27:null 28:["$","title",null,{"children":"Can you balance Montana's state budget? | Eric Dietrich | Observable"}] 2d:Tf5d,nonHb2decisions = [ { title: 'Income tax rebates', label: 'Refund state income taxes on a one-time basis.', values: [ {label: 'None', oto: 0, ongoing: 0}, {label: '$1,250/taxpayer', bill: 'HB 192 (signed)', oto: -480e6, ongoing: 0}, {label: '$2,500/taxpayer', oto: -480e6*2, ongoing: 0}, ], default: '$1,250/taxpayer', }, { title: 'Property tax rebates', label: 'Rebates on property taxes paid on principal residences.', values: [ {label: 'None', oto: 0, ongoing: 0}, {label: '$1,000/homeowner', bill: 'HB 222 (signed)', oto: -283e6, ongoing: 0}, {label: '$2,000/homeowner', oto: -283e6*2, ongoing: 0}, ], default: '$1,000/homeowner', }, { title: 'Income tax cuts', label: 'Cut income taxes permanently.', values: [ {label: 'None', oto: 0, ongoing: 0}, {label: 'Reduce top rate from 6.5% to 5.9%', bill: 'SB 121 (signed)', oto: 0, ongoing: -150e6}, {label: 'Double that cut', oto: 0, ongoing: -300e6}, ], default: 'Reduce top rate from 6.5% to 5.9%', }, { title: 'Create affordable housing fund', label: 'Grants and loans to subsidize rent-restricted housing developments', values: [ {label: 'None', oto: 0, ongoing: 0}, {label: '$115 million', bill: 'HB 927 (pending)', oto: -115e6, ongoing: 0}, {label: '$500 million', bill: 'HB 574 (dead)', oto: -500e6, ongoing: 0}, ], default: '$115 million', }, { title: 'Create local infrastructure fund', label: 'Grants for roads, drinking water and sewer projects.', values: [ {label: 'None', oto: 0, ongoing: 0}, {label: '$267 million', bill: 'HB 355 (pending)', oto: -267e6, ongoing: 0}, {label: '$500 million', oto: -500e6, ongoing: 0}, ], default: '$267 million', }, { title: 'Expand film production tax credit', label: 'Grow program intended to draw film crews to Montana', values: [ {label: 'No', oto: 0, ongoing: 0}, {label: '$8 million/yr', bill: 'SB 14 (pending)', oto: 0, ongoing: -8e6}, {label: '$80 million/yr', bill: 'HB 897 (dead)', oto: 0, ongoing: -80e6}, ], default: '$8 million/yr', }, { title: 'Establish teacher health insurance trust', label: 'Would help public schools with insurance costs.', values: [ {label: 'No', oto: 0, ongoing: 0}, {label: '$45 million/yr', bill: 'HB 332 (as amended)', oto: -45e6, ongoing: 0}, {label: '$60 million/yr', bill: 'HB 332 (original)', oto: -60e6, ongoing: 0}, ], default: '$45 million/yr', }, { title: 'Fund more childcare scholarships', label: 'Via the Best Beginning program.', values: [ {label: 'No', oto: 0, ongoing: 0}, {label: '$7 million/yr', bill: 'HB 648 (as amended)', oto: 0, ongoing: -7e6}, {label: '$9 million/yr', bill: 'HB 648 (original)', oto: 0, ongoing: -9e6}, ], default: '$7 million/yr', }, { title: 'Increase mental health provider rates', label: 'On top of increases already in HB 2.', values: [ {label: 'No', oto: 0, ongoing: 0}, {label: 'Some', bill: 'HB 649 (as amended)', oto: -5e6, ongoing: 0}, {label: 'Fully fund rate study', bill: '',oto: 0, ongoing: -25e6}, ], default: 'Some', }, { title: 'Invest in behavioral health facilities', label: 'Including the Montana State Hospital in Warm Springs.', values: [ {label: 'No', oto: 0, ongoing: 0}, {label: 'Yes, only $150 million', oto: -150e6, ongoing: 0}, {label: 'Yes, full $300 million', bill: 'HB 872', oto: -300e6, ongoing: 0}, ], default: 'Yes, full $300 million', }, { title: 'Implement state employee pay plan', label: 'Pay raises negotiated between governor and labor unions.', values: [ {label: 'No', oto: 0, ongoing: 0}, {label: 'Yes', bill: 'HB 13', oto: 0, ongoing: -30e6}, {label: 'Double it', oto: 0, ongoing: -60e6}, ], default: 'Yes', }, ]2e:T18cd,embed = html`

${style}

Can you balance Montana's next budget?

