Public
Edited
Jul 12, 2024
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Timeline(data)
function Timeline(data) {
// Chart dimensions and configuration
const margin = ({ top: 10, right: 20, bottom: 50, left: 20 }); // Increase bottom margin
// const width = 1000;
// Bar height
const barHeight = 20;
// Calculate max of the death year and min of the birth year
const maxYear = Math.max(...data.map(d => d.death)) + 20;
const minYear = Math.min(...data.map(d => d.birth)) - 20;
// Compute the y position for each bar
const yPos = computeBarYPosition(data, direction);
// Calculate the maximum yPos value and the height of the chart
const yPosMax = Math.max(...yPos);
const yPosMin = Math.min(...yPos);
const chartHeight = (yPosMax - yPosMin) * barHeight * 2;
const height = chartHeight + margin.top + margin.bottom;
// Create X and Y scales
const xScale = d3.scaleLinear().domain([minYear, maxYear]).range([margin.left, width - margin.right]);
const yScale = d3.scalePoint().domain(d3.range(yPosMin, yPosMax + 1)).range([height - margin.bottom, margin.top]).padding(1.5);
// Create the chart
const svg = d3.select(document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "svg"))
.attr("width", width)
.attr("height", height);
const centuryStart = Math.ceil(minYear / 100) * 100;
const centuries = d3.range(centuryStart, maxYear, 100);
// Draw vertical gridlines at every century mark
const linesLayer = svg.append("g").attr("class", "lines-layer");
linesLayer.append("g")
.selectAll("line")
.data(centuries)
.join("line")
.attr("x1", d => xScale(d))
.attr("x2", d => xScale(d))
.attr("y1", margin.bottom)
.attr("y2", chartHeight)
.style("stroke", "rgba(0,0,0,0.2)")
.style("stroke-dasharray", "2,2");
// Draw x-axis with labels every 20 years, starting from 1700
svg.append("g")
.attr("transform", `translate(0,${chartHeight})`)
.call(d3.axisBottom(xScale)
.tickValues(d3.range(Math.floor(minYear / 20) * 20, maxYear, 20))
.tickFormat(d3.format(".0f")) // Add this line to change the tick format
.tickSizeOuter(0));
// Create bars and labels
const bars = svg.append("g")
.selectAll("g")
.data(data)
.join("g");
// Create bars
bars.append("rect")
.attr("x", d => xScale(d.birth))
.attr("width", d => xScale(d.death) - xScale(d.birth))
.attr("y", (d, i) => yScale(yPos[i]))
.attr("height", barHeight)
.attr("fill", "steelblue");
// Create labels displaying only name
bars.append("text")
.text(d => d.name)
.attr("x", d => xScale(d.birth) + 4)
.attr("y", (d, i) => yScale(yPos[i]) + barHeight / 2)
.attr("alignment-baseline", "central")
.attr("font-size", 12)
.attr("fill", "white")
.attr("white-space", "nowrap")
// .attr("overflow", "hidden")
.attr("text-overflow", "ellipsis");
// Mouseover and mouseout events for scrolling labels and showing dates on the timeline
bars.on("mouseover", function (event, d) {
const bar = d3.select(this);
// Show vertical lines and dates along the timeline
const lineGroup = svg.append("g")
.attr("class", "timeline-hover")
.lower(); // Lower the group so that it is positioned behind the bars
lineGroup.append("line")
.attr("x1", xScale(d.birth))
.attr("x2", xScale(d.birth))
.attr("y1", yScale(yPos[data.indexOf(d)]) + barHeight) // Start from the bottom of the bar
.attr("y2", chartHeight)
.style("stroke", "rgba(225,0,0,0.3)");
lineGroup.append("line")
.attr("x1", xScale(d.death))
.attr("x2", xScale(d.death))
.attr("y1", yScale(yPos[data.indexOf(d)]) + barHeight) // Start from the bottom of the bar
.attr("y2", chartHeight)
.style("stroke", "rgba(225,0,0,0.3)");
lineGroup.append("text")
.text(d.birth)
.attr("x", xScale(d.birth))
.attr("y", chartHeight + 30)
.attr("text-anchor", "middle")
.attr("fill", "red"); // Display birth date in red
lineGroup.append("text")
.text(d.death)
.attr("x", xScale(d.death))
.attr("y", chartHeight + 30)
.attr("text-anchor", "middle")
.attr("fill", "red"); // Display death date in red
// Scroll label if necessary
const label = bar.select("text");
const labelWidth = label.node().getComputedTextLength();
const barWidth = xScale(d.death) - xScale(d.birth);
