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Perceptually uniform color models and their implications
Zdog = require("zdog@1/dist/zdog.dist.min.js")
culori = import("https://unpkg.com/culori@2.0.0/bundled/culori.min.mjs?module")
middle = (arr) => arr[Math.round((arr.length - 1) / 2)]
<style>
dfn {
font-weight: bold;
}
</style>
startColor = gradientForm.startColor
endColor = gradientForm.endColor
rgbInOklch = gradientForm.rgbInOklch
oklabConverter = culori.converter("oklab")
rgbConverter = culori.converter("rgb")
oklchConverter = culori.converter("oklch")
rgbInterpolator = culori.interpolate([startColor, endColor], "rgb")
oklabInterpolator = culori.interpolate([startColor, endColor], "oklab")
function* renderSpace({
points,
path,
syncRotation = false,
axis = false,
width = 300,
height = 300
}) {
let isSpinning = true;
let element = DOM.canvas(width, height);
let illo = new Zdog.Illustration({
element,
dragRotate: true,
rotate: {
x: -0.3 * Math.PI,
y: -0.1 * Math.PI
},
scale: {
y: 400,
x: 400,
z: 400
}
});
if (axis) {
const x = _.minBy(points, (p) => p.x).x;
const maxX = _.maxBy(points, (p) => p.x).x;
// flipped
const y = _.maxBy(points, (p) => p.y).y;
const maxY = _.minBy(points, (p) => p.y).y;
const z = _.minBy(points, (p) => p.z).z;
const maxZ = _.maxBy(points, (p) => p.z).z;
let rect = new Zdog.Rect({
addTo: illo,
width: maxX - x,
height: maxY - y,
translate: { z: (maxX - x) / 2 },
stroke: 2
});
rect.copy({
translate: { z: (maxX - x) / -2 }
});
rect.copy({
translate: { x: (maxX - x) / -2 },
rotate: { y: Zdog.TAU / 4 }
});
rect.copy({
translate: { x: (maxX - x) / 2 },
rotate: { y: Zdog.TAU / 4 }
});
}
let dragStartRX, dragStartRY;
if (syncRotation) {
// https://zzz.dog/api#dragger
new Zdog.Dragger({
startElement: illo.element,
onDragStart: function () {
// keep track of rotation
dragStartRX = viewRotation.x;
dragStartRY = viewRotation.y;
},
onDragMove: function (pointer, moveX, moveY) {
// move rotation
let moveRX = (moveY / illo.width) * Zdog.TAU * -1;
let moveRY = (moveX / illo.width) * Zdog.TAU * -1;
viewRotation.x = dragStartRX + moveRX;
viewRotation.y = dragStartRY + moveRY;
}
});
}
for (const { x, y, z, cull, hex } of points) {
if (cull) {
continue;
}
new Zdog.Shape({
addTo: illo,
translate: { x, y, z },
stroke: 15,
color: hex
});
}
const pathGroup = new Zdog.Group({
addTo: illo
});
// drag z-index of group underneath the cube: https://zzz.dog/extras#z-fighting
new Zdog.Shape({
addTo: pathGroup,
translate: { y: -50 },
visibility: false
});
if (path) {
new Zdog.Shape({
addTo: pathGroup,
path,
stroke: 10
});
}
while (true) {
if (syncRotation) {
illo.rotate.set(viewRotation);
} else {
illo.rotate.y += 0.01;
}
illo.updateRenderGraph();
yield element;
}
}
// hardcoded for nice default perspective so that Oklab space and RGB cube look "nice"
viewRotation = new Zdog.Vector({
x: 5.751272355710947,
y: 0.4305139451754206,
z: 0
})
function oklch2xyz(lch) {
const oklab = oklabConverter({
...lch,
h:
lch.h + 310 /* hardcoded to make blue-yellow interpolation line up with RGB */
});
const y = -(oklab.l - culori.modeOklab.ranges.l[1] / 2) / 2;
const x = oklab.a;
const z = -oklab.b;
return { x, y, z };
}
function rgb2xyz({ r, g, b }) {
