2d:null 2e:["$","title",null,{"children":"Digital Design - Lab Report | Leonard Pauli | Observable"}] 33:T42a,md` During the course in Digital Design, we performed mainly four labs, starting with an introduction to transistors, how to construct logic gates with them using truth-tables, on/off-sets, boolean algebra with Product of Sums (POS) and Sum of Products (SOP). Thereafter, we looked into Combinational Logic (CL) using multiple logic gates to implement any truth-table more succinctly, followed by the introduction of Sequential logic, using flip-flops triggered by clocks to store state, and other digital building blocks, like Read-Only Memories (ROMs) using diods, binary counters, and demuxes. This report contains some of the calculations used to derrive some requested circuits in these areas, along with images of the finished circuits. *(Note: The report was written in observablehq.com, an interactive, javascript based, notebook. By visiting the canonical link, you may edit the input data (eg. DOB), and see how some of the calculations auto-update. Thus, the report format is more of a flow of calculations with intermixed code than a wall of text.)* `34:T43b,svg` `35:Tdf5,svg` `36:T27a9,svg` ` 37:T798,circuitBuild = fn=> { const circuit = {nodes: [], edges: []} const nodeTypesHisto = {} const nodesAdd = ({type, id = `_${type}_${nodeTypesHisto[type] || 0}`, ...opt})=> { const n = {type, id, ...opt} circuit.nodes.push(n) nodeTypesHisto[type] = (nodeTypesHisto[type] || 0) + 1 return n } const edgesAdd = ({a, b})=> circuit.edges.push({a, b}) const defaultOutputPortIdFromNode = n=> { const nt = circuitBuild_node_types_map[n.type] const op = nt.ports.slice().reverse().find(p=> p.direction != 'input') || nt.ports[0] return `${n.id}_${op.id}` } const portIdFromInput = input=> { if (typeof input === 'object') { const n = input return defaultOutputPortIdFromNode(n) } if (typeof input === 'string') { const n = circuit.nodes.find(n=> n.id === input.id) if (n) return defaultOutputPortIdFromNode(n) // WARN: check it's a valid port id const portId = input return portId } throw new Error(`unknown portIdFromInput ${input}`) } const c = {} const connectEdge = (node, portType)=> input=> { const a = portIdFromInput(input) const b = `${node.id}_${portType.id}` ; portType.direction === 'input'? edgesAdd({a, b}): edgesAdd({a: b, b: a}) } circuitBuild_node_types.map(t=> [t, (...inputs)=> { const n = nodesAdd({type: t.id}) const inputslen = Math.min(inputs.length, t.ports.length) if (inputslen > t.ports.length) throw new Error( `circuitBuild ${n.id} inputslen (${inputslen}) > outputs (${t.ports.length})`) t.ports.slice(0, inputslen).map((portType, i)=> connectEdge(n, portType)(inputs[i])) return n }]).map(([t, fn])=> c[t.id] = fn) c.input = id=> nodesAdd({type: 'input', id}) c.output = (id, ...inputs)=> { const n = nodesAdd({type: 'output', id}) const t = circuitBuild_node_types_map['output'] const pt = t.ports[0] inputs.map(connectEdge(n, pt)) return n } c.label = name=> nodesAdd({type: 'label', name}) fn(c) return circuit }38:T781,circuitToYosys = circuit=> { const edges_groups = [] circuit.edges.map(e=> { const aIdx = edges_groups.findIndex(g=> g.has(e.a)) const bIdx = edges_groups.findIndex(g=> g.has(e.b)) const aHas = aIdx != -1 const bHas = bIdx != -1 if (aHas) { const aSet = edges_groups[aIdx] if (bHas) { const bSet = edges_groups.splice(bIdx, 1)[0] bSet.forEach(bx=> aSet.add(bx)) } else { aSet.add(e.b) } } else if (bHas) { const bSet = edges_groups[bIdx] bSet.add(e.a) } else { edges_groups.push(new Set([e.a, e.b])) } }) const bitNrWithPortId = portId=> { const groupIdx = edges_groups.findIndex(g=> g.has(portId)) const bitNrStart = 2 const noGroup = groupIdx === -1 if (noGroup) { // throw new Error(`no group found containing port ${portId}`) const groupIdxNew = edges_groups.push(new Set([portId])) const bitNr = bitNrStart+groupIdxNew return bitNr } const bitNr = bitNrStart+groupIdx return bitNr } const ports = circuit.nodes .filter(n=> n.type === 'input' || n.type === 'output') .map(n=> [n.id, { direction: {input: 'input', output: 'output'}[n.type] || (()=> {throw new Error(`unexpected port type ${n.type}`)}), bits: [bitNrWithPortId(`${n.id}_${circuitBuild_node_types_map[n.type].ports[0].id}`)], }]) const cells = circuit.nodes .filter(n=> n.type !