if (labelWidth > barWidth - 8) {
const scrollAmount = labelWidth - barWidth + 12; // Leave some padding for visual clarity
label.interrupt() // Stop any active transition
.transition()
.duration(2000)
.ease(d3.easeQuadInOut)
.attr("x", d => xScale(d.birth) + 4 - scrollAmount)
.attr("clip-path", 'polygon(0,0,${barWidth},0,${barWidth},${barHeight},0,${barHeight})');
}
})
.on("mouseout", function (event, d) {
// Hide vertical lines and dates along the timeline
svg.selectAll(".timeline-hover").remove();
// Reset the label position to original
const label = d3.select(this).select("text");
const currentXPosition = parseFloat(label.attr("x"));
const originalXPosition = xScale(d.birth) + 4;
if (currentXPosition !== originalXPosition) {
label.interrupt() // Stop any active transition
.transition()
.duration(2000)
.ease(d3.easeQuadInOut)
.attr("x", originalXPosition);
}
});
// Return the SVG node as a value
return svg.node();
}
data = [
{ name: "Christopher Columbus", birth: 1451, death: 1506 },
{ name: "Suleiman the Magnificent", birth: 1494, death: 1566 },
{ name: "Queen Elizabeth I", birth: 1533, death: 1603 },
{ name: "Toyotomi Hideyoshi", birth: 1537, death: 1598 },
{ name: "Peter the Great", birth: 1672, death: 1725 },
{ name: "George Washington", birth: 1732, death: 1799 },
{ name: "Thomas Jefferson", birth: 1743, death: 1826 },
{ name: "Abraham Lincoln", birth: 1809, death: 1865 },
{ name: "Winston Churchill", birth: 1874, death: 1965 },
{ name: "Benjamin Franklin", birth: 1706, death: 1790 },
{ name: "Kangxi Emperor", birth: 1654, death: 1722 },
{ name: "Qianlong Emperor", birth: 1711, death: 1799 },
{ name: "Louis XIV", birth: 1638, death: 1715 },
{ name: "Louis XVI", birth: 1754, death: 1793 },
{ name: "Queen Victoria", birth: 1819, death: 1901 },
{ name: "Otto von Bismarck", birth: 1815, death: 1898 },
{ name: "Napoleon", birth: 1769, death: 1821 },
{ name: "Franklin D. Roosevelt", birth: 1882, death: 1945 },
{ name: "Li Hongzhang", birth: 1823, death: 1901 },
{ name: "Adolf Hitler", birth: 1889, death: 1945 },
{ name: "Vladimir Lenin", birth: 1870, death: 1924 },
{ name: "Joseph Stalin", birth: 1878, death: 1953 },
{ name: "Sun Yat-sen", birth: 1866, death: 1925 },
{ name: "Mao Zedong", birth: 1893, death: 1976 },
{ name: "Deng Xiaoping", birth: 1904, death: 1997 },
{ name: "Emperor Meiji", birth: 1852, death: 1912 },
{ name: "Mahatma Gandhi", birth: 1869, death: 1948 },
{ name: "Queen Elizabeth II", birth: 1926, death: 2022 },
{ name: "Nelson Mandela", birth: 1918, death: 2013 },
{ name: "Martin Luther King Jr.", birth: 1929, death: 1968 },
{ name: "Mikhail Gorbachev", birth: 1931, death: 2022 },
{ name: "Lee Kuan Yew", birth: 1923, death: 2015 },
// add more figures here
]
computeBarYPosition(data, "center")
function computeBarYPosition(data, direction = "center") {
function xOverlaps(a, b) {
return a.birth < b.death + 1 && a.death + 1 > b.birth;
}
const yPos = [];
const lastBars = {};
let minRow = 0;
let maxRow = 0;
data.sort((a, b) => a.birth - b.birth);
data.forEach((d, i) => {
if (i === 0) {
yPos[i] = 0;
lastBars[0] = d;
return;
}
let optimalRow;
let minDeathYear = Infinity;
for (const row of Object.keys(lastBars).map(Number)) {
if (!xOverlaps(lastBars[row], d) && lastBars[row]?.death < minDeathYear) {
optimalRow = row;
minDeathYear = lastBars[row]?.death;
}
}
if (optimalRow === undefined) {
if (direction === "top") {
optimalRow = maxRow + 1;
} else if (direction === "bottom") {
optimalRow = minRow - 1;
} else {
optimalRow = Math.abs(minRow - 1) < maxRow + 1 ? minRow - 1 : maxRow + 1;
}
}
yPos[i] = optimalRow;
lastBars[optimalRow] = d;
if (optimalRow < minRow) {
minRow = optimalRow;
}
if (optimalRow > maxRow) {
maxRow = optimalRow;
}
});
return yPos;
}
Purpose-built for displays of data
Observable is your go-to platform for exploring data and creating expressive data visualizations. Use reactive JavaScript notebooks for prototyping and a collaborative canvas for visual data exploration and dashboard creation.