// scaling factor
const s = 0.3;
const x = (r - 0.5) * s;
const y = (-g + 0.5) * s;
const z = (b - 0.5) * s;
return { x, y, z };
}
function steps(start, finish, number) {
return [..._.range(start, finish, (finish - start) / number), finish];
}
rgbCube = {
const red = steps(0, 1, 11);
const green = steps(0, 1, 11);
const blue = steps(0, 1, 11);
return red.flatMap((r) =>
green.flatMap((g) =>
blue.map((b) => {
const rgb = { mode: "rgb", r, g, b };
const { x, y, z } = rgb2xyz(rgb);
const hex = culori.formatHex(rgb);
return { x, y, z, hex };
})
)
);
}
oklchCylinder = {
// max values https://culorijs.org/color-spaces/
const oklch = culori.modeOklch;
// find the highest and lowest values for each param
const { l, c, h } = oklch.ranges;
const lightness = steps(l[0], l[1], 11);
const chroma = steps(c[0], c[1], 11);
const hue = _.range(h[0], h[1], h[1] / 32);
return lightness.flatMap((l) =>
chroma.flatMap((c) =>
hue.map((h) => {
const lch = { mode: oklch.mode, l, c, h };
const cull = !culori.displayable(lch);
const hex = culori.formatHex(culori.clampRgb(oklch.toMode.rgb(lch)));
const { x, y, z } = oklch2xyz(lch);
return { x, y, z, hex, cull };
})
)
);
}
oklabInterpolation = steps(0, 1, 10)
.map(oklabInterpolator)
.map(oklchConverter)
.map((oklch, i) => {
const { x, y, z } = oklch2xyz(oklch);
const hex = culori.formatHex(oklch);
return { x, y, z, hex, i, type: "Oklab" };
})
rgbInOklchInterpolation = steps(0, 1, 10)
.map(rgbInterpolator)
.map(oklchConverter)
.map((oklch) => {
const { x, y, z } = oklch2xyz(oklch);
const hex = culori.formatHex(oklch);
return { x, y, z, hex };
})
rgbInterpolation = steps(0, 1, 10)
.map(rgbInterpolator)
.map((rgb, i) => {
const { x, y, z } = rgb2xyz(rgb);
const hex = culori.formatHex(rgb);
return { x, y, z, hex, i, type: "sRGB" };
})
oklabGradient = d3
.range(0, 1, 0.001)
.map(oklabInterpolator)
.map((oklab, i) => ({
t: i * 0.001,
lightness: oklab.l,
hex: culori.formatHex(oklab)
}))
rgbGradient = d3
.range(0, 1, 0.001)
.map(rgbInterpolator)
.map((rgb, i) => ({
t: i * 0.001,
lightness: oklabConverter(rgb).l,
hex: culori.formatHex(rgb)
}))
schemes = [
// match ordering in https://observablehq.com/@mjbo/color-schemes-under-color-vision-deficiency#plotSchemesAndDeficiencies
["Viridis (sequential, multi-hue)", "viridis"],
["Cividis (sequential, multi-hue)", "cividis"],
["Magma (sequential, multi-hue)", "magma"],
["Inferno (sequential, multi-hue)", "inferno"],
["Plasma (sequential, multi-hue)", "plasma"],
["Cubehelix (sequential, multi-hue)", "cubehelix"],
["Warm (sequential, multi-hue)", "warm"],
["Cool (sequential, multi-hue)", "cool"],
["YlGnBu (sequential, multi-hue)", "ylgnbu"],
["YlGn (sequential, multi-hue)", "ylgn"],
["YlOrBr (sequential, multi-hue)", "ylorbr"],
["YlOrRd (sequential, multi-hue)", "ylorrd"],
["Blues (sequential, single-hue)", "blues"],
["Greens (sequential, single-hue)", "greens"],
["Greys (sequential, single-hue)", "greys"],
["Purples (sequential, single-hue)", "purples"],
["Reds (sequential, single-hue)", "reds"],
["Oranges (sequential, single-hue)", "oranges"],
["BuGn (sequential, multi-hue)", "bugn"],
["BuPu (sequential, multi-hue)", "bupu"],
["GnBu (sequential, multi-hue)", "gnbu"],
["OrRd (sequential, multi-hue)", "orrd"],