== 'input' && n.type !== 'output') .map(n=> { const nt = circuitBuild_node_types_map[n.type] const cell = { type: nt.yosys, port_directions: objectFromEntries(nt.ports.map(p=> [p.yosys, p.direction || 'input'])), connections: objectFromEntries(nt.ports.map(p=> [p.yosys, [ bitNrWithPortId(`${n.id}_${p.id}`), ]])), } return [n.id, cell] }) const module = { ports: objectFromEntries(ports), cells: objectFromEntries(cells), netnames: {} } const yosysCircuit = {modules: {_1: module}} return yosysCircuit }39:T485,circuitBuild_node_types_own = [{ id: 'label', yosys: 'label', ports: [{id: 'out', direction: 'output', yosys: 'A'}], }, { id: 'input', ports: [{id: 'out', direction: 'output', yosys: 'A'}], }, { id: 'output', ports: [{id: 'in', direction: 'input', yosys: 'A'}], }, { ...circuitBuild_node_types_netlist.find(a=> a.id==='gnd'), id: 'low', }, { ...circuitBuild_node_types_netlist.find(a=> a.id==='vcc'), id: 'high', }, { id: 'nand', yosys: '$nand', ports: [ {id: 'a', direction: 'input', yosys: 'A'}, {id: 'b', direction: 'input', yosys: 'B'}, {id: 'y', direction: 'output', yosys: 'Y'}, ], }, { id: 'not', yosys: '$not', ports: [ {id: 'a', direction: 'input', yosys: 'A'}, {id: 'y', direction: 'output', yosys: 'Y'}, ], }, { id: 'and', yosys: '$and', ports: [ {id: 'a', direction: 'input', yosys: 'A'}, {id: 'b', direction: 'input', yosys: 'B'}, {id: 'y', direction: 'output', yosys: 'Y'}, ], }, { id: 'mux', yosys: '$pmux', ports: [ {id: 's', direction: 'input', yosys: 'S'}, {id: 'a', direction: 'input', yosys: 'A'}, {id: 'b', direction: 'input', yosys: 'B'}, {id: 'y', direction: 'output', yosys: 'Y'}, ], }]3a:T54d4,netlistSkinOriginalComponents = ({ // power vcc: ` name `, vee: ` name `, gnd: ` name `, // signal inputExt: ` input `, outputExt: ` output `, // passives resistor_h: ` X1 Xk `, resistor_v: ` X1 Xk `, capacitor_h: ` X1 Xu `, capacitor_v: ` X1 Xu `, inductor_h: ` X1 XpF `, inductor_v: ` X1 XpF `, // sources voltage_source: ` X1 XV `, current_source: ` X1 XA `, // diodes diode_h: ` X1 `, diode_v: ` X1 `, diode_schottky_h: ` X1 // schottky `, diode_schottky_v: ` X1 // schottky `, diode_led_h: ` X1 // led `, diode_led_v: ` X1 // led `, // transistors transistor_npn: ` X1 // npn `, transistor_pnp: ` X1 // pnp `, // builtin generic: ` generic out0 out1 in0 in1 `, // misc opamp: ` X1 `, xtal: ` X1 `, transformer_1p_1s: ` X1 `, // Digital Electronics mux: ` `, // and and: ` `, nand: ` `, // or or: ` `, reduce_nor: ` `, // xor reduce_xor: ` `, reduce_nxor: ` `, // buffer not: ` `, add: ` `, sub: ` `, eq: ` `, dff: ` `, inputExt: ` input `, constant: ` constant `, outputExt: ` output `, split: ` hi:lo hi:lo `, join: ` hi:lo hi:lo `, generic: ` generic out0 out1 in0 in1 `, })3b:T5f8,netlistCustomSkin = (()=> { // initial properties by netlist const useAnalog = false const propertiesTxt = useAnalog ? 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\n*KTH, IE1205 CELTE HT19-1*\n
\n*Canonical link: https://observablehq.com/@leonardpauli/digital-design-lab-report*\n`//https://observablehq.com/d/d020b143d0bb7a9a","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":145,"value":"$33","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1537,"value":"a = 8","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1538,"value":"html`${a*7}`","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":13,"value":"md`\n---\n## Module 1: From Zero to One\nGoal: Implement small truth-tables (ie. logic gates) with MOSFETs as basic building blocks.