Ph.D. Student at UC Berkeley EECS. Prev. @FormidableLabs.
The National DebtThe National Debt Across Presidential Eras
The National Debt Across Congressional Eras
endpoint = 'https://api.fiscaldata.treasury.gov/services/api/fiscal_service/v2/accounting/od/debt_to_penny'
data = {
const resolve = (url = endpoint, acc = []) => {
const data = d3.json(url).then((response) => {
const next = acc.concat(
response.data.map((d) => ({
date: d3.utcParse("%Y-%m-%d")(d.record_date),
value: +d.tot_pub_debt_out_amt
})
));
if (response.links.next) {
return resolve(`${endpoint}?${response.links.next}`, next);
}
return next;
});
return data;
};
return resolve();
}
cagr = slice => {
const { date: startDate, value: startValue } = slice[0];
const { date: endDate, value: endValue } = slice[slice.length - 1];
const diffMs = endDate.getTime() - startDate.getTime();
const totalYears = diffMs / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 365);
return (Math.pow(endValue / startValue, 1 / totalYears) - 1) * 100;
}
congressionalData = {
// Slice all data returned by the endpoint to just the periods representing complete Congresses.
// For this analysis, Jan. 4, 1995 – Jan. 3, 2021 is the period of interest.
const slice = data.slice(
data.findIndex(
d =>
d.date.getUTCMonth() === 0 &&
d.date.getUTCDate() >= 4 &&
d.date.getUTCFullYear() === 1995
),
_.findLastIndex(
data,
d =>
d.date.getUTCMonth() === 0 &&
d.date.getUTCDate() <= 4 &&
d.date.getUTCFullYear() === 2021
)
);
let congress = 104;
let year = 1995;
const congresses = {};
for (let i = 0; i < slice.length; i++) {
const date = slice[i].date;
// When we hit the 4th day of the year two years in the future, we've started the next Congress.
if (date.getUTCFullYear() === year + 2 && date.getUTCDate() >= 4) {
congress++;
year += 2;
}
Array.isArray(congresses[congress])
? congresses[congress].push(slice[i])
: (congresses[congress] = [slice[i]]);
}
return congresses;
}
congressesByParty = ({
104: 'rep',
105: 'rep',
106: 'rep',
107: 'split',
108: 'rep',
109: 'rep',
110: 'dem',
111: 'dem',
112: 'split',
113: 'split',
114: 'split',
115: 'rep',
116: 'split'
})
congressesByPresidentialParty = ({
104: 'dem',
105: 'dem',
106: 'dem',
107: 'rep',
108: 'rep',
109: 'rep',
110: 'rep',
111: 'dem',
112: 'dem',
113: 'dem',
114: 'dem',
115: 'rep',
116: 'rep'
})
colors = ({
dem: '#2563EB',
rep: '#DC2626',
split: '#7C3AED',
annotation: '#4B5563',
label: '#000000',
// Democratic Congress, Democratic President
demdem: '#2563EB',
// Democratic Congress, Republican President
demrep: '#70a5ff',
// Split Congress, Democratic President
splitdem: '#96a2fb',
// Split Congress, Republican President
splitrep: '#d582f7',
// Republican Congress, Democratic President
repdem: '#f36785',
// Republican Congress, Republican President
reprep: '#DC2626'
})
height = 600
margin = ({ top: 40, left: 60, right: 40, bottom: 40 });
d3 = require('d3@6');
_ = require('lodash');
Purpose-built for displays of data
Observable is your go-to platform for exploring data and creating expressive data visualizations. Use reactive JavaScript notebooks for prototyping and a collaborative canvas for visual data exploration and dashboard creation.