["PuBuGn (sequential, multi-hue)", "pubugn"],
["PuBu (sequential, multi-hue)", "pubu"],
["PuRd (sequential, multi-hue)", "purd"],
["RdPu (sequential, multi-hue)", "rdpu"],
["Sinebow (cyclical)", "sinebow"],
["Rainbow (cyclical)", "rainbow"],
["Turbo (sequential, multi-hue)", "turbo"],
["Spectral (diverging)", "spectral"],
["BrBG (diverging)", "brbg"],
["PRGn (diverging)", "prgn"],
["PiYG (diverging)", "piyg"],
["PuOr (diverging)", "puor"],
["RdBu (diverging)", "rdbu"],
["RdGy (diverging)", "rdgy"],
["RdYlBu (diverging)", "rdylbu"],
["RdYlGn (diverging)", "rdylgn"],
["BuRd (diverging)", "burd"],
["BuYlRd (diverging)", "buylrd"]
]
// https://github.com/observablehq/plot#color-options
function materialiseScale(scheme) {
return Plot.scale({
color: {
type: "linear",
scheme: scheme
}
});
}
plotSwatches = (scheme) =>
Plot.plot({
color: {
scheme: scheme
},
x: {
axis: null
},
height: 30,
marks: [Plot.cell(d3.range(-10, 11), { x: (d) => d, fill: (d) => d })],
caption: scheme
})
plotLightness = (scheme) => {
return Plot.plot({
nice: true,
color: { type: "identity" },
aspectRatio: 1,
facet: {
data: allSchemeData,
x: "filter"
},
y: {
label: "↑ L"
},
fx: {
domain: ["none", "greyscale"]
},
r: {
domain: [5, 5]
},
marks: [
Plot.frame(),
Plot.dot(allSchemeData, {
filter: (point) => point.schemeq === scheme,
x: "t",
y: "lightness",
fill: "color",
r: 6
})
]
});
}
deficiencyDeuter = culori.filterDeficiencyDeuter()
allSchemeData = schemes.flatMap(([longName, shortName]) => {
const interpolate = materialiseScale(shortName).interpolate;
return d3.range(0, 1, 0.01).flatMap((t) => [
{
filter: "none",
t,
scheme: longName,
schemeq: shortName,
lightness: oklabConverter(interpolate(t)).l,
oklab: oklabConverter(interpolate(t)),
color: interpolate(t),
hex: culori.formatHex(interpolate(t))
},
{
filter: "greyscale",
t,
scheme: longName,
schemeq: shortName,
color: culori.formatRgb(culori.filterGrayscale()(interpolate(t))),
lightness: oklabConverter(culori.filterGrayscale()(interpolate(t))).l
}
]);
})
cubehelixInterpolator = materialiseScale("cubehelix").interpolate
cubehelixInterpolation = d3
.range(0, 1, 0.01)
.map(cubehelixInterpolator)
.map(culori.parse)
.map((rgb) => {
const { x, y, z } = rgb2xyz(rgb);
const hex = culori.formatHex(rgb);
return { x, y, z, hex };
})
allSchemeData
{
const n = 5; // number of facet columns
const keys = Array.from(d3.union(allSchemeData.map((d) => d.scheme)));
const index = new Map(keys.map((key, i) => [key, i]));
const fx = (key) => index.get(key) % n;
const fy = (key) => Math.floor(index.get(key) / n);
return Plot.plot({
width,
color: { type: "identity" },
nice: true,
aspectRatio: 1.5,
y: {
label: "↑ L"
},
marks: [
Plot.frame(),
Plot.dot(allSchemeData, {
x: "t",
filter: (d) => d.filter === "none",
y: "lightness",
fill: "color",
r: 5,
fx: (d) => fx(d.scheme),
fy: (d) => fy(d.scheme)
}),
Plot.text(keys, { fx, fy, frameAnchor: "bottom-left", dx: 6, dy: -6 })
]
});
}
Purpose-built for displays of data
Observable is your go-to platform for exploring data and creating expressive data visualizations. Use reactive JavaScript notebooks for prototyping and a collaborative canvas for visual data exploration and dashboard creation.