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":22,"value":"md`### Schematics for an inverter using MOSFETs`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":60,"value":"table(truthTable('01'), {head: 'a,y'})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":67,"value":"pre`\non-set (vcc): !a\noff-set (gnd): a\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":87,"value":"md`#### Circuit`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":90,"value":"code(`\n// on-set: pmos opens access to positive / vcc on inverted input\npmos.source - vcc\npmos.gate - a\npmos.drain - y\n\n// off-set: nmos opens access to negative / gnd on input\nnmos.drain - y\nnmos.gate - a\nnmos.source - gnd\n\n// both share output and input\n`)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":739,"value":"$34","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":110,"value":"md`### Schematics for a two input CMOS AND gate`\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":930,"value":"table(truthTable('1000'), {head: 'ba,and_out'})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":936,"value":"md`\nImplement it using a *nand* and a *not*\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":933,"value":"circuitShow(c=> {\n const nand_out = c.nand(c.input('b'), c.input('a'))\n c.output('and_out', c.not(nand_out))\n})","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":112,"value":"code(`\n// output\ny - led - r{470ohm} - gnd\n\n// a, b input\na.off - r{10k.ohm} - gnd; a.on - vcc\nb.off - r{10k.ohm} - gnd; b.on - vcc\n\n// invert\npmos_neg.source - vcc\npmos_neg.gate - nand_out\npmos_neg.drain - y\nnmos_neg.drain - y\nnmos_neg.gate - nand_out\nnmos_neg.source - gnd\n\n// nand\n`)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":114,"value":"table(truthTable('0111'), {head: 'ba,nand_out'})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":118,"value":"pre`\non-set (vcc): !b+!a\noff-set (gnd): b*a\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":109,"value":"code(`\n// on-set\npmos_nand_b.source - vcc\npmos_nand_b.gate - b\npmos_nand_b.drain - nand_out\npmos_nand_a.source - vcc\npmos_nand_a.gate - a\npmos_nand_a.drain - nand_out\n\n// off-set\nnmos_nand_b.drain - nand_out\nnmos_nand_b.gate - b\nnmos_nand_b.source - nmos_nand_a.drain\nnmos_nand_a.gate - a\nnmos_nand_a.source - gnd\n`)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":767,"value":"$35","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":124,"value":"md`### Photo of working breadboard circuit`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":812,"value":"md`
\n\n
Image 1559..1562, showcasing the breadboard circuit matching the truth-table for an AND gate
\n
`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":123,"value":"md`*(a version of this has been approved by a lab assistant)*`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":841,"value":"md`\n---\n## Module 2: Combinational Logic (CL) Design\n\nGoal: Implement any kind of truth-table using logic gates as basic building blocks.\n\n### 16 output bits from Date-of-Birth (DOB)\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":854,"value":"dob = new Date('December 16, 1997')","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":860,"value":"year = {\n const firstDigit = nr=> nr-Math.floor(nr/10)*10\n return firstDigit(dob.getFullYear())\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":866,"value":"month = dob.getMonth()+1","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":870,"value":"fixed = 1","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":873,"value":"day = dob.getDate()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":879,"value":"sequenceParts = [[year, 4], [month, 4], [fixed, 3], [day, 5]]\n .map(([nr, places])=> toBinaryString(nr, places))","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":893,"value":"sequence = sequenceParts.join('')","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":842,"value":"code(`\ninput: q.(3..0) # q.3, q.2, q.1, q.0\n\t# position in DOB sequence, LSB to MSB\n\t# indicates position in sequence\n\t# eg. 0000 -> 0 -> LSB // in day part\n\t# eg. 1111 -> 15 -> MSB // in year part\noutput: sequence bit # YDOB = f(q3, q2, q1, q0)\n`, 'yaml')","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":850,"value":"table(truthTable(sequence), {head: ['(q3, q2, q1, q0)', 'YDOB'], code: true})","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":910,"value":"code(truthTable16ToKMap(sequence))","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":913,"value":"code(`\nSOP = q2*!q1 + q1*!q0*q3 + q1*q0*q3*!q2\n\n// Simplify expression\nq1*(!q0*q3 + q0*q3*!q2) + !q1*(q2)\nq1 ? (!q0*q3 + q0*q3*!q2) : q2\nq1 ? q3*(!q0 + q0*!q2) : q2\nq1 ? q3*(q0*!q2 + !q0*1) : q2\nq1 ? q3*(q0 ? !q2 : 1) : q2\n`)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":968,"value":"// verify\nsequence === sequenceFromF16Str( (q0, q1, q2, q3)=> q1 ? q3*(q0 ? !q2 : 1) : q2 )","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1052,"value":"sequence","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":987,"value":"md`### Schematics`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":989,"value":"code(`// q1 ? q3*(q0 ? !q2 : 1) : q2`)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":991,"value":"md`#### Break it down into parts`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":986,"value":"code(`\nYDOB: q1 ? a : q2\na: q3*b\nb: q0 ? d : 1\nd: !q2\n`)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":994,"value":"md`#### Rewrite as gates`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1001,"value":"circuitShow(dobCircuitBuilder1)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1044,"value":"dobCircuitBuilder1 = ({input, output, high, not, mux, and, nand})=> {\n const [q0, q1, q2, q3] = ['q0', 'q1', 'q2', 'q3'].map(input),\n HIGH = high(),\n d = not(q2),\n b = mux(q0, HIGH, d),\n a = and(q3, b),\n YDOB = mux(q1, q2, a)\n output('YDOB', YDOB)\n}","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1050,"value":"sequence === sequenceFromF16Str((...input)=> circuitRunDigital(dobCircuitBuilder1, input)[0])","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1015,"value":"md`#### Only using muxes + nands`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1010,"value":"circuitShow(dobCircuitBuilder)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1008,"value":"// -> 2*mux + 3*nand\ndobCircuitBuilder = ({input, output, high, not, mux, and, nand})=> {\n const [q0, q1, q2, q3] = ['q0', 'q1', 'q2', 'q3'].map(input),\n HIGH = high(),\n d = nand(q2, q2),\n b = mux(q0, HIGH, d),\n a1 = nand(q3, b),\n a = nand(a1, a1),\n YDOB = mux(q1, q2, a)\n output('YDOB', YDOB)\n}","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1024,"value":"// verify\nsequence === sequenceFromF16Str((...input)=> circuitRunDigital(dobCircuitBuilder, input)[0])","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1061,"value":"md`### Photo of working breadboard circuit`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1065,"value":"md`
\n\n
Image 1567, showcasing a breadboard circuit implementing a version of the CL from above.
\n
`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1067,"value":"md`*(a version of this has been approved by a lab assistant)*`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1093,"value":"md`\n---\n## Module 3: Sequential Logic Design\nGoal: Use CL in combination with state/memory to create a *Finite State Machine* (FSM), as an introduction to sequential logic\n`\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1095,"value":"md`### FSM to be built: \"dec 16, v15\"`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1127,"value":"fsm_transitions = ({\n\t'00': {\n\t\t'b': '00',\n\t\t'!b*a': '01',\n\t\t'!b*!a': '10',\n\t},\n\t'01': {\n\t\t'a': '11',\n\t\t'!a': '00',\n\t},\n\t'10': {\n\t\t'b*!a': '10',\n\t\t'b*a': '01',\n\t\t'!b': '00',\n\t},\n\t'11': {\n\t\t'b*a': '11',\n\t\t'!b*!a': '00',\n\t\t'b*!a+!b*a': '10',\n\t},\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1108,"value":"drawFSM(fsm_transitions)","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1543,"value":"dot`digraph lol { a->b; }`","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1200,"value":"md`### Derive CL for FSM`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1249,"value":"fsm_truth_table = truthTableFromFsmTransitions(fsm_transitions, ['b', 'a'])","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1205,"value":"table(fsm_truth_table, {head: ['state (q1, q0)', 'input (b, a)', 'state.next (q1, q0)']})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1232,"value":"fsm_sequence_q = transpose(fsm_truth_table.map(([_, ba, q1q0])=> q1q0.split(''))).map(s=> s.reverse().join('')).reverse()","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1267,"value":"code(`// k-maps\\n\\n`+fsm_sequence_q.map((s, i)=> `q${i}:\\n${truthTable16ToKMap(s, 'a,b,q0,q1'.split(','))}`).reverse().join('\\n\\n'))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1289,"value":"md`\n#### Simplify expression & rewrite for available hardware components\nBecause the two mux IC's I had used a single select for four 2-input muxes, I tried to reuse them in both q1 and q0 CL. Furthermore, I only had breadboard space for two more IC's, so I settled with 2x 4-2input-nands.