Even with nearly $2.5 billion expected in the bank heading into the state's two-year budget cycle this summer, Montana lawmakers have some big choices to make as they work to balance the state's 2024-2025 budget. Pick different options here to see how some of the major proposals under debate could shift the state's bottom line.

Starting General Fund balance

Projected as the state heads into its 2024-25 budget cycle July 1.

💰 ${dollarFormat(budgetStatus.startBalance).replace('+','')}

Projected revenues

Excluding new tax cuts.

⬆️ ${dollarFormat(calculations.totalRevenues)}

${dollarFormat(calculations.totalAvailableToSpend).replace('+','')} total available to spend

This includes ${roundFormat(budgetStatus.fy24_revenue.ongoing + budgetStatus.fy25_revenue.ongoing)} in 🔄 ongoing revenue and ${roundFormat(budgetStatus.fy24_revenue.oto + budgetStatus.fy25_revenue.oto)} in expected 💰 one-time revenue.

State agency budgets

As proposed in House Bill 2, the state's main budget bill. This is almost entirely 🔄 ongoing spending.

⬇️ ${dollarFormat(calculations.totalAgencyBudgets)}

${dollarFormat(calculations.totalLessAgencyBudgets).replace('+','')} remaining

👉 Change agency spending with House Bill 2 amendments debated in recent weeks.

${viewof hb2ChoiceForm}

Note these are relatively small changes with minor budget impact.

Other ongoing spending

e.g., statutory appropriations authorized by prior legislatures.

⬇️ ${dollarFormat(calculations.totalOtherSpending)}

${dollarFormat(calculations.totalLessAgencyBudgetsAndOther).replace('+','')} remaining

Standalone spending and tax cut bills

Measures that change tax policy, adjust state wages, establish new programs or allocate one-time funding.

⬇️ ${dollarFormat(calculations.totalOneOffBudgets)}

${dollarFormat(calculations.endingFundBalance).replace('+','')} remaining ${icon(calculations.endingFundBalance)}

👉 Balance the budget by picking spending levels from the options below.

${viewof nonHB2ChoiceForm}

Plus ${dollarFormat(budgetStatus.unitemized_bills.ongoing)} in other 🔄 ongoing and ${dollarFormat(budgetStatus.unitemized_bills.oto)} in other 💰 one-time proposals.

The bottom line

💸 Projected ending fund balance

Money left in the General Fund after 💰 one-time and 🔄 ongoing spending. State law requires a minimum balance equal to about $130 million this cycle to serve as a buffer against unexpected financial challenges.

${dollarFormat(calculations.endingFundBalance)} ${icon(calculations.endingFundBalance)}

${endingFundMessage(calculations.endingFundBalance)}

⚖️ Structural balance

Factors in only 🔄 ongoing spending. The budget is considered balanced if this number is positive, meaning ongoing revenues exceed the cost of ongoing spending.

