md","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"","database":"$undefined"},{"id":379,"value":"//math = require(URL.createObjectURL(mathMin))\nimport * as math from \"npm:mathjs\"","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ts","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","tool":"$undefined","providerMetadata":"$undefined","attachments":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":371,"value":"mathMin = 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