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1297,"value":"code(`\n// q1\nSOP: !q1*!q0*!b*!a + q0*a + q1*b*!a\na*q0 + !a*(!q1*!q0*!b + q1*b)\na ? q0 : (!q1*!q0*!b + q1*b)\na ? q0 : (q1 ? b : !q0*!b)\na ? q0 : (q1 ? b : !!(!q0*!b))\n-> mux{a}, mux{q1}, 4x nands\n`)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1303,"value":"// verify\nsequenceFromF16Str((a, b, q0, q1)=> a ? q0 : (q1 ? b : !!(!q0*!b))) == fsm_sequence_q[1]","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1321,"value":"code(`\n// q0\nSOP: !q1*!b*a + !(!q1*!q0)*b*a\na*(!q1*!b + !(!q1*!q0)*b)\na*(!q1*!b + q1*b + q0*b)\na*(!q1*!b + q1*b + (!q1+q1)*q0*b)\na*(!q1*(!b+q0*b) + q1*(b+q0*b))\na*(q1 ? (b+q0*b) : (!b+q0*b))\na ? (q1 ? (b+q0*b) : (!b+q0*b)) : 0\na ? (q1 ? b : !(b*!(q0*b)) ) : 0\n-> mux{a}, mux{q1}, 2x nands\n`)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1324,"value":"// verify\nsequenceFromF16Str((a, b, q0, q1)=> a ? (q1 ? b : !(b*!(q0*b)) ) : 0) == fsm_sequence_q[0]","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1327,"value":"// using de morgans law;\nsequenceFromFStr((a, b)=> a+b, 4) == sequenceFromFStr((a, b)=> !(!a*!b), 4)","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1338,"value":"pre`-> total IC's: mux{a} (2 of 4), mux{q1} (2 of 4), nand (4 of 4), nand (2 of 4)`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1348,"value":"md`### Draw schematics for CL`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1351,"value":"code(`\n// q1next: a ? q0 : (q1 ? b : !!(!q0*!b))\nq1next = mux(a, q0, _1)\n_1 = mux(q1, b, _2)\n_2 = nand(_3, _3)\n_3 = nand(n_q0, n_b)\nn_q0 = nand(q0, q0)\nn_b = nand(b, b)\n\n// q0next: a ? (q1 ? b : !(b*!(q0*b)) ) : 0\nq0next = mux(a, _4, 0)\n_4 = mux(q1, b, _5)\n_5 = nand(b, _6)\n_6 = nand(q0, b)\n`)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1357,"value":"// q1 + q0 circuit combined into one\nfsm_circuit_builder = ({input, nand, and, not, mux, output, high, low})=> {\n const [a, b, q0, q1] = 'a, b, q0, q1'.split(', ').map(input),\n LOW = low(),\n \n n_b = nand(b, b),\n n_q0 = nand(q0, q0),\n\n _6 = nand(q0, b),\n _5 = nand(b, _6),\n\n _3 = nand(n_q0, n_b),\n _2 = nand(_3, _3),\n\n _4 = mux(q1, _5, b),\n _1 = mux(q1, _2, b),\n\n q0next = mux(a, LOW, _4),\n q1next = mux(a, _1, q0)\n \n output('q0next', q0next)\n output('q1next', q1next)\n}","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1359,"value":"circuitShow(fsm_circuit_builder)","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1377,"value":"// verify\nfsm_sequence_q.map((s, i)=> s == sequenceFromF16Str(\n (...input)=> circuitRunDigital(fsm_circuit_builder, input)[i]))","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1427,"value":"md`### Draw schematics for FSM with CL`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1430,"value":"pre(`\ninput: b, a\n(q1, q0): memory{clock}(q1next, q0next)\n(q1next, q0next): CL(q1, q0, b, a)\noutput(q1, q0)\n--\na, b: push button with pull-down resistor\noutput: LEDs\nCL: see Combinational Logic above\nclock: debounced push button (using pull-up resistor + pull-up capacitor connected to nand (other input high) with schmitt-trigger)\nmemory: DFF (74HC174, 8x D-FlipFlop in one (latches data bit on D-input pin to Q-output pin on clock rising edge))\n`)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1448,"value":"$36","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1464,"value":"md`### Photo of working breadboard circuit\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1463,"value":"md`
\n\n
Image 3367+3368, showcasing a breadboard circuit implementing a version of the FSM from above.