${dollarFormat(calculations.structuralBalance)} ✅

You're balanced here! 🎉

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budgetStatus.startBalance + c.totalRevenues ), totalLessAgencyBudgets: ( budgetStatus.startBalance + c.totalRevenues + c.totalAgencyBudgets ), totalLessAgencyBudgetsAndOther: ( budgetStatus.startBalance + c.totalRevenues + c.totalAgencyBudgets + c.totalOtherSpending ), endingFundBalance: ( budgetStatus.startBalance + c.totalRevenues + c.totalAgencyBudgets + c.totalOneOffBudgets + c.totalOtherSpending ), structuralBalance: ( budgetStatus.startBalance + c.ongoingRevenues + c.ongoingAgencyBudgets + c.ongoingOneOffBudgets + c.ongoingOtherSpending ), } }30:T53e,style = html``31:[] 2b:{"id":"348e1955634a9afe","slug":null,"title":"Can you balance Montana's state 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💰 ${dollarFormat(d.oto)} ${d.oto !== 0 ? 'once' : ''}

🔄 ${dollarFormat(d.ongoing)}${d.ongoing !== 0 ? '/yr' : ''}

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${line.title}

${line.label}

`\n const itemFormat = d => html`\n \n

${d.label}

${d.bill ? `📋 ${d.bill}` : ''}

💰 ${dollarFormat(d.oto)} ${d.oto !== 0 ? 'once' : ''}

🔄 ${dollarFormat(d.ongoing)}${d.ongoing !== 0 ? '/yr' : ''}

\n`\n nonHb2decisions.forEach((line, i) => {\n formDesign[line.title] = Inputs.radio(\n line.values, {\n label: makeLabel(line),\n format: itemFormat,\n value: line.values.find(d => d.label === line.default)\n })\n })\n return Inputs.form(formDesign)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":80,"value":"budgetStatus = ({\n // Adapted from 4/7/23 status sheed\n // Calcs at https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/17eok1lUgo0R3FFGieu6isbbqVFLI5jkOha_dp5TEbv0/edit#gid=1715838914\n startBalance: 2469.8e6,\n fy24_revenue: {ongoing: 3635.4e6, oto: 74.7e6},\n fy25_revenue: {ongoing: 3736e6, oto: 46.6e6},\n fy24_agency_budgets: {ongoing: -2058.4e6, oto: 0},\n fy25_agency_budgets: {ongoing: -2128.5e6, oto: 0},\n other_spending: {ongoing: -707.4e6, oto: 0},\n unitemized_bills: {ongoing: -910.1e6, oto: -2394.8e6},\n})","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":637,"value":"$2f","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":421,"value":"dollarFormat = d => {\n if (d === 0) return '$0'\n // else if (Math.abs(d) < 1e6) return d3.format('+$,')(d)\n // else if (Math.abs(d) < 1e7) return d3.format('+$,.2s')(d)\n // else return d3.format('+$,.3s')(d)\n else return d3.format('+$,')(d)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":448,"value":"roundFormat = d => {\n if (d === 0) return '$0'\n else if (Math.abs(d) < 1e6) return d3.format('$,')(d)\n else if (Math.abs(d) < 1e7) return d3.format('$,.2s')(d)\n else return d3.format('$,.3s')(d).replace('M', ' million').replace('G', ' billion')\n // else return d3.format('+$,')(d)\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":490,"value":"color = val => {\n if (val < 0) return '#473d29'\n else if (val > 0) return '#4e7521' // green\n else return '#473d29'\n }","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":759,"value":"colorIfPositive = val => {\n if (val < 0) return '#f20505' // red\n else if (val > 0 && val <= 130e6) return 'orange' // below fund\n else if (val > 0) return '#4e7521' // green\n else return '#4d2e0f'\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":765,"value":"icon = val => {\n if (val < 0) return '❌'\n else if (val > 0 && val <= 130e6) return '⚠️' // green\n else return '✅'\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":799,"value":"endingFundMessage = val => {\n if (val < 0) return 'Ending fund balance is negative. You\\'re bankrupting the state! 😳'\n else if (val > 0 && val <= 130e6) return 'Your ending fund balance is positive, but below the required reserve threshold. Spend less! 😐' // green\n else return 'You\\'re in the green and above the minimum reserve threshold... but have you really saved enough to weather a bad fire season? 🔥'\n}","pinned":false,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"},{"id":170,"value":"$30","pinned":true,"hidden":false,"mode":"ojs","author":"$undefined","summary":"$undefined","output":"$undefined","database":"$undefined"}],"files":"$W31","stdlib":"1","titling":"auto"}} 2c:"$2b:body"