\n
`\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1467,"value":"md`*(has been approved by a lab assistant)*`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1474,"value":"md`\n---\n## Module 4: Digital Building Blocks\nGoal: Show that multiple smaller digital circuits and analog cicuits may be used as \"building blocks\" to create larger circuits. \n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1476,"value":"md`### Part 1: Build a ROM with diodes and a demux\n- External output datalines comes from inverted internal datalines that\nare pulled high, and conditionally forced low with connection to a low line.\n- This conditonal connection is made using diodes (one-directional), to not\ninterfere with other connections reusing the same internal dataline.\n- The diodes are connected to the demux output lines which are kept high\n(thus \"stopped\" by the diode(s)) until selected (using demux input / address),\nat which the internal dataline is conditionally pulled low.\n- The data is thus \"hardwired\" using the diodes, thus creating a read-only memory.\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1472,"value":"md`### Part 2: Connect ROM to 7-segment display through decoder IC and make the address auto-increment\n- An \"astable multivibrator\" (auto-triggered flipflops by interconnect\nthem with electrolyte capacitors) was used to generate the clock pulse, passed\nthrough a binary counter to get an auto-incremented address (using the MSB's\ninstead of LSB's to shift down the speed).\n- Opted to encode letters instead for numbers (more fun) + used a mux to to\nswitch between using display decoder output of address or ROM output as input to display,\nthus showing profficiency in all required methods, with the more interesting result of\nhaving the display write \"LEO 4567\" repeatedly, than just some numbers.\n\n*(all other circuitry show on image was to enable other modes, eg. switch between three\ndifferent types of clocks (astable multivibrator, one using schmitt-trigger, manual push button),\n(selected using a 2-bit shift-register with custom built d-latches),\nor add/subtract numbers using two's complement)*\n`\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1480,"value":"md`### Photo of working breadboard circuit\n`\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1482,"value":"md`
\n\n
Image 1577, showcasing a breadboard circuit using, among other, the 7-segment display decoder.
\n
`\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1479,"value":"md`
\n\n
Image \"1587 1\", showcasing a breadboard circuit using, among other, a custom ROM driving the 7-segment display to show the letter \"O\" in \"LEO\"
\n
`\n","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1485,"value":"md`*(a version of this has been approved by a lab assistant)*`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1498,"value":"md`\n---\n## Final words\nI found the subject of digital design quite fun and interesting. In addition to the course material and presentations, I found a lot of value from Ben Eaters video series on [Building an 8-bit breadboard computer!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyznrdDSSGM&list=PLowKtXNTBypGqImE405J2565dvjafglHU), which also doubled as a great segue into the \"Introduction to Computer Systems Engineering\" course (based on [nand2tetris.org](https://www.nand2tetris.org/course)).\n\nI especially enjoy \"learning by doing\"/playing/experimentation/projects, and the intersection of creativity and logic, which certainly was ticked by these labs.\n\n**Thanks for an enjoyable course!**\n
\n*// Leonard Pauli*\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":146,"value":"md`\n---\n\n## Appendix`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1493,"value":"md`To support the presentation and calculations in this lab report, a couple javascript functions was created, ranging from printing a k-map from a truth-table sequence, to a custom DSL to describe simple digital circuits with associated functions to run them (show their truth-table) and render their circuit diagrams (partly using an external library).`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":952,"value":"range = n=> Array(n).fill().map((_, i)=> i)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":53,"value":"table = (rows, {head = null, code = false} = {})=> {\n const _head = typeof head==='string'? head.split(/, ?/): head || []\n const tdstyle = code ? 'font-family: monospace;': ''\n return html`\n ${_head.length? `${_head.map(cell=> ``).join('')}` : ''}\n ${rows.map(row=> `${row.map(cell=> ``).join('')}`).join('')}\n
${cell}
${cell}
`\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":81,"value":"pre = t=> html`
${t}
`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":102,"value":"code = (t, lang='js')=> md`\\`\\`\\`${lang}\n${t.trim()}\n\\`\\`\\``","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":267,"value":"objectFromEntries = xs=> xs.reduce((o, [k, v])=> (o[k] = v, o), {})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":543,"value":"index_on_key = (key, xs)=> xs.reduce((o, v)=> (o[v[key]] = v, o), {})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":830,"value":"truthTable = sequence=> {\n const digits = Math.ceil(Math.log2(sequence.length))\n const pre = Array(digits).fill('0').join('')\n return Array(sequence.length).fill().map((_, i)=> [\n (pre+i.toString(2)).substr(-1*digits),\n sequence[sequence.length-1-i],\n ])\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":880,"value":"toBinaryString = (nr, places)=> (Array(places).fill('0').join('')+nr.toString(2)).substr(-1*places)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":907,"value":"truthTable16ToKMap = (sequence, titles='q0,q1,q2,q3'.split(','))=> {\n\tlet t = `// (${titles[3]}, ${titles[2]}) \\\\ (${titles[1]}, ${titles[0]})`\n\tconst order = [[0, 0], [1, 0], [1, 1], [0, 1]] // [q0, q1]\n\tt += '\\n \\\\ '+order.map(bits=> bits.slice().reverse().join('')).join(' ')\n\tt += '\\n' + order.map(bitsBig=> bitsBig.slice().reverse().join('')\n\t\t+' '+order.map(bitsLittle=> {\n\t\t\tconst bits = [...bitsLittle, ...bitsBig].reverse()\n\t\t\tconst position = parseInt(bits.join(''), 2)\n\t\t\treturn sequence[sequence.length-1-position]\n\t\t}).join(' ')).join('\\n')\n\treturn t\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":949,"value":"expandBitTable = (rows = 16, digits = Math.ceil(Math.log2(rows)))=> range(rows)\n .map(i=> range(digits).map(p=> (i&Math.pow(2, p)) && 1))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":951,"value":"sequenceFromF = (f, rows)=> expandBitTable(rows).map(q=> f.apply(null, q)*1)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":964,"value":"sequenceFromF16 = f=> sequenceFromF(f, Math.pow(2, 4))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":978,"value":"sequenceFromF16Str = f=> sequenceFromF16(f).reverse().join('')","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1330,"value":"sequenceFromFStr = (f, rows)=> sequenceFromF(f, rows).map(a=> a?1:0).reverse().join('')","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1141,"value":"// drawFSM({'00': {'a': '00', 'b': '01'}, '01': {'*': '00'}}, {startKey: '00'})\ndrawFSM = (fsm, {startKey, endKey} = {})=> dot`\ndigraph fsm {\n rankdir=LR;\n \n ${Object.keys(fsm).map(k=> `node [shape=${k==endKey? 'double':''}circle, label=\"${k}\"] _${k};`).join('\\n')}\n\n ${startKey? `\n node [shape=point] start;\n start -> _${startKey};\n `: ''}\n\n ${Object.entries(fsm)\n .map(([origin, v])=> Object.entries(v)\n .map(([transition, target])=>\n `_${origin} -> _${target} [label=\"${transition}\"];`\n ).join('\\n')\n ).join('\\n')}\n \n}\n`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1201,"value":"truthTableFromFsmTransitions = (fsm, input)=> {\n const inputTable = expandBitTable(Math.pow(2, input.length))\n const r = Object.entries(fsm)\n .map(([state, v])=> Object.entries(v).map(([transition, nextState])=> {\n const fn = new Function(...input, `return ${transition}`)\n return inputTable.filter(inp=> fn(...inp)).map(inp=> [state, inp.join(''), nextState])\n }).reduce((a, b)=> a.concat(b)))\n .reduce((a, b)=> a.concat(b))\n return r.map(v=> ({v, s: parseInt(v[0]+v[1], 2)})).sort((a, b)=> a.s-b.s).map(v=> v.v)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1234,"value":"// transpose([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]).join(';') == \"1,3,5;2,4,6\"\ntranspose = rcs=> rcs.reduce((crs, r)=> (crs.map((c, ci)=> c.push(r[ci])), crs), range(rcs[0].length).map(i=> []))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1090,"value":"md`### Circuit drawer`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1019,"value":"circuitRunDigital = (fn, input)=> {\n const inputOrder = []\n const outputMap = {}\n const outputOrder = []\n \n\tconst c = {}\n\tc.input = id=> {\n const val = input[inputOrder.length]\n inputOrder.push(id)\n return val\n }\n\tc.output = (id, ...inputs)=> {\n if (inputs.length!==1) throw new Error(`expected 1 input to output ${id}`)\n const val = inputs[0]\n outputMap[id] = val\n outputOrder.push(id)\n\t\treturn val\n\t}\n \n c.low = ()=> 0\n c.high = ()=> 1\n c.not = a=> !a\n c.and = (a, b)=> a&&b\n c.nand = (a, b)=> !(a&&b)\n c.mux = (s, a, b)=> s? b: a\n\n\tfn(c)\n\n const output = outputOrder.map(k=> outputMap[k]).map(a=> a?1:0)\n\treturn output\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":553,"value":"$37","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":559,"value":"$38","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":240,"value":"yosysRenderSvg = async yosys=> await netlistsvg.render(netlistCustomSkin, yosys)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":226,"value":"circuitShow = async builderOrCircuit=> svg`${await (yosysRenderSvg(circuitToYosys(typeof builderOrCircuit === 'function'? circuitBuild(builderOrCircuit): builderOrCircuit)))}`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1098,"value":"md`### External`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":169,"value":"// netlistsvg is an external dependency used in the circuit drawing pipeline\nnetlistsvg = {\n // var ELK = await require('https://nturley.github.io/netlistsvg/elk.bundled.js')\n let ELK = await require(await FileAttachment(\"elk.bundled.js\").url())\n window.ELK = ELK\n // return require('https://nturley.github.io/netlistsvg/built/netlistsvg.bundle.js')\n return require(await FileAttachment(\"netlistsvg.bundle.js\").url())\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1099,"value":"// dot is used to visualize graph structures\ndot = require(\"@observablehq/graphviz@0.2\")","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1083,"value":"md`### Circuit drawer Misc`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":1532,"value":"circuitBuild_node_types_netlist = Object.entries(netlistCustomSkinComponents).map(([k, v])=> ({\n id: k,\n yosys: [\n ...(v.match(/s:alias val=\"([^\"]+)/ig) || [])\n .map(v=> v.replace(/s:alias val=\"/i, '')),\n k,\n ][0],\n ports: (v.match(/s:pid=\"([^\"]+)/ig) || [])\n .map(v=> v.replace(/s:pid=\"/i, ''))\n .map(p=> ({id: p.toLowerCase(), yosys: p})),\n}))","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":545,"value":"$39","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":646,"value":"circuitBuild_node_types = [...circuitBuild_node_types_netlist, ...circuitBuild_node_types_own]","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":552,"value":"circuitBuild_node_types_map = index_on_key('id', circuitBuild_node_types)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":556,"value":"circuitBuildExample = circuitBuild(c=> {\n\tconst [b, a] = 'b, a'.split(', ').map(c.input),\n\t\tbn = c.nand(b, b),\n\t\t_1 = c.and(bn, a),\n\t\ty = c.output('y', _1)\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":563,"value":"circuitToYosys(circuitBuildExample)","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":720,"value":"circuitShowJ = async builderOrCircuit=> code(`${JSON.stringify((circuitToYosys(typeof builderOrCircuit === 'function'? circuitBuild(builderOrCircuit): builderOrCircuit)), null, 2)}`, 'js')","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":526,"value":"svg`${await yosysRenderSvg({\n modules: {\n _1: {\n ports: {\n b: { direction: 'input', bits: [ 2 ] },\n a: { direction: 'input', bits: [ 4 ] },\n y: { direction: 'output', bits: [ 5 ] }\n },\n cells: {\n _nand_0: {\n type: '$nand',\n port_directions: { A: 'input', B: 'input', Y: 'output' },\n connections: { A: [ 2 ], B: [ 2 ], Y: [ 3 ] }\n },\n _and_0: {\n type: '$and',\n port_directions: { A: 'input', B: 'input', Y: 'output' },\n connections: { A: [ 3 ], B: [ 4 ], Y: [ 5 ] }\n }\n },\n netnames: {}\n }\n }\n})}`","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":588,"value":"$3a","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":599,"value":"netlistCustomSkinComponents = ({\n ...netlistSkinOriginalComponents,\n gnd: netlistSkinOriginalComponents.gnd.replace(/top/, 'left'), // position: top doesn't seem to work with the digital design layout engine\n /*label: `\n \n constant\n\n \n \n\n \n \n `*/\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":600,"value":"$3b","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"}],"files":"$W3c","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}} 32:"$31:body"